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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT OF SALT TOLERANT VERSION OF KMP-149 RICE VARIETY THROUGH MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSS BREEDING(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) SANDESH G M; C. A. DEEPAKRice is a major cereal that nourishes more than half of the global population but productivity of rice is greatly affected by soil salinity across the world which is the second most widespread abiotic stress after drought. In the present investigation 36 rice genotypes were identified as saline tolerant following screening in 100 mM NaCl salt solution with six genotypes having new haplotype. Further, we have developed salt tolerant versions of KMP-149 through marker assisted backcross breeding by successful introgression of Saltol QTL into the genetic background of KMP-149 from the donor FL478 using Saltol QTL linked markers. While SSR markers RM8094, RM3412 and RM10748 were used in foreground selection, 77 unrelated polymorphic markers were employed for background selection. Backcrossing the F1s harboring Saltol QTL with KMP-149 as recurrent parent resulted in BC1F1 population. The foreground selection among BC1F1 plants revealed 14 triple positive plants, which were backcrossed to generate BC2F1. Background selection in plants morphologically similar to KMP-149 showed highest genome recovery of 79.87 % and 90.26 % at BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations, respectively. Foreground selection among selected 70 BC2F2 plants identified 15 homozygous Saltol QTL positive plants with highest genome recovery of 93.51%. Similarly, in BC3F1 generation 11 plants were having Saltol QTL and had a highest genome recovery of 95.45%. In BC2F3 generation, six lines were identified as tolerant to salt stress with a visual salt injury score of 3 on screening for salinity tolerance at 100 mM NaCl concentration. BC2F2 and BC3F1 plants possessing Saltol QTL had grain and plant type comparable to that of KMP-149. Hence, improved version of KMP-149, with tolerance to salt stress, appear promising for enhancing rice production in salinity-affected soils.ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CORE SETS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L. Merrill) GERMPLASM(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-25) KAVERI CHAWAN; P. RavishankarThe development of a reduced representative set from a large base collection enhances its role in crop improvement. Considering the size of current soybean germplasm (2000 accessions) obtained from IISR (Indian Institute of Soybean Research), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, felt the difficulty in conserving, characterizing, and evaluating it, an attempt was made to develop a core set in order to increase its usage in breeding. A set of 2000 germplasm accessions along with 3 check varieties were characterized for 13 qualitative traits and 7 quantitative traits following augmented design at GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru. Substantial polymorphism for qualitative traits and genetic variability for quantitative traits in the germplasm were observed. A total of eight core sets were developed using seven quantitative traits data following standard stratified clustering approach. Qualitative trait-based statistics such as chi-square test, class coverage and Shannon-Weaver diversity index were used as validation criteria to examine homogeneity, retention of qualitative traits-based classes, and polymorphism diversity respectively. Quantitative trait-based univariate statistics (mean and variance) and standardized multivariate statistics (SMD%, CR%, VD% and VR%) were used to assess the representativeness of core sets. A Core set of 15 per cent size developed using logarithmic sampling with preferred allocation strategy was identified as the best representative of the base collection. This core set is suggested as a priority resource for use in breeding programme. To identify trait specific accessions from the core set, 300 (15% core size) soybean germplasm accessions were characterized for 13 qualitative traits and 7 quantitative traits using augmented design at two locations, viz., GKVK Bengaluru and KVK Dodballapura, during Kharif 2022. Based on early flowering, less plant height, early maturity and higher expression of accessions for other four traits, single trait-specific and multiple trait-specific accessions were identified. Twenty five accessions were found promising for combination of desirable traits.ThesisItem Embargo GENETIC BASIS OF GROWTH HABIT, AND FRESH POD FRAGRANCE AND YIELD UNDER PHOTOPERIOD INSENSITIVE BACKGROUND IN DOLICHOS BEAN (Lablab purpureus L.)(2023-01-03) BASANAGOUDA, GONAL; RAMESH, S.The major objective of dolichos bean breeding is to develop high fresh pod yielding and fragrant photoperiod-insensitive (PIS) determinate cultivars. A dependable information on genetic basis of growth habit, fresh pod yield and fragrance provide useful clues for most appropriate selection strategy to enhance the efficiency dolichos bean breeding for desired traits. Based on these premises, the number and mode of action of genes controlling growth habit was deciphered. The frequency of RILs that are likely to transgress the better parent were predicted and validated for grain yield and its component traits. Quantitative traits loci controlling fresh pod yield was mapped in F2 population. Dolichos bean homologs (LpBADH2) from two pod-fragrant and two non-fragrant genotypes were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified. Nucleotide sequence differences between fragrant and non-fragrant genotypes were explored and SNPs were identified. Amino-acid sequence similarity between LpBADH2 and other related legumes was explored. The results indicated that growth habit is controlled by two genes with duplicate and complementary epistasis in PIS and photoperiod-sensitive (PS) genetic background, respectively. The SSR marker, LPD-19 was found linked to genes controlling growth habit. A fairly good agreement between predicted (in F3 generation) and realized (in F4 generation) frequency of transgressive RILs for all the traits suggested reliability of approach used in the present study to predict the frequency of transgressive RILs. A nonsynonymous SNP leading to substitution of the amino acid “tyrosine” with “phenylalanine” was attributed as probable cause for the switch over of non-fragrance to fragrance in dolichos bean. One common QTL (qFPWS1-2-1, qFPWS2-2-1) across two seasons was detected. The epistatic QTL exhibited a relatively high additive × additive effects. The SSR marker LPD 233 linked to QTL controlling fresh pod yield was validated in F6 RIL population derived from HA 10-8 × HA 4.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR IRON, ZINC, CALCIUM CONTENTS AND SEED YIELD IN SELECTED F4 AND F5 COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] PROGENIES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-10-27) MEENAKSHI, J.; MARAPPA, N.Identification of micronutrient dense genotypes is primary goal of crop improvement programmes aimed at developing biofortified cowpea varieties. In this context present study was carried out using two crosses viz., PL-2 × NBC-39 and PL-5 × EC402104. ANOVA indicated significant variance for all traits under study in both F4 and F5 generations suggesting existence of adequate amount of variability. The estimates of PCV and GCV were moderate for most of traits studied. Moderate to high narrow sense heritability was observed for seeds pod-1, iron, zinc and calcium content indicating that additive gene action was predominant in the expression of these traits. Correlation studies indicated that iron, zinc and calcium content had significant negative correlation with seed yield plant-1 suggesting selection for high micronutrient content causes reduction in seed yield plant-1. Hence selecting lines with optimum amount of iron, zinc, calcium and seed yield plant-1 will be desirable. Ten such desirable superior lines from F5 generation were selected from two crosses which had 16, 4, 30 and 90 per cent increase in zinc, iron, calcium content and seed yield plant-1 respectively as compared to their parents which could be forwarded for further generations. Similarly, ten lines rich in micronutrient content having 60, 233, 40 and 4 per cent increase in zinc, iron, calcium content and seed yield plant-1 respectively compared to parental lines could be used in hybridizationThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF QTL CONTROLLING TRAITS RELATED TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN THE RECOMBINANT INBRED POPULATION OF THE CROSS NRCG 12568 × NRCG 12326 IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-28) BHARATH KUMAR P. JAMBAGI; D. L. SAVITHRAMMAAn investigation was carried out with the experimental material consisting of 147 RILs developed from the cross NRCG-12568 × NRCG-12326 during summer 2017 and 2018 at GKVK, Bengaluru under four different conditions viz., Well-watered (WW), Water stress (WS) I -with holding irrigation from 30-45 DAS (flowering period), Water stress II -with holding irrigation from 45-65 DAS (flowering and peg initiation stage), water stress III -with holding irrigation from 65-85 DAS (peg penetration and pod development stage) in augmented design including checks; TMV-2 and GKVK-5. Significant differences among RILs were observed for most of the traits in both the conditions. SCMR, SLA, pods plant-1 and pod yield plant-1 showed more genetic variation exhibiting moderate to high heritability with high genetic advance. Four out of 15 drought tolerant indices tested viz., MP, GMP, HMP and STI were found to be better indicators of drought tolerance. RIL133, RIL126, RIL145 and RIL25 showed higher pod yield in WW and WS conditions in comparison to GKVK 5 across years and locations based on per se performance, biplot analysis and ranking method. A linkage map was developed with 172 SSR markers on 20 linkage groups using genotypic data of 147 RILs. The length of linkage map spanned 2212.87 cM with an average of 11.12 cM inter-maker distance. Twenty-one QTLs were detected with 6.27-13.55% of phenotypic variance explained (PVE) in WW and WS environments. Two major QTLs each for SCMR and days to 50 per cent flowering, three major QTLs for SLA were detected in WS condition at LOD 3.0. A total of 38 Di-QTL interactions with more than 5% PVE were identified at LOD 5.0. The QTLs identified in the study can be utilized for marker assisted back cross breeding after validation. Stable RILs can be tested in multilocations or could be used infuture breeding for drought tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC INVESTIGATION ON MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (MYMV) RESISTANCE, SEED YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) AND RICE BEAN (Vigna umbellata Thunb.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-11-12) PRITHVIRAJ, S. K; Niranjana MurthyPresent investigation involved interspecific hybrids of mungbean and rice bean to study the crossability, pollen fertility, seed iability, hybrid lethality and hybrid breakdown per cent. Four mungbean lines viz., KKM- 3, LG-572, PS-16 and BGG-5susceptible to MYMV and seven rice bean varieties viz., RBL-35, EC-181771, KBR-1, EC-108873, RBL-6, IC-521148 and BRBM-127 highly resistant to MYMV was used. Out of 28 interspecific crosses attempted only 16 were successful in producing interspecific hybrids. The interspecific cross KKM-3 x KBR-1 was found better as revealed by higher crossability per cent, high hybrid pollen fertility, high seed germination percentage, lower hybrid lethality and lower hybrid breakdown. Two F2populations (KKM-3 × KBR-1 and KKM-3 × RBL-6) were scored and evaluated to studythe genetics of MYMV resistance, variability and inter relationship for ten yield and yield contributing characters respectively. In genetic studies done a good fit of 3:1 (Resistant: Susceptible) ratio was observed. In another study, segregating generations (F5 and F6) of the interspecific crosses of mungbean and ricebean (Selection-4 × RBL-1, Yellowmung × KBR-1, BGS-9 × RBL- 35) was used to study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, interrelationship between yield and yield contributing traits. Number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, and number of pods per cluster recorded high PCV, high GCV, high broad sense heritability coupledwith genetic advance. Path analysis results revealed direct effect of number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of clusters per plant and number of seeds per pod on seed yield and these traits exhibited significant and positive correlation with seed yield. The information generated in the present study may elp in genetic improvement of mungbean in general and to develop MYMV resistant greengram genotypes in particular.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC EVALUATION FOR CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS AND GRAIN QUALITY PARAMETERS IN RECIPROCAL CROSSES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-03-03) YALLAPPA HARIJAN; SHAILAJA HITTALMANIReciprocal crosses play an important role in identification of cytoplasmic effect and to choose right breeding programme for population improvement and development of new hybrids to meet global demand for food. In the present study, F2 and F3population ofstraight (BPT-5204 × HPR-14) and reciprocal (HPR-14 × BPT-5204) crosses along with parents were evaluated for growth and yield-attributing traits, disease resistance and grain nutrient traits. Significant differences between mean performance of 50% flowering, number of productive tillers, biomass, grain iron and carbohydratecontent in straight and reciprocal F2 and F3population were revealed cytoplasmic effect. Higher transgressive segregants for yield attributing and grain nutrient traits was observed in straight F2 and F3-populations compared to reciprocal crosses. Straight F2 and reciprocal F3 populations showed higher GCV and PCV for most of the traits. Number of tillers, number of productive-tillers, biomass and harvest index exhibited high PCV, GCV coupled with high-heritability and GAM. Inter-generation association indicated that grain yield plant-1 exhibited ignificant positive correlation with plant height, productive tillers, panicle length and grain zinc content in both the crosses. Panicle exsertion and grain carbohydrate contentshowed highest positive direct effect on grain yield-1 in reciprocal F2 and F3 populations.Genetic basis of anthocyanin pigmentation of basal leaf sheath colour and spikelets tip revealed monogenic inheritance (3:1) and leaf blade colour as inhibitory gene action (3:13). Most of F2 and F3-populations with less infestation of brown spot, sheath blight and sheath rot diseases. Fifteen mitochondrial and chloroplast specific SSRs showed polymorphism between parents, which could be utilized further to check cytoplasmic effects in the progenies. Multitrait selection index identified superior RIL’s (top ranked F3 families) in straight (1,2,6,18,21) and in reciprocal (10,87,96,98,100) crosses for all the traits and those families could beutilized for developing breeding lines for improvement of the traits. February,ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF MAGIC POPULATION AND TAGGING OF RESISTANCE TO MAJOR DISEASES IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-06-24) SHRIKRISHNA, P. DESAI; LOHITHASWA, H. C.Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and Sorghum downy mildew (SDM) of maize are serious constraints to maize production worldwide. An attempt was made to develop Multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population segregating for NCLB and SDM from the eight diverse founder parents (PDM-4341, CML451, CM202,CM212, SKV50, CAL1443, CAL1518 and VL109545) which were chosen based on SSR diversity and phenotypic response to multiple diseases. The MAGIC population was developed based on simple funnel crossing scheme to obtain 288 F3 progenies and they were phenotyped during Summer and kharif 2020 using alpha-lattice design in the artificial disease screening nurseries for NCLB and SDM at ZARS, Mandya. Analysis of variance among F3 progenies showed significant variation for NCLB and SDM disease incidence. The per cent disease severity for NCLB and per cent disease incidence for SDM showed high PCV and high heritability. Out of 288 F3 progenies, 14 F3 progenies were resistant to NCLB whereas, four progenies were resistant to SDM. Genome wide association study was conducted using 90 SSR markers to detect the genomic regions controlling resistance to NCLB and SDM. PCA analysis suggested an absence of unique groupings within the population. Based on the results of Mixed linear model (MLM) four SSRs were found associated with resistance to NCLB and one SSR marker (bnlg109) for SDM. BLAST analysis revealed that five SSRs associated with NCLB and one SSR marker with SDM were found overlapped within annotated genes (Callose synthase 7, Non-specific lipid-transfer protein, Homeodomain leucine zipper family IV protein, BTB/POZ domain-containing protein NPY2, AP2-EREBP-transcription factor 197 and Fbox/LRR-repeat protein) with plant defence mechanism.ThesisItem Embargo IDENTIFICATION AND STABILITY OF NEW SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) HYBRIDS FOR HIGH OLEIC ACID AND YIELD(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-29) UMAR FAROOQ, M S; UMA, M SThe purpose of this study was to improve sunflower oil quality by altering the fatty acid composition, hence an investigation was carried out to find stable high oleic sunflower hybrids with high seed yield and oil content. The 40 high oleic testers identified from high oleic gene pool were crossed with six CMS lines (CMS 1103A, CMS 234A, CMS 903A, ARM 249A, CMS 59A and CMS 103A) in a Line x Tester mating design during kharif 2019 to produce 240 experimental hybrids. The resultant experimental hybrids thus obtained were evaluated during rabi 2019 to identify the fertility restoration and sterility maintenance behaviour. Out of the 40 high oleic testers evaluated, 28 testers were identified as common restorers while six testers were identified as common maintainers across six CMS lines. The resultant 168 fertile hybrids (6 lines x 28 testers) were evaluated during summer 2020 in alpha lattice design to assess the combining ability and heterosis for high oleic and high yield. Out of 168 hybrids, 30 promising hybrids exhibiting high oleic acid, high seed yield and oil content were identified based on Smith-Hazel selection indices. The hybrid, ARM 249A×F-20 exhibited highest selection index value of 68.15, this cross combination possessed ultra-high oleic acid content of 91.97 percent. The 30 promising high oleic hybrids along with four check hybrids were evaluated to assess the stability in three diverse locations across Karnataka during rabi/summer 2020-21 (December to March) and rabi 2021(September to December) seasons. Among the 30 high oleic hybrids evaluated, one cross combination, CMS 903A×K-11 exhibited stable expression of high oleic acid content (73.5%), along with stable high yield and oil content over both the seasons and three locations. The identification of this hybrid combination served the purpose of this study to derive the most stable high oleic hybrid with high yield.
