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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING (PTGS) OF TOMATO LEAF CURL VIRUS (ToLCV) IN TOMATO(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) K. KRISHNAMURTHY; P. U. KRISHNARAJTomato, an economically important crop in many countries is plagued by many viral diseases including leaf curl caused by Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) belonging to the genus begomovirus. Begomoviruses are small circular, single stranded DNA plant viruses. Yield losses usually vary from 28-92% making tomato cultivation unprofitable. Genetically engineering resistance is a viable alternative is to genetically engineer tomato for protection against ToLCV. PTGS/RNAi is a novel gene regulatory mechanism that limits the transcript level by either suppressing transcription or by activating a sequence-specific RNA degradation process. We have cloned and characterized ToLCV-coat protein (TCP), replicase (TRP) and suppressor of PTGS (TRS) genes from a Dharwad local isolate. Constructs have been developed using all the three genes for the available gene silencing strategies viz., sense (s), antisense (as), ihp (sas) and HUTR (heterologous 3'-untranslated region). Coat protein (TCP) gene has been cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic system. As a comparative study plant expression vectors carrying TCP, TRP and TRS gene following different strategies were used for transgenic development through Agrobacterium. Analysis of putative To-transgenics showed positive for PCR, GUS. Dot blot and Southern blot analysis. Semi-quantitative PGR analysis of plants from TRP constructs showed drastic reduction in the virus inoculum compared to non-transgenic plants. The Ti-generataion transgenic plants obtained from TRP constructs were positive for PCR and Dot blot analysis. Among different strategies tested for resistance to ToLCV in transgenics, those with sas/ihp construct showed significant resistance against ToLCV followed by HUTR, antisense (as) and sense (s). Similarly, among the three different genes tested, silencing was more in TRS constructs followed by TRP and TCP.ThesisItem Open Access MAPPING OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (SSRS) AND MARKER-ASSISTED INTROGRESSION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTLS) FOR STAY-GREEN IN SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L). MOENCH](University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) KASSAHUN BANTTE BISETEGN; Dr. M.S. KURUVINASHETTIWith the objective of increasing the marker density in the linkage map of the stay-green mapping population, ninety four individuals from N13 x E36-1 sorghum recombinant inbred population were genotyped with 78 EST-SSR makers and 55 markers (70%) gave reliable and scorable amplification. The genotypic data from these markers was integrated with the genotypic data of 164 previously mapped RFLP, AFLP, RAPD and SSR markers to produce the genetic maps. The genetic map constructed has a total length of 2838 cM. The number of EST-SSR markers mapped per linkage group ranged from 2 (linkage group H) to 9 (linkage group F). Some of the markers such as Xisep0841, Xisep0733, and Xisep0938 mapped in the stay-green QTL regions making them good candidate markers to be used in fine mapping of the QTLs and marker-assisted selection of the stay-green trait. In a marker-assisted backcrossing programme, four stable stay-green QTLs {StgB, Stgl, Stg3 and Stg4) were selected to be transferred from the slay-green donor parent (B35) to the senescent recurrent parent (R16). After two additional marker-assisted backcrossing and two selling generations, four backcross families with single {Stgl, Stg3, Sg4 and StgB) and five backcross families with double putative QTL^ {Stg1+Stg3, Stg1+Stg4, Stg3+Stg4, Stg3-hStgB and Stg4+StgB) have been selected. Previously generated, early generation stay-green introgression lines (BC2F2/BC1F3) were evaluated for their agronomic and stay-green related characters under well watered and water-stress conditions both in field (in the post rainy season) and greenhouse condition for two seasons. Among the introgression lines, RSG 04001/RSG 05001 was found to be the most promising line both in terms of its grain yield and stay-green related characters. Besides high % green leaf area, the stay-green genotypes had high chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen concentration compared with the senescent lines showing the relationships among these traits. The correlations of relative grain yield to relative % GLA in the stress environments was highly significant (R^= 0.47 in 2004-05 and R^= 0.77 in 2005-06) indicating the contribution of stay green to grain yield.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY OF DIFFERENT RABIES GLYCOPROTEIN GENE AND OPTIMIZING THE EXPRESSION AND IMMUNOGENICITY SCHEDULE OF THE RABIES GLYCOPROTEIN PRODUCED IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2006-09-08) NAGESHA, N.; P.H.RAMANJINI, GOWDANo AbstractThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF MOLICULAR MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH SILICON ACCUMULATION AND YILED TRAITS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-05-21) SAJAD, MAJEEB ZARGAR; DREETHA PRASADNo AbstractThesisItem Open Access Molecular Characterization and Expression of Coat Protein and Movement protein of Tobacco Streak Virus Infecting Crop Plants(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2009-09-16) USHA RANI T.R.; Dr. T. H. AshokNo AbstractThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH SILICON ACCUMULATION AND YIELD TRAITS IN AEROBICALLY GROWN RICE {Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2007-05-21) ZARGAR, SAJAD MAJEED; Theertha Prasad, DRice is life for almost half of the Earth's population. Silicon is the second most abundant element in earth s crust. Silicon has been found to give resistance against various abiotic and biotic stresses in rice. Eighty five diverse rice genotypes were used in the present study and evaluated under aerobic conditions. Various yield related observations were taken and a significant difference among the genotypes for various yield parameters was observed. These diverse rice genotypes were assessed for silicon accumulation in different plant parts sampled at different stages. Many RAPD markers and few SSR markers were found associated with various yield traits. Single Marker Analysis (SMA) established putative association of six RAPD markers with grain weight among which OPD3500 showed 6.10% and OPB81000 showed 4.88% putative association and are having positive parameter estimate (PE) values. SMA also established association of 8 RAPD markers with number of panicles per plant among which OPA9io5o showed 7.43% and OPE1i65o showed 5.19% putative association both having positive PE values. RAPD marker OPC14i9oo contributed 3.89% for silicon accumulation in leaves at flowering stage, OPD9i4oo contributed 5.71% for silieon accumulation in leaves at maturity stage while OPE7i9oo, OPEI700 and OPB81200 contributed 6.50%, 7.02% and 5.27% respectively and were found putatively associated with grain silicon content. By using Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis (SMRA) a good number of markers were found out contributing for studied traits. For diversity studies NTYSIS programme was used, mean value of Jaccard s coefficient of similarity for all the pairwise comparisons was 0.75 and the average polymorphic information content of 0.26 was observed. The results showing putative association of various markers with different traits using SMA and SMRA can be validated using various mapping populations like RILs, NlLs, DH etc. and can be used as potential markers in marker assisted selection for the crop improvementThesisItem Open Access Induction of Programmed cell death in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell lines and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strainYPH-500 against various apoptotic stimuli(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2008-02) LAKSHMANA REDDY, DC; Mathew, M KProgrammed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental cellular process conserved in metazoans, plants and yeast. Our results suggested that hydrogen peroxide, heat and salinity induces PCD in tobacco bright yellow-2 cell lines and yeast strain YPH 500; these results are comparable to earlier reports. In tobacco BY-2 cell lines, hydrogen peroxide induces programmed cell death at 10mM concentration and typical features of PCD like membrane blebbing, DNA fragmentation, ROS rise and MMP loss were observed. Vacuole morphology varied during PCD process against H2O2, heat and salinity stresses. l. PCD observed in yeast against H2O2, heat and salinity stresses with typical hallmarks like DNA fragmentation, ROS rise and MMP loss. The concentration of H2O2 required in yeast is lower than the tobacco cells. In case of salinity, yeast requires higher (1.5M) as against 200mM in tobacco cells; there is no difference in induction of PCD with respect to heat stress in both systems. The death percentages were reduced by pre incubating yeast cells with calcium and ROS chelator and scavengers respectively. In yeast cells, elevation of ROS levels was observed against NaCl and heat stress and the elevation of cytosolic calcium levels was observed against H2O2 and NaCl stress. The rise of calcium levels was reduced by pre incubation with EGTA. The rise of calcium levels is less in H2O2 stress compare to saline stress. The reduction in percentage of cell death was observed in yeast cells against H2O2, Heat and NaCl by preincubation with scavengers. TEMPOL and Glutathione reduce cell death against H2O2 and Heat, where as EGTA reduces cell death against H2O2, Heat and NaC In our study, results conclude, both tobacco BY-2 cell and yeast cells exhibit substantially similar PCD characters against H2O2, Heat and NaCl stressesThesisItem Open Access TAGGING GENETIC DETERMINANTS FOR NUT WEIGHT AND SHELLING PERCENTAGE IN CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2009-02-10) SUNIL KUMAR, N; ASHOK, T HCashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is one of the important plantation crops in India, cultivated in the east and west coasts. It is a member of the family Anacardiaceae and native of Brazil. Cashew was introduced into India in the 16th century by the Portuguese (De Coata, 1578). From India, it was carried eastward to Amboina in Indonesia (Rumphius, 1962). Dispersal of the species to South-East Asia appears to have been carried by birds, bats, monkeys and human agents (Burkill, 1935; Johnson, 1973). Though cashew was originally introduced as a soil binder, in recent years it has assumed a pre-eminent position in Indian economy as the leading foreign exchange earner. During 2007- 2008 cashew was grown in 8,68,000 ha in India with an annual production of 665000 MT, with a productivity of 860 kg per hectare. Apart from kernels, by-products of cashew namely, cashew apple and Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) are potentially important in local and international markets. Cashew nut shell liquid, a naturally occurring phenol, present in the honeycomb structure (mesocarp) between the outer shell (epicarp) and the inner shell (endocarp) of the cashew nut is used in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, brake lining material etc.ThesisItem Open Access TAGGING GENETIC DETERMINANTS FOR NUT WEIGHT AND SHELLING PERCENTAGE IN CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2010-07-03) SUNIL KUMAR, N.; ASHOK, T. H.