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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF RAINFALL IN HAVERI DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) RAGHAVENDRA, C.S.; Gowda, D.M.The amount of rainfall and its pattern is one of the important factors that affect agricultural system. The analysis of rainfall data for long period provide information about pattern and its variability. For this purpose daily rainfall (mm) data pertaining to all taluks of Haveri district were collected from the AICRP on Agro meteorology, UAS, GKVK for the period of 32 years from 1982-2013.68. The average annual rainfall in the district during the study period was found to be 746.32 mm with a coefficient of variation of 21.27 per cent. Sixty eight per cent of the annual rainfall was received from South-West monsoon of which September month received highest amount of rainfall in the district. Mann Kendall test has revealed that all taluks of the district have registered non- significant positive trend. However, two taluks namely Byadgi & Hirekerur were found to have positive significant trend in annual rainfall out of seven taluks. The probability distribution viz., Normal, lognormal, Gamma (1P, 2P, 3P), General extreme value (GEV), Weibull (1P, 2P, 3P), Gumbel and Pareto were fitted for rainfall data of different periods of the district to observe pattern and goodness of fit was tested using Kolmogorov– Smirnov test. From the analysis, Weibull and Normal were found to be best fitted distributions for annual and seasonal rainfall data respectively. For Standard Meteorological Week 23rd to 39th SMW of rainfall data, Gamma, Log-Normal, Weibull and GEV were found to be the best fit distributions.ThesisItem Open Access UNDERSTANDING OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION THROUGH STATISTICAL METHODS IN TUMAKURU DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) POOJA, B.S.; Manjunath, V.Carbon sequestration through biotic technique has many advantages. Hence study has been taken up to understand the carbon sequestration in agricultural crops by considering the twenty-five agricultural crops grown in Tumakuru district. In the present study non-destructive method of estimation of the carbon sequestration was adopted with the help of thirty years taluk-wise data from 1986-87 to 2015-16 on area and production of different crops. To analyze the spatial and temporal disparity in carbon sequestration, twenty-five crops were grouped into six crop groups based on the similarities between them and the study period was divided into three decades. Declining trend was observed in area and production of twenty-five crops considered for the district as a whole, however the estimates of carbon sequestration didn’t show the similar trend. Among the six crop groups considered in the study, cash crops showed high potential in sequestering the carbon, whereas, pulses and oil seeds were less potent in sequestering the carbon. Results clearly indicated the presence of disparity in the carbon sequestration among the crop groups over decades which were tested using the modified Friedman’s two-way analysis. An attempt was also made to analyse the spatial disparity using cluster analysis. To identify the contribution of each crop groups for total spatial variability in carbon sequestration, factor analysis was adopted. Results revealed that, Madhugiri and Sira taluks have substantially contributed for higher carbon sequestration while Tiptur and Turuvekere were clustered under low carbon sequestering taluks based on the crops considered under the study.ThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF CLIMATE ON SILK COCOON PRODUCTION IN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SHILPA, M.; Gowda, D.M.Sericulture is one of the important allied agricultural activities which provides subsidiary income to the farmers and plays an important role in poverty alleviation. Climate is one of the main determinants of silk cocoon production. Even slight variation in climatic factors will adversely affects silk worm growth and interm affects cocoon production. In the present study the monthly data of silk cocoon production and climatic parameters from 2012-13 to 2016-17 were obtained from the six selected locations viz., Kolar, Chikkaballapur, Ramanagara, Chamarajanagara, Mandya and Mysuru districts of Karnataka, in order to study the impact of climatic changes on silk cocoon production. To study the variation in climate change linear trend analysis was done and results indicated that temperature showed a declining trend where as rainfall and relative humidity had Increasing trends which were statistically significant in all six locations under study. Polynomial models were used to ascertain trends in silk cocoon production. The quadratic model was found to be the best fit with moderate R2 values for both multivoltine and bivoltine race cocoon production. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess impact of climate on silk cocoon production separately for multivoltine and bivoltine race. The results revealed that climatic parameters had a significant influence on silk cocoon production. Further, in the multiple regression model the variables rainfall, temperature and relative humidity had a negative impact on cocoon production, which indicates that any changes in values of these variables will have adverse effect on cocoon production.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF GROWTH AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN MAJOR PULSES OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-04-01) MAHESH; Gowda, D.M.A study has been made on growth and technological changes in major pulses of Karnataka. For this study 30 years (1984-2014) of secondary data on area, production and productivity of major pulses viz. Red gram, Bengal gram, Horse gram and Black gram has been collected from the DES, Bangalore. Linear and exponential models were fitted to know the linear and compound growth rate of major pulses separately for period I (1984-1999), Period II (2000-2014) and for combined period. The results of combined period indicated positively significant growth rate in area, production and productivity of Bengal gram, while Horse gram shows negative growth rate. Black gram shows nonsignificant growth rate in production and negative growth rate for area. No significant growth rate was noticed in period I. During period II the yield of Bengal gram per unit area had increased by 40 per cent. Black gram showed a decrease in yield by 34 per cent. In order to show the nature of trend quadratic model was the best fit, among linear, quadratic and cubic models. Based on adjusted R2 and RMSE. An attempt was made to study the technological change in production of pulses in Karnataka through Cobb- Douglas production function for period I, period II and for combined period. Technological change is determined by significant structural break, through Chow test. The study indicated that no technological changes in major pulse production. This suggests that there is a need to improve the production technology for Pulses in Karnataka State.ThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN COFFEE BASED ON VALUE ADDITION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) VARUN, G.; Gowda., D.M.Coffee is the important cash crops in India. In recent years, more importance is given for value addition of coffee in domestic and international markets. In the present study an attempt has been made to understand the growth and structural change in export of Indian value added coffee using data from 2007-08 to 2016-17. Further, an attempt was made to forecast the export shares to major countries using transition probability matrix. Results indicated that the growth rate was found to be positively significant for instant and pooled value added coffee. For major importing countries, the growth rate of instant coffee was found to be positively significant for Turkey, Malaysia, U.S.A, Poland and Indonesia. For ground coffee, the growth rate was found positively significant for Italy, UAE, Singapore and Australia. In case of roasted coffee, it was found to be positively significant for Singapore. Growth rate of pooled value added coffee was found to be positively significant for Turkey, Malaysia, USA, Poland and Indonesia. The results of Markov chain analysis revealed that, Turkey was the most stable importer of instant coffee followed by Russian Federation. Whereas Malaysia, Ukraine and USA were the unstable importing countries. In case of ground coffee Italy was the most stable country followed by USA. Whereas UAE, Ukraine, Finland and Kuwait was found to be unstable importing countries. For pooled value added coffee Russian Federation was the most stable importer followed by Turkey, but the countries like Ukraine, Finland and USA are the unstable importing countries.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY THE GROWTH AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MAJOR OILSEED CROPS OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SIDDAPPA; Gowda, D.M.A study has been made on growth and technological changes in major oilseed crops of Karnataka. For this study the secondary data on area, production and productivity of major oilseed crops have been collected from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics Bangalore for past 30 years (from 1985-86 to 2014-15). Linear and exponential models were fitted to find linear and compound growth rate of major oilseed crops separately for period I (1985-1999), Period II (2000-2015) and for Combine period. The results indicated that, except soybean, all other oilseed crops had negatively significant growth rate.Non-significant growth was observed in case of sunflower and rapeseed-mustard for its area and production during combined period. In case of productivity, LGR and CGR were found to be positively significant for soybean, sunflower, safflower, niger, rapeseed-mustard, sesame and linseed, except groundnut and castor. Cobb-Douglas production function was used to know any technological changes in production of oilseed crops for period I period II and for pooled period. Technological change was determined by significant structural break through Chow test. Except sesame and rapeseed-mustard no other oilseed crops under the study shown technological changes in pooled period. This suggest that there is need to improve the technology in production of oilseed crops in Karnataka State.ThesisItem Open Access A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ARRIVALS AND PRICES OF TOMATO IN MAJOR MARKETS OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-09-11) GOVINDARAJU, H. S.; Gopinath Rao, M.Analysis of agricultural commodity price and market arrivals over time is important to know the fluctuations. It helps to formulate appropriate ways and means for reducing price fluctuations. Hence, trends in arrivals and prices of tomato were studied in selected markets viz., Bengaluru-Urban, Chikkaballapura, Chinthamani, Kolar and Srinivasapura of Karnataka. The secondary monthly data pertaining to arrivals and prices of tomato in the above mentioned five markets was collected from Krishimaratavahini website for the period of 11 years i.e. from 2008 to 2018. Linear and Nonlinear models were used to analyze the trends in arrivals and prices of tomato. The co-integration between markets was analyzed using Johansen’s co-integration test and the pairwise causality between markets was analyzed using Granger causality test. Different forecasting models like Holt’s-Winter Exponential smoothing model and SARIMA models were considered to forecast and to measure the forecast accuracy among different selected models. Trend analysis carried out for arrivals and prices of tomato in different markets revealed that the different trend lines were suitable for different markets. In case of arrivals, quadratic (Bengaluru-Urban & Kolar), exponential (Chikkaballapura & Chinthamani) and cubic (Srinivasapura) models were found to be the best fitted lines. In case of market prices, power (Bengaluru-Urban, Chikkaballapura & Chinthamani) and cubic (Kolar & Srinivasapura) models were fitted best with lower RMSE and higher R2 values. Market co-integration analysis revealed that all the five selected markets were co-integrated and pair-wise co-integration exist between the markets. Different SARIMA models were found suitable for forecasting for different markets.ThesisItem Open Access BEHAVIOUR OF ARRIVALS AND PRICES OF COTTON IN SELECTED MARKETS OF KARNATAKA- A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-08-22) NAGARAJA, Y.; Krishnamurthy, K. N.Cotton is the most important commercial crop grown in India. It is also known as ‘White Gold’. India is the highest producer of cotton in the world followed by USA and China. Karnataka has the fourth position in area and production of cotton in the country. To study the trend, seasonal variation and for forecasting, the monthly data on arrivals and prices of cotton were collected from Vijayapura, Haveri, Raichur and Ranibennur APMCs for the period of 16 years (2003-2018). Two years weekly price data was collected for studying the co-integration of cotton markets. To analyze the trend in arrivals and prices of cotton, linear and nonlinear models were fitted. RMSE and R2 values were considered to check the adequacy of the fitted models. For arrivals of cotton, in few markets linear and in other markets nonlinear models were best fitted. Whereas, for prices of cotton only linear model was best fitted. Ratio to moving average method was used to calculate the seasonal indices of prices of cotton. All the markets showed low prices during peak period of harvest. For forecasting of cotton prices, Holt’s winter and ARIMA models were considered. The estimates of Holt Winter’s model were nonsignificant in all the markets. Different ARIMA models were found suitable in each of the markets. Cointegration test revealed that all the selected markets were co-integrated and they have one Cointegration equation. Pairwise causality also existed between the selected markets.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF STATISTICAL MODELS FOR FORECASTING OF RAINFALL IN METEOROLOGICAL SUBDIVISIONS OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-08-26) NAMRATHA, K. S.; MOHAN KUMAR, T. L.Rainfall is one of most important source of water for agriculture and livelihood. Since it varies over time and space, Indian Meteorological Department classify India into thirty-six meteorological subdivisions based on the rainfall distribution pattern, among which four are in Karnataka namely North Interior Karnataka, South Interior Karnataka, Coastal and Malnad subdivisions. The study has been carried out on the secondary data pertaining to monthly rainfall (mm) collected for each subdivision from AICRP, AgroMeteorology, Bengaluru and KSNDMC for the period from 1968 to 2018. In order to know the rainfall distribution pattern for pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in four different subdivisions, five probability distribution models viz., gamma, Weibull, normal, lognormal and Gumbel were fitted. The study revealed that the Gumbel distributions was found to be best fitted for both pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, and gamma distributions for post-monsoon season. Further, Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimators were used to estimate the trend in rainfall occurrence, results that there is no monotonic trend in rainfall occurrence for different seasons in different subdivisions except for monsoon season of Coastal subdivision, which has downward trend. For forecasting future rainfall occurrence in different subdivisions, Holt-Winter’s exponential smoothing and SARIMA models were employed. The result showed that Holt’s-Winter exponential smoothing models were performed better than SARIMA models for all the subdivisions. Hence, Holt’s-Winter exponential smoothing models can be used for forecasting monthly rainfall in meteorological subdivisions of Karnataka.
