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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar

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2017 - 201912020 - 20221
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Subject: Veterinary Physiology × Author: Krishan Kumar ×
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    Comparative studies on urinary metabotypes and scrotal thermal signatures in normal and cloned Murrah buffalo bulls
    (Lala lajpat rai university Hisar, 2022-10) Krishan Kumar; Malik, Rakesh Kumar; Balhara, Ashok Kumar
    The present study conducted on fourteen Murrah buffalo bulls - ten growing (five each, cloned and normal) and four adult (two each, cloned and normal), evaluated urinary metabolites, skin surface temperatures of different body parts (with particular focus on scrotum) and hemato-biochemical parameters in scrotal thermal signatures in normal and cloned buffalo bulls across four seasons (summer, rainy, autumn and winter) over one year. There was no insignificant difference in body surface temperature of normal and cloned animals except winter season. The scrotal skin surface temperature was significantly high in cloned animals as compare to normal growing (p<0.05) animals. Among different body parts recorded for surface temperatures, the eye temperature had highest correlation with rectal temperature and was also found closed to it at any point of time, suggesting its use as an alternate, non – touch method for recording internal body temperatures. The growth rate and blood-biochemical parameters recorded insignificant differences between normal and cloned animals. 1H-NMR spectroscopy suggested that there are qualitative and quantitative differences in the identified 136-140 urine metabolites, between cloned and normal animals in both groups (i.e. adult and growing). The differences were marked in summer and winter seasons in adult cloned animals. Of the 25 most abundant metabolites identified nine viz. L-arabinitol, xylose, glucose-1-phosphate, uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose), L-isoleucine, L-leucine, methylmalonic acid, keto-leucine and L valine were found in higher concentration in urine of cloned animals. Contrarily, four metabolites of these abundant metabolites viz. myo-inositol, glucuronic acid, taurine and glycine metabolite showed high relative abundance in the normal animals. The functional bioinformatics suggest significant differences in urinary metabolites between cloned and normal animals w.r.t. thermoregulation, energy metabolism, hormone synthesis and degenerative changes. Study also points towards higher scrotal temperature in growing cloned animals. The thermal screening conducted in the study also suggest that ocular temperature can serve as an alternate, non-touch method for estimating internal body temperature in buffaloes
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effects of feed additives rich in essential oils on rumen fermentation, Methanogenesis and nutrient utilization in buffalo
    (LUVAS, 2017) Krishan Kumar; Rose, Manoj Kumar
    Present studies were conducted at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (ICAR-CIRB), Hisar. Four feed additives (Eucalyptus leaves, Poplar leaves, Clove buds and Dalchini bark) rich in essential oils were selected to examine their effects on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and nutrient utilization in buffalo. The extracts were prepared (15 g/ 100 ml) either in petroleum ether or n-hexane by Soxhlet’s apparatus. In in-vitro studies, the production of total gas, methane production, dry matter digestibility, ammonia nitrogen and production of volatile fatty acids were studied. The study revealed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in total gas, methane production, in-vitro dry matter digestibility, ammonia nitrogen and production of volatile fatty acids at high dose (2.0 ml/30ml buffered rumen fluid) as compared to control group. But at low (0.5 ml) and intermediate (1.0 ml) dose level the effects of extracts were comparable to control in all these parameters, with reduction (p<0.05) in methane production. The blends (extracts of poplar leaves, eucalyptus leaves and clove buds) of feed additives examined in this phase also showed a modulation in rumen fermentation with reduction in methane production. An in-vivo trial was conducted to study the effects of selected blend of feed additives on growth and nutrient utilization. Animals were distributed in three groups i.e. CON (basal ration), EOL-1(basal ration + 25 gm each of dry grounded poplar and eucalyptus leaves mixed with concentrate mixture), EOL-2 (Diet same as in control + 75 gm each of dry grounded poplar and eucalyptus leaves mixed with concentrate mixture). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference observed in growth rate and nutrient utilization among the in all treatments. In vivo methane productions were found to be inhibited in both treatment groups, as compared to control group after 3 months of dosing. The heamato-biochemical parameters remained similar (p>0.05) except significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood urea concentration as compared to control group. In conclusion, the essential oil rich feed additives could be used to reduce enteric methane emission and EOL-2 was found to significantly reduced methane production without any adverse effects on digestibility, growth and physiological status of buffaloes.