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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Trend analysis of area, production and trade of major agricultural crops in BRICS countries(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07-22) Sowmya, Ravada; JoginderThe present study was carried out with the objectives: firstly, to identify the trends of area, production and trade of wheat, maize and sugarcane in BRICS countries by using various linear and non linear models. Secondly, to evaluate the contribution of BRICS countries to global pool. For this, we have discussed various linear and non-linear models such as quadratic, cubic, logarithmic, logistic, Gompertz and monomolecular models. The data for area, production and trade of selected crops for the period 1961 to 2019 have been collected from FAOSTAT. The parameters of the selected models were estimated using Levenberg - Marquardt‟s iterative method of non-linear regression. Based on various performance measures such as R2 , RMSE and MAE, best models were fitted among the selected models. Based on these performance measures, we found that cubic and logistic models followed by Gompertz model were well fitted for area, production and trade as compared to other models. Also, the contribution of BRICS countries in area, production, imports and exports of wheat is 24, 27, 46 and 12 percent respectively. In case of maize, the BRICS contributed 28, 24, 25 and 24 percent in area, production, imports and exports respectively and in case of sugarcane, the contribution of BRICS countries is 48, 49, 29 and 64 percent in area, production, imports and exports respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Composting of paddy straw using additives along with microbial consortia(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Vijay Kumar; Saharan, Baljeet SinghIn the present investigation, about 26 isolates (10 bacterial and 16 fungal isolates) available in Soil Microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology CCS HAU Hisar, were screened for enzyme activities including cellulase, xylanase, laccase and biosurfactant production. In case of bacterial isolates, maximum cellulose hydrolysis index (5.33) was exhibited by RC13.1 and RC3.5 isolate on CMC agar plate. Isolate RC13.1 has also shown maximum xylan hydrolysis index (4.43) laccase and biosurfactant production. In case of fungal isolates, (maximum cellulase (3.28), xylanase (2.32), laccase (qualitatively) was exhibited by H2, H3 and H16 isolates, respectively. H16 isolate also exhibited maximum biosurfactant production confirmed by oil displacement. The bacterial isolate, M2 showed maximum CMCase (0.33 IU/ml), Fpase activity (0.52 IU/ml) activity and second highest xylanase (7.63 IU/ml) and followed by laccase activity (5.2 IU/ml). In case of fungal isolates, maximum CMCase (0.31 IU/ml), and Fpase activity (0.42 IU/ml) were exhibited by H2 isolate. While isolates H3 and H16 showed maximum xylanase (16.11 IU/ml) and laccase (8.4 IU/ml) activities. Based on these activities and compatibility to each other, two bacterial (M2 and RC13.1) and three fungal (H2, H3 and H16) isolates were used for microbial consortium. Microbial consortium along with additives including FYM, cattle dung, poultry manure and mustard cake was analyzed for paddy straw degradation in flasks, trays, and pits. Treatment T5 having paddy straw + microbial consortium + poultry manure was recorded with lowest total organic carbon and maximum potassium content. Maximum total nitrogen and phosphorus content was observed in treatment T6 having paddy straw + microbial consortium along mustard cake after 90 days of composting. All the treatments having additives along with microbial consortium, had significantly higher microbial activity (dehydrogenase), humic substances and better pH, EC and germination index. On the basis of selected morphological and biochemical characters, the isolates RC13.1 and M2 were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp., respectively. Based on morphological characteristics, fungal isolates H2, H3, H16 were identified as Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus sp. and Phanerochaete sp., respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Drudgery Reducing Technologies and Changes in Life of Farm Women: A Sociological Analysis(CCSHAU, 2022-09) Meenu Singh; Vinod kumariThe present study entitled “Drudgery Reducing Technologies and Changes in Life of Farm Women: A Sociological Analysis.” was carried out with the objectives to identify the drudgery reducing technologies, their knowledge and adoption among farm women and as well as their impact on the life of farm women. The study was carried out Haryana state in two districts Hisar and Mahandragarh with a sample size of 320 respondents. A well framed questionnaire and interview scheduled was followed to conduct the study. The socio-economic profile of respondents indicated that an overwhelming majority was married, in age group of 31-40 years, having small landholdings (2.6-5.0 Acres) and medium level of socio-economic status. About half of the respondents in both the districts were having low level of mass media exposure. A total 10 drudgery reducing farm technologies and 10 drudgery reducing household technologies were identified for investigation. More number of respondents in Hisar district were having high overall knowledge (61.3%) about drudgery reducing farm technologies as compared to Mahendergarh (25.0%). Regarding household technology, more than half of the respondents (52.5%) were having moderate overall knowledge about household technology. Women farmers in Hisar district were having high level of extent of adoption (64.4%) of drudgery reducing farm technologies as compared to those in Mahendergarh (25.0%). Majority of respondents (91.2%) in both the districts revealed that the technologies helped them in reducing time and efforts. About two-third of the respondents from both districts also reported that the technologies reduced muscular fatigue and pain and provided comfortable working postures. Regarding overall impact of the drudgery reducing technologies, 37.8% women reported high impact level of farm technologies followed by moderate (34.7%) and low (27.5%) while in case household technologies, 37.5% women reported high impact followed by moderate (32.5%) and low (30.0%). It was found various socio-economic variables were having significant association with knowledge, adoption and impact of drudgery reducing technologies. Lack of freedom in decision making, technologies in purview of men and financial constraints were the factors that worked as a barrier in adoption of drudgery reducing technology. It was concluded that keeping in view the benefits of drudgery reducing technologies to farm women there is need to enhance their knowledge with training/intervention for more adoption of these technologies in future.ThesisItem Open Access Cultural studies and genetic approaches for management of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn f. sp. sasakii (Exner) causing banded leaf and sheath blight in maize(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Poonam Kumari; Prashant Kumar ChauhanThe necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the highly destructive soil-borne pathogen distributed worldwide, responsible for causing banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) in maize. In Haryana, BLSB is the major constraint of maize, in reducing the yield during kharif season. Keeping in view the enormous losses caused by the disease and its regular appearance in severe form the present investigation has been devised on cultural, morphological and molecular variability among different isolates of pathogen collected from major maize growing regions of Haryana. Eighteen isolates of R. solani associated with maize crop were collected from different locations of Haryana and nearby of New Delhi. The variations among isolates in colony diameter, growth rate, growth pattern, colony colours, texture, hyphal characters, number of nuclei, sclerotial characters including position, colour, texture, size, number, weight and honey dew were observed in all the isolates and are grouped on the basis of variations exhibited. The hierarchical cluster analysis differentiated all R. solani isolates into five major cluster (C1- C5) based on cultural, sclerotial and morphological characters. Molecular analysis confirmed that all the isolates belonged to R. solani species and all isolates exhibited relation with anastomosis subgroup AG1-IA. The results of study confirmed that anastomosis subgroup AG1-IA belongs to maize crop causing BLSB disease is the most predominant and geographically distributed in Haryana and nearby location of New Delhi. Pathological study revealed that nine maize genotypes viz. HKI 161, HKI 163, HKI 164-7-6, HKI 193-2, HKI 194-7, HKI 288-2, HKI 488, HKI 1128 and IQPMH-18-2 were resistant for BLSB. The results clearly depicted that high genetic diversity exist among the genotypes of maize and polymorphism on the basis of SSR markers was observed. Molecular analysis differentiated thirty-eight maize genotypes into two main clusters viz. cluster-I and cluster-II with similarity coefficient 61%. The cluster-II consisted of only one genotype HKI 1653 SER-4 which was observed as the most diverse genotype among all the thirty-eight genotypes. Two SSR markers phi035 and bnlg1065 were identified as specific to resistance for BLSB. Present study revealed the existence of high variability in R. solani isolates at cultural, morphological and genetic level. The variability was present among the maize genotypes for resistance against R. solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight in maize and all R. solani isolates of BLSB belongs to anastomosis subgroup AG1-IA.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of mineral solubilizing bacteria and fly ash application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop(2022-08) Savita RaniCoal is a predominant source of global energy and contributes about 38% of the total energy production worldwide. Fly ash is one of the by-products generated in thermal power plants. Fly ash has been shown to have the potential to improve soil as well as crop health. Efforts are being made to study its compatibility with soil microflora by incorporating in soil in certain fixed proportions. Fly ash application along with mineral solubilizing bacteria can be explored to cut down the use of chemical fertilizers for achieving high crop productivity. Fly ash used in present investigation had grey color, sandy texture, alkaline pH, with trace amount of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron. A total of 75 bacterial isolates were retrieved from fly ash contaminated soil by dilution and plating, out of which 21 bacterial isolates (MSB1-MSB21) exhibited zone of clearance on Pikovskaya’s, modified Aleksandrov and Zinc minimal medium. Maximum solubilization index for isolate MSB1 and MSB2 was 4.60 and 4.94 for phosphorous, 3.23 and 4.13 for potassium and 4.32 and 4.71 for zinc respectively. All twenty one MSB isolates were found to be IAA producers in the range of 0.12-9.82 μg/ml. Thirteen MSB isolates showed HCN production and five isolates were observed as siderophore producers. On the basis of biochemical characterization and partial 16S rDNA sequencing, the isolate MSB1 exhibited 98.28% similarity with Bacillus safensis strain FO-36b and isolate MSB2 was showing 99.68% similarity with Brevundimonas vesicularis strain Busing. The viable count of bacterial isolate MSB2 in nutrient broth amended with fly ash increased with increase in fly ash from 0.5 to 3.0% and decreased with further increase in fly ash concentration upto five percent. Maximum viable count of MSB2 was observed as 8.68 log cfu/ml at 3% fly ash concentration after 72h of incubation. Similarly, the bacterial isolate MSB2 survived in soil amended with 3% fly ash concentration with viable count 7.83 log cfu/g after 72h of incubation that decreased with increase in fly ash concentration and incubation time. Under pot house conditions, fly ash amendment in soil at 3% concentration and wheat seeds treated with culture of MSB2 resulted improved plant growth in terms of shoot weight, root weight and yield in terms of no. of seeds, no. of spikes, no. of tillers and seed weight in comparison with control. According to the findings of this study, fly ash (3%) combined with mineral solubilizing bacterium can be used to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer for achieving high crop yieldThesisItem Open Access A study on simulation techniques for queuing problems(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12-07) Monika; Poonia, HemantAn important branch of Operations Research (OR) is Queuing Theory is also known as theory of waiting lines. The waiting time management plays a crucial role in today‟s competitive arena for optimizing the resources of an organization. The study on “A Study on Simulation Techniques for Queuing Problems” was planned to develop a Monte Carlo queuing model for assessment of queues and to analyze the waiting time in the warehouse. The arrival and service data for a season was gathered from a Warehouse in Tohana, Haryana. The model was used to analyze the queue characteristics like average arrival rate, average waiting time in queue, time spends in system and queue length or average number of conveyors in queue. It was found that the average number of arrivals was 2.6 conveyors/hr, number of customers waiting to be served in the queue were 14, the waiting time of the conveyors in the queue was 5.4 hrs and average time spends in the system was 5.8 hrs. The adequacy of developed model was tested using Little‟s law and it was found that the arrival rate obtained from the warehouse data is approximately same as the arrival rate achieved from the simulation.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis of tin disulphide (SnS2) and its characterization(CCSHAU, HISAR, 2022-07) Deepika Rani; Vinay KumarThe utilization of two dimensional materials in electronic and optical appliances is increasing day by day because of their excellent properties which can be utilized in various applications. The goal of the current study is to synthesize tin disulphide by low cost, wet chemical method at room temperature. To investigate its morphology, size, structure, and optical characteristics, different characterization techniques were used including FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, FESEM. FTIR spectra show Sn-S and S-S stretching vibrations which provide verification for the fabrication of SnS2. The band gap obtained from PL spectrum was found almost of the same order as obtained from UV-Vis spectrum. FESEM pictures represent the well-defined spherical morphology of the prepared SnS2. The XRD outcomes show the crystalline nature of the SnS2.Institutional PublicationsItem Open Access Different Systems for Fish Culture(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021) Gulati, Rachna; Dharambir Singh; Ahalavat, Shikha; College of Fisheries ScienceThesisItem Open Access Variation among Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh clonal plantations for growth and development for attack of insect-pests and diseases(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-12) Rajat Swami; Beniwal, R.S.The present investigation entitled “Variation among Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh clonal plantations for growth and development for attack of insect-pests and diseases” was carried out at two sites, namely CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and Chhachhrauli block of Yamunanagar from June, 2021 to June, 2022. The growth and development of poplar for the observed period regarding height was seen maximum in WSL-110 (6.30 m) and GBH in WSL-83 (16.33 cm). The maximum susceptibility and incidence of leaf defoliator was seen in the clone WSL-83 with 40.97% leaf damage and 7.51 larvae/plant in 2nd fortnight of October at both the sites. The maximum incidence of stem borer was seen in the 1st fortnight of March in WSL-111 (3.08 holes/stem), whereas the maximum infection of leaf spot (60.94%) was seen in the clone WSL-110 during the 2nd fortnight of October at both the sites. The growth and development were maximum in clone WSL-110 and WSL-83, but for the incidence and susceptibility of the poplar to leaf defoliator, stem borer and leaf spot; the criteria identified viz. current annual increments in height and girth coupled with the occurrence of larvae/plant, holes/stem and leaf infection are the valuable parameters which may be given due importance for raising poplar successfully for plywood purposes.
