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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of advanced wheat lines for stripe rust resistance and grain quality(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Bhawna; Bhawna; Yadav, Neelam R.; Yadav, Neelam R.Biofortification of staple foods like wheat without any yield penalty is of utmost importance. Advanced lines introgressed with Gpc-B1 allele were used in the study. The Gpc-B1 allele co-segregated with Yr36 yellow rust resistance gene in all the advanced lines. All WH711-derived advanced wheat lines confirmed for the Yr36/Gpc-B1 allele. Seven advanced lines (WL-8-1, WL-8-2, WL-8-3, WL-8-5, WL-8-6, WL-8-7, WL-8-8) were confirmed for Yr18 while six advanced lines (WL-8-1, WL-8-2, WL-8- 6, WL-8-7, WL-8-8, WL-8-9) were positive for Yr17 gene. All five PBW343-derived advanced lines confirmed for the Yr36/Gpc-B1 allele presence. Three advanced lines (PL-8-2, PL-8-3, PL-8-4) displayed the presence of the Yr18 gene. Two advanced lines (Pl-8-3, PL-8-5) confirmed presence of the Yr17 gene. All the advanced wheat lines derived from WH711 as well as from PBW343 displayed very high levels of resistance against yellow rust and better agronomic characteristics than the parents. Positive correlation was observed in yield and yield related traits. The hectoliter weights of PBW343-derived lines indicated their superiority in terms of good flour recovery than PBW343 and comparable to the checks. WH711- and PBW343- derived advanced wheat lines show better gluten quality and high quantity in sedimentation test. Gpc-B1 allele introgression provided high GPC in WH711 derived advanced wheat lines. Iron and zinc contents of both WH711-derived and PBW343-derived advanced wheat lines were at par when compared to either parent and checks, indicating successful bio fortification of both micronutrients. Two of the WH711-derived lines are being further tested in IPPSN/station trials.ThesisItem Open Access ―Phenotypic and molecular characterization of HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 F5 and backcross generations for salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell”(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Saini, Pooja; Yashveer, ShikhaSoil salinity is emerging environmental stress that reduces rate of germination, delays emergence and affects almost all stages of growth and development of wheat plants which ultimately leads to reduction in grain yield of crop.The present investigation focused on phenotypic and molecular characterization of selected wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)genotypes of F5 and backcross (BC1F4, BC2F3, BC3F1) generations derived from HD 2967 X Kharicha 65 for salinity tolerance on the basis of presence of both Nax loci and their agronomic performance at salt stress level 8 dS/m. A total of 92 plants confirmed the presence of Nax1 locus at a band size of 210 bp consisting of 16 F5, 41 BC1F3, 9 BC2F2 and 27 BC3F1, a total of 53 plants confirmed the presence of Nax2 locus at a band size of 225 bp comprising of 6 F5, 35 BC1F4, 8 BC2F3 and 4 BC3F1.Overall, plants comprising of 6 F5,26 BC1F4, and 4 BC3F1 of HD 2967 x Kharchia 65were found to have both the Nax loci. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations, 56 high yielding plants were selected for genotyping using polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 180 SSR primers were used to study the polymorphism between parents HD 2967 and Kharchia 65, out of which 27 SSR primers showed polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value in the studied genotyped ranged from 0.191 (xgwm480) to 0.425 (wmc3) with an average value of 0.339. Cluster tree analysis using NTSYS-pc software, F5 and backcross (BC1F4, BC2F3, BC3F1) generations showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent HD 2967 representing higher similarity with HD 2967. From above analysis, high grain yielding and salt tolerant plants were selected such as plant number 259Q3c, 271Q3c (F5); 202P9b, 303P2b and 202P3b (BC1F4); 241R2c and 243R1a (BC2F3); 25(3)1b and 24(1)1c (BC3F1) and these plants could be further backcrossed with the parent HD 2967 to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.ThesisItem Open Access Performance evaluation of tractor drawn straw reaper for paddy straw(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Ujala; Saroha, AnilRice (Oryza sativa) is one of the leading and widely cultivated cereal crops in the world. India has the world‟s largest area under rice with 43 million ha and is the second largest producer next only to China with production of 104 million tonnes during 2015-16. The productivity of rice was around 24q ha-1 during the agricultural year 2015-16 (Anonymous, 2017). The tractor drawn paddy straw reaper was evaluated at farmers field in Ludas village of Hisar district for optimization of machine parameters viz., cylinder speed (550, 750 and 950 rpm), forward speed (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 km h-1) and crop parameter viz., straw moisture content (20.4 to 49.5 %) in relation to field capacity, field efficiency, fuel consumption, straw size, straw recovery and straw split percentage for paddy varieties Pusa-1121 and Pusa-44. For the paddy variety Pusa-1121 the field capacity, field efficiency, fuel consumption and power consumption at optimum conditions were 0.23 ha h-1, 66.37%, 5.33 l ha-1 and 21.82 kW, respectively. The straw size, straw recovery and straw split at optimum condition were 3.30 cm, 65.11 % and 89.11 %, respectively. Similarly for paddy variety Pusa-44, the field capacity, field efficiency, fuel consumption and power consumption at optimum conditions were 0.20 ha h-1, 59.45%, 5.67 l ha-1 and 23.70 kW, respectively. The straw size, straw recovery and straw split at optimum condition were 3.46 cm, 62.89 % and 86.23 %, respectively. Moisture content of 20.4-20.8 per cent, forward speed of 1.5 km h-1 and cylinder speed of 950 rpm was found optimum for paddy varieties Pusa-1121 and Pusa-44. The cost of operation was Rs 5190 ha-1and Rs 6112 ha-1 in Pusa-1121 and Pusa-44 variety, respectively. The machine was found economically feasible for the farmer‟s.ThesisItem Open Access Ergonomic assessment and physiological cost analysis of power weeder(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Sonam; Jain, MukeshThe experimental study on “Ergonomic assessment and physiological cost analysis of power weeder” was conducted in two crops i.e. cotton and sugarcane. The soil and environmental parameters were recorded at two different weeding intervals in cotton (40 days after sowing and 60 days after sowing) and sugarcane (30 days after sowing and 60 days after sowing) crop. The weeding efficiency and physiological parameters like heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature etc. was measured during the experiment. The machine parameters like actual field capacity and field efficiency were recorded. Physiological cost was estimated on the basis of Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) and Energy Expenditure Rate (EER). The maximum values of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were recorded to be 1.05 l/min and 1.09 l/min at forward speed of 2.09 km/h in cotton and sugarcane crop, respectively. The maximum energy expenditure rate (EER) was recorded at highest speed of operation i.e. 2.09 km/h and it was 22.8 kJ/min in cotton field and 21.9 kJ/min in sugarcane field. Vibration was highest at x-axis of left handle i.e. 13.3 m/s2 in cotton and 13.7 m/s2 in sugarcane at highest speed of operation i.e. 2.09 km/h. The highest weeding efficiency recorded was 82% (second weeding) in cotton and 87% (second weeding) in sugarcane. Total dust particle concentration was highest at maximum speed of operation. Particles ranging between 10 μm and 32 μm had highest concentration in the environment which was 14527.1 μg/m3 during weeding operation in cotton crop and 14894.7 μg/m3 in sugarcane crop which was more than the prescribed limit of 100 μg/m3 according to the standards given by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of India. Noise level ranged between 62 dB to 74 dB and it was highest at highest speed i.e. 2.09 km/h. The maximum heart rate recorded during weeding operation was 156 beats per min in cotton field whereas in sugarcane field it was found 151 beats per min after 30 minutes of operation. The cost of operation was calculated to be Rs. 287 per hour and Rs. 2662 per hectare. The maximum body temperature attained during the experiment was found to be approx. 98.8 ºF in both the crop i.e. cotton and sugarcane. The maximum systolic blood pressure recorded was 134 mm/Hg in cotton and 135 mm/Hg in sugarcane crop at a forward speed of 2.09 km/h after 30 minutes of operation.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of seed rate for late sown wheat genotypes(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-07) Nasrullah; Dhaka, A. KA field experiment entitled “Optimization of seed rate for late sown wheat genotypes” was conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at wheat research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was comprised of three wheat genotypes viz. WH 1124, HD 3059 and DBW 90 as main plot treatments and five seed rates viz. 100.0 kg/ha, 112.5 kg/ha, 125.0 kg/ha, 137.5 kg/ha and 150.0 kg/ha as sub plot treatments. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. Based on the one year research investigation it was concluded that genotypes and seed rates significantly affected growth, yield attributes and yield of late sown wheat. Among genotypes, WH 1124 was found most suitable and economical wheat genotype for late sown condition, which was recorded with significantly higher biological yield (11858 kg/ha), grain yield (4843 kg/ha), effective tillers/mrl (85.2), grains per spike (53.5), boldest grain (38.7 g), LAI at 90 DAS (4.54), dry matter accumulation/mrl (153.4 g), plant height (98.2 cm), net returns (Rs. 52735/ha) and B: C (1.68) at harvest. Among seed rates, highest seed rate of 150 kg/ha was found optimum to obtain higher yield and economical performance for late sown wheat. Yield attributes except effective tillers/mrl were reduced significantly with increase of seed rate from 100 – 150 kg/ha. Seed rate of 150 kg/ha being statistically at par with 125 and 137.5 kg/ha was recorded with significantly higher biological yield (11900 kg/ha), grain yield (4909 kg/ha), effective tillers/mrl (86.5), LAI at 90 DAS (4.50), dry matter accumulation/mrl (153.6 g), plant height (98.4 cm), net returns (Rs. 52906/ha) and B: C (1.68) at harvest, which were 6.2, 9.7, 9.1, 23.0, 8.8, 3.6, 18.9 and 6.3 per cent higher over 100 kg/ha seed rate, respectively. So, wheat genotype WH 1124 should be sown with a seed rate of 150 kg/ha to obtain maximum yield and economics in late sown condition.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of wheat germplasm for grain yield, quality traits and functional markers(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-08) Verma, Priyanka; Yashveer, ShikhaIn the present study, 98 wheat genotypes were characterized for grain yield, quality traits and functional markers. The wheat genotypes were sown in RBD (Randomized Block Design) design in two replications in the field of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) during Rabi, 2018-2019 for the evaluation of nine yield and its component characters viz. plant height, number of effective tiller per meter, spike length, number of grain per spike, number of spikelet per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plot, biological yield per plot. The values of GCV were lower than their corresponding PCV for all the characters studied, indicated the negligible effect of environment on the development of plants. The highest value for GCV and PCV was observed on biological yield per plot (18.09 & 19.18 %) followed by harvest index (15.76 & 16.04 %) and number of grains per spike (14.29 & 14.60 %), respectively. Heritability for broad sense (h2) showed highest for harvest index (96.50 %) followed by number of grains per spike (95.90 %) and biological yield per plot (89%). Genetic advance as 5% of mean was observed highest for biological yield (35.17%) and harvest index (31.89%), indicating a good scope for improvement in grain yield and its component characters. Grain yield per plot was highly and significantly positive correlated with number of effective tillers per plot (0.448), spike length (0.551), number of grains per spike (0.611), number of spikelets per spike (0.588), 1000 grain weight (0.585), biological yield per plot (0.805) and harvest index (0.113). Path analysis revealed that biological yield per plot had the maximum direct positive effect on grain yield per plot (0.600) followed by harvest index (0.573), whereas, all traits contributed indirectly towards grain yield per plot via biological yield per plot except plant height (-0202). The grain yield component traits viz. biological yield per plot, harvest index and number of grains per spike were showing high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as 5% of mean. Thus, these component traits may be used in wheat breeding programme for further improvement in grain yield. For characterization of quality traits, various biochemical attributes were analyzed viz. protein content, mineral (Fe, Zn), phytates, gluten content, amylose content, amylopectin content, hectolitre weight and sedimentation value. Protein content ranged from 9.4 to 15.2 per cent with mean of 12.2 per cent, iron content from 21.3 to 39.3 mg/kg with mean of 29.3 mg/kg, zinc content from.15.7 to 40.70 mg/kg with mean of 29.60 mg/kg, phytates (μg/g) from 4816.0 to 8757.3 (μg/g) with mean of 7008.5 μg/g, wet gluten content from 8.00 to 37.90 per cent with mean of 24.20 per cent, dry gluten content ranged from 3.00 to 14.11 per cent with mean of 10.96 per cent, total soluble sugar content from 0.86 to 6.16 per cent with mean of 3.05 per cent, starch content from 49.8 to 69.4 per cent with mean of 56.7 per cent, amylose content from 3.02 to 8.45 per cent with mean of 5.48 per cent, amylopectin content from 49.36 to 68.97 per cent with mean of 56.17 per cent, hectolitre weight from 72.0 to 87.30 kg/hl with mean of 80.10 kg/hl, sedimentation value from 19 to 41 ml with mean of 31.2 ml. For functional marker analysis, a total of 6 functional markers were used showed amplificationThesisItem Open Access Varietal evaluation of guava for morpho-physiological traits under semi-arid condition of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019) Parveen; Sharma, Jeet RamA field experiment was conducted at the guava demonstration centre, Bhuna (Fatehabad), Haryana. Fifteen varieties having a wide range of variability in growth, flowering, fruit, and qualitative traits were studied in Randomized Block Design. Results showed that among the varieties, Allahabad Safeda showed early initiation and ending of flower in rainy season, while, in winter season it was showed by Hisar Safeda. Late flowering initiation and ending was showed by Pant Parbhat in rainy season, whereas, in winter season scattering flower is continous in Lalit, KG Guava, Pant Parbhat and Shweta varieties of guava. KG Guava had the maximum plant height, plant spread, foliage density, fruit length, fruit diameter (width) and fruit weight, while, minimum plant height and spread was found in Banarsi Surkha. Minimun leaf internodes distance was found in KG Guava. Pant Parbhat had maximum internodes distance in branch during both the season and minimum was showed by Barf Khana. Allahabad Safeda had minimum fruit length, fruit diameter (width) and fruit weight. Maximum TSS, TSS:Acid ratios and minimum titratable acidity was observed in Hisar Safead. L-49 had maximum ascorbic acid content during both the seasons. Phyllotaxy in selected varieties found from decussate to opposite type. Leaf shape varied from elliptical, oblong, ovate and trullate type in selected varieties. Mature leaf color varied from green, light green and dark green. In case of fruit shape and surface maximum varieties showed round type of fruit shape and smooth fruit surface, respectively. Pulp color in selected varieties varied from white, creamy-white to pink. In case of fruit skin color, maximum varieties showed yellowish-green color of fruit skin.ThesisItem Open Access ISSR Markers Based Genetic Diversity Analysis in Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) CF Liang et AR Ferguson) Genotypes(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-09) Jhilta, Agrim; Kharb, PushpaKiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) CF Liang et AR Ferguson) (2n=6x=174) also known as Chinese goose berry and the horticultural wonder of New Zealand, is a commercially important crop and a very good source of Vitamin C. The present study was undertaken for assessing genetic diversity in Kiwifruit genotypes using ISSR primers and for identification of any probable ISSR marker linked to sex in Kiwifruit genotypes. A total of seven genotypes of Kiwifruit were used that included two male (Tomuri and Allison (M)) genotypes and five female genotypes (Allison, Abbott, Bruno, Hayward, Monty). Genomic DNA was isolated from young leaves of Kiwifruit genotypes. For molecular analysis 104 ISSR primers were screened, out of which 24 ISSR primers amplified and were polymorphic. These were employed for genetic diversity analysis and identification of genotype. Among these polymorphic ISSRs, eight ISSRs were found to identify selected genotypes on the basis of unique amplicons. IS7, IS11, IS93, IS88, IS114, IS107, IS101 and IS79 could identify genotypes . One SSR marker, A 003 reported earlier was also validated. It could identify Allison (M). Similarity matrices of seven kiwifruit genotypes revealed that similarity value among different genotypes ranged from 0.5298 to 0.7094. A maximum similarity value of 0.7094 was observed between Allison (M) and Tomuri whereas Abott and Allison (F) were found to be most diverse. Molecular analysis showed that Allison (M) and Tomuri were much similar. Abbott was found most diverse when compared to other kiwifruit genotypes. The results of present study can be utilized for sex and genotype identification at seedling stage and in kiwifruit improvement programme.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different nutrient management practices on cotton productivity and fertility of soil(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-06) KOCHAR, DEEPAK; Jakhar, Devender SinghThe field experiment was conducted on Research Farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirsa during kharif season of 2018-19, to study effect of different nutrient management practices on cotton productivity and fertility status of soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with following treatments i.e. T1- Control, T2- RDF on soil test basis (N in three split doses at basal, 45 and 75 DAS), T3- RDN + Azotobacter, T4- 75 %RDN + Azotobacter, T5- 75 %RDN + Azotobacter + 3 foliar spray of 2.5 % Urea, T6- 75 %RDN + 3 foliar spray of 2.5 % Urea, T7- 100 % RDN in four split doses @sowing, 45, 75, 100 DAS and T8- 75 % RDN in four split doses @sowing, 45, 75, 100 DAS + 3 foliar spray of 2.5 % Urea. The treatment were replicated thrice in a net plot area of 6 m x 5 m. Recommended dose of fertilizers and other package of practices were uniformly adopted in all the treatments for growing healthy crop. All foliar sprays were applied from flowering to peak boll formation stage at 10 days interval. The result revealed that the plant population was not significantly affected with different nutrient management treatments. Application of 75 % RDN + 3 foliar spray of 2.5 % urea (T6) recorded highest seed cotton yield (2948.89 kg ha-1), boll weight (4.06 g), seed cotton yield per plant (200.33 g) and number of bolls per plant (49.67). The highest dry matter (87.34,279.40,334.54 and 328.19 g) was in T3 at square formation and flowering stage while at 50 % boll opening it was highest in T2 and at harvesting in T6. Highest uptake on NPK at harvesting was observed in T6. The organic carbon differ non significantly with in treatment and showed a decreasing from square formation to harvesting. The available NPK increase from its initial value and then decreased continuously as the crop reached towards maturity. The available NPK was highest in T3 (234.70, 230.00, 152.40 and 135.50 kg ha-1), T4 (23.0, 25.1, 23.1 and 21.7 kg ha-1) and T3 (277.23, 280.47, 257.77 and 246.57 kg ha-1) at square formation, flowering, 50 % boll opening and at harvesting stage respectively and lowest available NPK was in control. The MBC of soil decrease from its initial value up to flowering and then increase and reached near to its initial value at harvesting and recorded highest in T7. Highest net income of (Rs.68,214/ ha) and B: C
