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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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20206
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Subject: Soil Sciences × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09) Anil Kumar; Garhwal, R.S.
    The present investigation „Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice‟ was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different nutrient treatments on soil properties, crop yield and yield attributes, economics of basmati rice. To achieve the above objectives of the present study, a field experiment with direct seeded rice was established at CCS HAU, College of Agriculture, Kaul farm during kharif 2019. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice viz. T1 - Control, T2 - N75 P30 K30, T3 - N37.5P15K15, T4 - Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T5 - N37.5P15K15 + Biogas slurry @ 2 t ha-1, T6 - N37.5P15 K15 + Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T7 - Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1, T8 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T9 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1 and T10 - Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + Biogas slurry 2 t ha-1. Grain, straw yield and yield attributes increased markedly where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry integrated with inorganic fertilizers were applied. The highest grain yield (34.20 q ha-1), harvest index (44.21 %) and No. of effective tiller/m2 (250) was observed in T9 whereas highest straw yield (43.79 q ha-1) and plant height (107.40 cm) was observed in T6 which were significantly higher over T1 (33.48 q ha-1 and 100.07 cm respectively). The highest available NPK was observed in treatments when chemical fertilizer along with 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry was applied. The highest contents of available N and P (152.67 and 31.87 kg ha-1, respectively) were observed in T6. Whereas, the content of available K was highest (396.70 kg ha-1) in T9 treatment which were significantly higher over control. The available N, P and K in control amounted to 100, 19.67 and 358.83 kg ha-1 respectively. Lower value of bulk density and higher soil organic carbon content were observed in T6 and T9 (1.28 Mg m-3and 0.63 % respectively) which were significantly different than that recorded in T1 (1.34 Mg m-3and 0.55 % respectively). Soil organic carbon and DTPA extractable micronutrients increased significantly with application of vermocompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. A decrease in soil pH and bulk density was observed in the treatments where vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer was applied. NPK content and uptake in rice increased where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers was applied. Micronutrients content and uptake in rice was increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or with integrated use of inorganic fertilizers. The highest values of microbial biomass carbon, urease, phosphates and dehydrogenase activities were observed in T9 (375.96 μg g-1 soil, 110.93 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 504.33 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1, respectively) which were significantly higher than those recorded in control (326.28 μg g-1 soil, 92.25 μg NH4 + g-1 soilhr-1, 445.40 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1). Microbial biomass carbon and enzymes activity increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or their integrated use with inorganic fertilizers. Highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T2 (N75P30K30) treatment as compared to treatments where organic manures were added because of increased cost of cultivation due to application of organic manures. However, highest net return was observed in T9 (N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Soil fertility and nutrient uptake by crops under different agroforestry systems in Haryana
    (CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020) Dahiya, Garima; Bhardwaj, K. K
    The present investigation entitled ―Soil fertility and nutrient uptake by crops under different agroforestry systems in Haryana‖ was conducted At the Research Farm, Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2018-19. Soil samples from different tree based system (Poplar + wheat, Eucalyptus + barley, Melia + wheat, Shisham + mustard) and sole cropping system (wheat, barley and mustard) were analyzed for different soil properties at 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depth. Yield and nutrient uptake were recorded at maturity. Soil bulk density, pH, EC and DTPA extractable micronutrients were significantly influenced by tree based system, soil depth but soil texture was found non-significant. Poplar + wheat recorded maximum infiltration rate which was at par with Eucalyptus + barley, Melia + wheat and Shisham + mustard, whereas saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly higher under Eucalyptus + barley based agroforestry system. Poplar + wheat and Shisham + mustard agroforestry system (0.47%) showed higher amount for organic carbon than sole cropping. The available N, P and dissolved organic carbon were maximum under Poplar + wheat system while Melia + wheat recorded highest available K and total N as compared to sole crop treatments. With the incorporation of Poplar and Melia with wheat, organic carbon increased by 30.6 and 27.8%, respectively. Similarly, increment in organic carbon under Eucalyptus + barley and Shisham + mustard system was observed by 35.7 and 42.4%, respectively. The available nitrogen increased under Poplar + wheat, Eucalytpus + barley, Melia + wheat and Shisham + mustard under agroforestry system by 37.3, 40.0, 30.3 and 38.6%, respectively over sole crops. The Poplar + wheat and Melia + wheat significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon, urease, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity by 127.7; 101.9, 72.5; 63.4 and 69.8; 55.8, 65.2 and 49.8%, respectively over sole wheat crop. Yield of different crops decreased significantly and under Poplar + wheat and Melia + wheat, both grain and straw yield reduced by 10.6; 13.2% and 17.8; 16.3%, respectively as compared to sole wheat crop. Corresponding values were 5.0; 6.8% and 22.2; 20.0% under Eucalyptus + barley and Shisham + mustard agroforestry system, respectively. The nutrient uptake differed significantly with higher uptake under sole crop treatments. All chemical properties except soil EC and Cu are significantly correlated with each other. The soil pH was found to be negatively correlated with all the chemical properties. Hence it may be concluded that agroforestry system enhanced soil organic carbon, available macro and micro nutrients, improved the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In comparison to this, the yield and nutrient uptake was reduced under different agroforestry system as compared to sole crops.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of long-term zero tillage induced changes in soil properties on persistence of pendimethalin in different cropping systems
    (CCSHAU,HiSAR, 2020-05) Babal, Bhawna; Sharma, Manoj Kumar
    A field study on the ‘Impact of long-term zero tillage induced changes in soil properties on persistence of pendimethalin in different cropping systems’ was carried out during kharif 2019 in an ongoing experiment on conservation agriculture (CA) laid out in 2006 at Soil Research Farm, CCS HAU, Hisar, on an alluvial sandy loam soil. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design having three tillage practices i.e. zero tillage in both kharif and rabi seasons (ZT-ZT), conventional in kharif and zero tillage in rabi (CT-ZT) and conventional tillage in both the seasons (CT-CT), and two cropping systems i.e. mungbean-wheat (M-W) and sorghum-wheat (S-W). Pendimethalin available as Penda (30 EC) was applied @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 immediately after sowing. Soil samples collected from different depths and times were analysed for soil properties and herbicide residues. Residues were extracted using column chromatography and analyzed on GLC. The results revealed that the ZT-ZT improved soil properties over CT-ZT and CT-CT practices, subsequently led to increase in half-life by 1.17 days over CT-CT in surface 5 cm soil. The ZT-ZT led to leaching of the herbicide beyond 15 cm upon 78.3 mm of rainfall after 5-6 days of its application. The cropping systems did not significantly influence the persistence. No residues were observed in grain of mungbean and straw of sorghum. A reversible change in the equilibrium of the population of soil microorganisms took place under different treatments, largely within 15 days of herbicide application. These microorganisms were significantly higher under ZT-ZT compared to other practices. Bacteria were sensitive to pendimethalin while fungi and actinomycetes showed moderate toxicity to the herbicide but actinomycetes grew exceptionally faster than bacteria and fungi during the season. Azotobacter and PSB experienced a moderate initial stimulation but higher simulation of Azotobacter under CT-CT accentuated them for efficient in utilizing easily available pendimethalin while steady growth of PSB towards harvest demonstrated their capability to utilize molecules that are adsorbed strongly to soil colloids. Herbicide under the two cropping systems had no significant influence on bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi but the population largely remained numerically higher under S-W during the season. Azotobacter and PSB, however, increased significantly at harvest in surface 5 cm and throughout the season in 5-15 cm soil depth under M-W. The study illustrated that the induced changes in soil properties under CA, though enhanced persistence but increased leaching emphasizing on potential risk of the herbicide for groundwater contamination, particulary, under shallow water-table conditions when applied during rainy season in light textured soils of semi-arid regions. The information concerning the toxic effect of the herbicide on agriculturally important soil microorganisms under long-term CA as a whole generated in present investigation has a greater significance under field conditions as the literature available is largely based either on laboratory or short-term field experiments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of long-term nutrient management using Soil Test Crop Response approach on chemical and biological properties of soil under pearl millet-wheat cropping system
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Manu Rani; Goyal, Vishal
    The present study was carried out on the ongoing long-term experiment of STCR initiated in 2009 at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, CCSHAU, Hisar. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with four replication and seven treatments viz. T1-control, T2- FYM @ 15 t ha-1, T3-RDN&P, T4-STCR with TY 3.0 t ha-1, T5-STCR with TY 3.5 t ha-1, T6- Integrated STCR with TY 3.0 t ha-1 + FYM and T7- Integrated STCR with 3.5 t ha-1 + FYM yield targets. FYM @ 15 t ha-1 was applied in rabi and kharif season in T2, T6 and T7 plots. Grain yield of pearl millet was significantly affected by use of fertilizers in combination with FYM after ten cycles of pearl milletwheat cropping system. Integrated treatment (T7) recorded the highest pearl millet grain and straw yield (3532 and 8937 kg ha-1) followed by chemical fertilizers alone and lowest in control (1662 and 4132 kg ha-1). The per cent deviations of grain yield in target yield (30 and 35 q ha-1) treatments with and without FYM vary from -2.2 to +1.0. Application of FYM along with chemical fertilizers enhanced total N, P and K uptake by 150.84, 192.56 and 150.75 % over the control. The long-term application of FYM alone (T2) or integrated with fertilizers (T6 and T7) increased the available N from initial value (2009) of 126 kg ha-1 to 168 kg ha-1 and available P from its initial value of 15 kg ha-1 to 27.10 kg ha-1. The soil organic carbon, EC and micronutrients increased significantly with application of FYM alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers. A decrease in soil pH was observed in the treatments where FYM was applied. Amongst the different treatments, application of FYM alone or integrated with chemical fertilizers showed higher microbial population, microbial biomass carbon and better enzymatic activities in the soil. Soil microbial population followed a trend of natural population (predominance of bacteria followed by actinomycetes and fungi). Integrated treatments (T6 & T7) showed highest bacterial population (7.91 to 8.14 log10 no. cfu g-1 soil), fungal population (4.41 to 4.60 log10 no. cfu g-1 soil) and actinomycetes population (5.85 to 6.03 log10 no. cfu g-1 soil). The application of FYM alone (T2) or with fertilizers (T6 and T7) continuously for a period of 10 years had increased the soil MBC by 71 to 89 % as compared to control (T1). The long-term nutrient management using STCR approach showed an increase of 16.30 to 93.79 % in dehydrogenase activity in soil in different treatments during the entire crop growth of the pearl millet over the control (T1). Further, the microbial population, soil microbial biomass carbon, enzymatic activities, soil organic carbon and available nutrients were found to be more at early developmental stages of the crop and decreased at maturity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of phosphorus and zinc on wheat yield and release behaviour of P and Zn in soils
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Fogat, Sunitha; Rohtas Kumar
    The present study entitled “Influence of phosphorus and zinc on wheat yield and release behaviour of P and Zn in soils” was carried out during rabi season 2018-19 in the Department of Soil Science, CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana). A pot experiment was conducted using wheat (variety WH 1105) as test cop with five levels of P (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 mg P kg-1) and four level of Zn 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg Zn kg-1) in two different P status soils. Both the soils were neutral in reaction and non-saline. The OC of low P status soils was 0.15%, CEC 4.46 cmol (p+) kg-1available N, P and K content 28, 8 and 112 kg ha-1, respectively. The OC content of high P status soils was 0.62%, CEC 9.28 cmol (p+) kg-1, available N, P and K content 182, 25 and 430 kg ha-1, respectively. The DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn content in soil was 0.30, 1.94, 2.11 and 2.48 mg kg-1 in low P status soil whereas corresponding value of these parameters in high P status soil was 0.72, 3.08, 18.74 and 10.26 mg kg-1. The texture of low and high P status soil was sandy and sandy loam. In low P status soil, significantly higher yield of grain and straw (7.84 and 10.11g pot-1, respectively) was recorded with the application of 30 mg P kg-1 + 10 mg Zn kg-1 over control. In high P status soil, in Zn treatment, maximum grain and straw yield (8.23 and 10.73 g pot-1, respectively) was recorded at 10 mg Zn kg-1 level. In both types of soils, the application of different level of P and Zn did not have any significant effect on N, K and protein content of grain and straw. In P treatment, the highest content of P in grain and straw in both soils was recorded with application of highest level of P (180 mg kg-1) and in Zn treatment, similar was true for Zn content. In low P status soil, the uptake of N and K by grain was maximum (9.70 and 4.87 mg pot-1, respectively) in 60 mg P kg-1 + 10 mg Zn kg-1 treatment. In case of high P status soil, maximum N uptake by grain (14.16 mg pot-1) was recorded in 120 mg P kg-1 + 10 mg Zn kg-1 treatment, while K uptake by grain was recorded highest (4.78 mg pot-1) in 120 mg P kg-1 + 10 mg Zn kg-1. In low and high P status soil, the maximum P uptake by grain (2.36 and 2.88 mg pot-1) was recorded in 120 mg P kg-1 + 10 mg Zn kg-1 and 180 mg P kg-1 + 10 mg Zn kg-1 treatment, respectively. The maximum Zn uptake by grain (195.03 μg pot-1) in low P status soil was recorded in 120 mg P kg-1 + 10 mg Zn kg-1.But in high P status soil it was recorded maximum (236.82 μg pot-1) in 10 mg Zn kg-1 treatment. Among the various P fractions Ca-P was the predominating fraction in both soils. The order of relative abundance of different P fractions in both soil was Ca-P > Org-P > Al-P > Fe-P > Red-P > Saloid-P. The distribution of various Zn fraction in low and high P status soil was in the order RES-Zn > Fe/MnOX-Zn > ORG-Zn > CAR-Zn > WSEX-Zn. In incubation study, the content of available P release from soil increased up to 21 and 28 days in low and high P status soil and then decreased with further increase in incubation period. Whereas, the content of DTPA-extractable Zn released from both types of soils decreased with increase in incubation period. In both soils, the content of various P fractions consistently increased with increasing incubation period up to 28 DAI and then decreased in the later period of incubation, whereas content of Zn fractions decreased consistently with increase in incubation period. In general, the content of different P and Zn fractions was found higher in high P status soil as compared to low P status soil.