Effect of Organic farming of Sugarcane on physico-chemical properties of the soil, cane and sugar yield
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Date
2020-06
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CCSHAU,HiSAR
Abstract
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The experiment was conducted at research farm of RRS, CCSHAU, Karnal entitled ―Effect of Organic farming of Sugarcane on physico-chemical properties of the soil, cane and sugar yield‖ was aimed to study the effect of application of various organic sources on yield and yield attributes, juice quality, physico-chemical properties of soil, available nutrients in the soil, nutrient uptake and economics of sugarcane. The experiment was planned out in a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. For the plant sugarcane crop five treatments in viz. FYM @10t/ha + BF + GM + IPM, FYM @20t/ha + BF + GM + IPM, FYM @30t/ha + BF + GM + IPM, Zero Budget Technique and RDF were applied in two varieties CoH 160 and CoH 167 (Total 10 treatments). Similarly five treatments in ratoon sugarcane crop viz. FYM @20t/ha + BF+ TM + IPM, FYM @25t/ha + BF + TM + IPM, FYM @30t/ha + BF + TM + IPM, Zero Budget Technique, and RDF were applied in two varieties CoH 160 and CoH 167 (Total 10 treatments). In both plant and ratoon sugarcane crops out of the two organically cultivated varieties, CoH167 was found significantly superior as compared and CoH 160 in term of cane yield (67.52 and 65.37 t/ha –for CoH 167 and CoH160 in Plant crop (P)) and (78.13 and 75.60 t/ha –for CoH 167 and CoH160 in Ratoon(R)), NMC (77666 and 74245/ha-P) and (87999and 83444/ha-R), cane length (2.52 and 1.72m-P) and (2.87and 1.99m-R) and cane girth, (240 and 229cm-P) to (244 and 223cm-R), concentration of N (1.47and 1.45%-P) and (1.50 and 1.47%-R), concentration of P (0.24 and 0.22%) and (0.27 and 0.24%), K (1.41 and 1.38%-P) and (1.45 and 1.42%-R), micronutrients Zn (53.5and 51.3mg/kg-P) and (55.3and 53.1mg/kg-R) Fe (498 and 491mg/kg-P) and (525and 518mg/kg-R), Mn (74and 73.6mg/kg-P) and (86.8and 86.3mg/kg-R) and Cu (8.9 and 8.6mg/kg-P) and (9.5and 9.3mg/kg-R). In both plant and ratoon sugarcane crops out of the two organically cultivated varieties CoH160 was found significantly superior as compared CoH 167 in term of juice quality- sucrose % (16.5 and 15.5%–for CoH 160 and CoH167 in Plant crop (P)) and (17.5and 17.3%–for CoH 160 and CoH167 in Ratoon(R)) and CCS % (12 and 11.6%-P) and (12.3 and 12.1%-R)) and soil available nutrients N (124.3 and 122.6 kg/ha-P) and (126.4and 125.1kg/ha-R), P (15and 14.3kg/ha-P) and (15.5 and 15kg/ha-R) and K (389.4 and 388.5kg/ha-P) and (391and 389.8kg/ha-R) and micronutrients Zn (0.95 and 0.92mg/kg-P) and (0.97and 0.94mg/kg-R) and Fe (5.1and 4.8mg/kg-P) and (5.4 and 5.2mg/kg-R). In both plant and ratoon sugarcane crops the treatment of FYM @30t/ha + BF + GM or TM + IPM produced significantly highest cane yield (71.85 and 86.52t/ha-for plant and Ratoon), yield parameters- NMC (81278 and 92055/ha), cane length (2.27 and 2.58m) and cane girth (2.47and 2.45cm), juice quality sucrose % (17.3 and 18.1%) and CCS% (12.7and 13.2%), available nutrients (130.4 and 132.9kg/ha) N, P (16.8 and 17.9kg/ha) and K (393.4 and 396.7kg/ha) and micronutrients Zn (1.01 and 1.02mg/kg), Fe (5.4 and 5.8mg/kg), Mn (4.5 and 4.6mg/kg) and Cu (0.33and 0.35mg/kg) and concentration of nutrients N (1.51and 1.55%), P (0.27and 0.31%) and K (1.46 and 1.51%) and micronutrients Zn (56.1 and 58.5mg/kg), Fe (514 and 545mg/kg), Mn (76.3 and 89.2 mg/kg) and Cu (9.4 and 10mg/kg) and thereby nurients uptake compared to other treatments. This was followed by the treatment of FYM @ 20 or 10 t/ha + BF + GM + IPM in plant sugarcane crop and the treatment of FYM @ 25 or 20 t/ha + BF + TM + IPM in ratoon sugarcane crop which were at par with the treatment of RDF. In both plant and ratoon sugarcane crops the treatment of Zero Budget Technique produced significantly lowest cane yield, yield attributes (NMC, length and girth), Juice quality (Sucrose % and CCS %), Available nutrients (NPK) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu), and concentration of nutrients (NPK) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu) and nutrients uptake by the plant compared to other treatments. There was no effect of application of various treatments on Soil pH and soil EC in both plant and ratoon sugarcane crop. In both plant and ratoon sugarcane crops the treatment of FYM @ 10 to 30 t/ha + BF + GM or TM + IPM increased soil organic carbon % in the soil (0.42 to 0.49% in plant crop and 0.42 to 0.51% in ratoon) compared to Initial value (0.35%-in plant and 0.36 –in Ratoon) and treatment of RDF (0.36 and 0.37% -P and R) and Zero Budget Technique treatments (0.37% and 0.37% -P and R) and similarly the available nutrients (NPK) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu). In both plant and ratoon sugarcane crops to achieve equivalent cane and sugar production to RDF, at least 20t/ha FYM + BF + GM in plant crop and 25t/ha FYM + BF +TM + IPM in ratoon crop is required. If we want to achieve still higher yield and have more soil health we should add 30t/ha FYM + BF + GM or TM + IPM in both plant and ratoon sugarcane crop.