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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Polymorphism among thermotolerant and sensitive genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using DNA markers
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Gupta, Meenu; Dhillon, Santosh
    Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops and is cultivated throughout the world. High-temperature stress is one of the major constrains to wheat production world wide. This study was undertaken with the objective to assess polymorphism among 10 thermosensitive and 10 thermotolerant genotypes of wheat. DNA extracted from young leaves of 20 wheat genotypes was amplified by using 20 ISSR and 25 RAPD primers. Out of these primers, 11 ISSR and 18 RAPD primers were showing amplification and were selected for present investigation. For ISSR and RAPD assays, data was analyzed to calculate various parameters such as the number of total bands, number of polymorphic bands, per cent polymorphism, bands per primer, polymorphic bands per primer, similarity matrices and dendrogram. Both RAPD and ISSR generated a moderate level of average percentage of polymorphism i.e. 60.3% and 48.4% respectively. The ISSR primers yielded average 8.64 bands per primer while RAPD primers amplified average 7 bands per primer. The average number of polymorphic bands was higher in case of RAPDs (4.22) as compared to that in ISSRs (4.18). Overall size of PCR amplified products ranged between 220 bp and 3500 bp for ISSR primers and between 280 bp and 4000 bp for RAPD primers. Based on ISSR similarity matrix data, the value of similarity coefficient ranged from 0.69 to 0.94 with an average genetic similarity of 0.81. RAPD similarity matrices between different genotypes ranged from 0.63 to 0.89 with average similarity coefficient of 0.78. Dendrograms generated using RAPD and ISSR markers separated genotypes into two major clusters which were further divided into sub clusters. However, dendrogram based on RAPD markers was not in accord with dendrogram based on ISSR markers.ISSR-41 primers amplified a ≈2800 bp band which was present in all the 10 thermotolerant genotypes and absent in all thermosensitive genotypes except one (genotype S5). The marker identified using ISSR-41 primer may probably be thermotolerance specific and may have potential for use in marker assisted selection programs for wheat production improvement.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of F1 hybrids from crosses between aerobic and high-yielding rice cultivars and their identification via molecular marker analysis
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Sandhu, Nitika; Jain, R.K.
    Experiments were conducted to: (i) assess the plant type, yield potential and root traits of some of the aerobic rice genotypes (MAS25, MAS26, MAS109, 3508 and 3512) developed by UAS Bangalore and those selected at rice research station in comparison to the high-yielding indica (PAU201, HKR47) /basmati (HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati 1460) rice varieties, (ii) make the crosses between aerobic and high-yielding indica/basmati rice varieties, (iii) assess the genetic diversity in a set of ten rice genotypes comprising of aerobic, indica and basmati rice varieties, and (iv) use microsatellite polymorphism for identification of F1 hybrids. Field evaluation showed that aerobic rice varieties produced optimum yield under aerobic conditions, which declined by 14-24% when cultivated under submerged conditions. On the contrary, indica/basmati had optimum yield under submerged conditions, which declined by 11-25% under aerobic conditions. Aerobic rice varieties have longer and dense root system compared to high-yielding indica/basmati rice varieties. Seedling length and fresh weight decreased under PEG-induced water stress, but the decreasing rate was lesser in aerobic rice varieties. A DNA fingerprinting database of ten parental aerobic, indica and basmati rice varieties have been prepared using 18 microsatellite and a BAD2 aroma gene specific markers. High level of polymorphism was observed among the aerobic, indica and Basmati rice varieties. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 5 with an average of 3.579 alleles per locus. Size of the PCR products amplified ranged from 80- 585 bp. The molecular size difference between the smallest and largest allele at a locus varied from 15 to 328. No Null alleles were detected. Multiple alleles were also detected at an average frequency of 0.263. Polymorphism information content (PIC), which is an indicative level of polymorphism, varied from 0.330 to 0.780 with an average of 0.620 per locus. The NTSYS-PC UPGMA tree cluster analysis showed the clustering of 10 rice genotypes into two major distinct groups. The group I had three Basmati rice varieties, HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati 1460. The other group was further divided into two subgroups with subgroup 1 having indica rice varieties (HKR47 and PAU201) and other subgroup having all the aerobic rice varieties (MAS25, MAS26, MAS109, 3508 and 3512). Polymorphism for four (RM440, RM162, RM144, RM240) of the 18 SSR markers with a base difference of >30 bp in the amplified products, could be clearly visualized on 2.5% w/v agarose gels. A total of 22 crosses were made between aerobic (MAS25, MAS26, MAS109) and high yielding indica (HKR47, PAU201)/Basmati (HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati 1460) varieties. The crossed seeds were recovered from 14 crosses. Two plants obtained from the Pusa Sugandha 4 x MAS25 and HBC19 x MAS26 crosses were confirmed as F1 hybrids by molecular marker analysis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular characterization of cold tolerant and susceptible genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Mahavir; Boora, Khazan Singh
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an annual grain legume cultivated in many parts of world and constitutes an important source of protein in human diet. Production of chickpea is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors. So, present investigation was undertaken to assess genetic differences between cold tolerant and susceptible genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) using SSR markers. Forty one SSR primers were used to assess molecular polymorphism in forty one chickpea genotypes. A total of 72 amplified products were obtained out of which 67 were polymorphic and 5 were monomorphic. Average polymorphism across forty genotypes was found to be 93.05%. For the genotypes tested, 1 to 7 bands were obtained, with an average of 1.75 bands per primer. The size of amplified fragments ranged from100-1300 bp. One primer also produced unique alleles in specific xx genotype E 100Ym which could be used to distinguish it. Analysis of this polymorphism profile, generated using suitable statistical programmes, grouped the forty one genotypes into two major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.60. These groups were further divided into sub groups and sub sub groups. The maximum similarity value of 0.94 obtained between Pusa 267 on the other hand PG 96006 & H04-11 and H04-11 & Pusa 244 found to be the most divergent with similarity value of 0.41. Genetic map was constructed and compared using Kosambi function. The marker regression function calculated by interval mapping the highest likelihood ratio statistic 3.668, 1.498, 1.429, 1.284, 0.848, 0.727, 0.693, 0.4 for each of the eight chromosomes at H1O09 (loc930), H2L102 (loc158), H1H24 (loc98), H1E06 (loc1), H1P17 (loc30), H4H05 (loc8), H1C19 (loc60) and H3H022 (loc21).These markers can be used in MAS for improvement of chickpea for cold tolerance. Fine mapping of the QTLs may be done to isolate the genes for cold tolerance using map based cloning.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Drudgery reduction in use of improved chullah : an ergonomic approach
    (CCSHAU, 2009) Goyal, Neha; Mehta, Manju
    The present study was undertaken in Hisar district of Haryana state to determine feedback of improved chullah by the users and the physiological and environmental parameters while using improved chullah. A sample of 147 respondents from three villages was selected randomly for studying the acceptability of improved chullah installed through RHWE. Out of 147 respondents, 10 willing respondent were taken for second and experimental phase to determine the drudgery through physiological and environmental parameter. The survey of first phase revealed that majority of respondent were in between 38-50 years of age, illiterate, belongs to farming families, had nuclear families with 3-6 members, and belonging to high cast with monthly income Rs.1000-4000. Data showed that most of the respondent discontinued the improved chullah mainly because of economical restrains with total acceptability of 29.93%.However, the time expenditure was 2hrs. 23 min. on improved chullah in comparison to 3-4 hrs. on traditional chullah. Respondent selected for experimental evaluation and second phase were belonging to age group of 22-38 and 39-54 years. Majority of the respondents were in to mesomorph category.The assessment of drudgery revealed that increased PEFR and reduced heart rate in terms of physiological parameters with significant amount of drudgery reduction and low percentage of SPM, SO2, NO2/NO3 in smoke of improved chullah which decreases the risk of adverse effect on respiratory tract, lungs and defense mechanism. Use of improved chullah leads to cooking comfort, saving of time, less health hazards, smoke free kitchen and convenience resulting, in a better work environment.