Development of F1 hybrids from crosses between aerobic and high-yielding rice cultivars and their identification via molecular marker analysis
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Date
2009
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CCSHAU
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to: (i) assess the plant type, yield
potential and root traits of some of the aerobic rice genotypes (MAS25,
MAS26, MAS109, 3508 and 3512) developed by UAS Bangalore and those
selected at rice research station in comparison to the high-yielding indica
(PAU201, HKR47) /basmati (HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati
1460) rice varieties, (ii) make the crosses between aerobic and high-yielding
indica/basmati rice varieties, (iii) assess the genetic diversity in a set of ten
rice genotypes comprising of aerobic, indica and basmati rice varieties, and
(iv) use microsatellite polymorphism for identification of F1 hybrids. Field
evaluation showed that aerobic rice varieties produced optimum yield under
aerobic conditions, which declined by 14-24% when cultivated under
submerged conditions. On the contrary, indica/basmati had optimum yield
under submerged conditions, which declined by 11-25% under aerobic
conditions. Aerobic rice varieties have longer and dense root system compared
to high-yielding indica/basmati rice varieties. Seedling length and fresh
weight decreased under PEG-induced water stress, but the decreasing rate
was lesser in aerobic rice varieties. A DNA fingerprinting database of ten parental aerobic, indica and basmati rice varieties have been prepared using
18 microsatellite and a BAD2 aroma gene specific markers. High level of
polymorphism was observed among the aerobic, indica and Basmati rice
varieties. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 5 with an average of
3.579 alleles per locus. Size of the PCR products amplified ranged from 80-
585 bp. The molecular size difference between the smallest and largest allele
at a locus varied from 15 to 328. No Null alleles were detected. Multiple
alleles were also detected at an average frequency of 0.263. Polymorphism
information content (PIC), which is an indicative level of polymorphism, varied
from 0.330 to 0.780 with an average of 0.620 per locus. The NTSYS-PC
UPGMA tree cluster analysis showed the clustering of 10 rice genotypes into
two major distinct groups. The group I had three Basmati rice varieties,
HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati 1460. The other group was
further divided into two subgroups with subgroup 1 having indica rice
varieties (HKR47 and PAU201) and other subgroup having all the aerobic rice
varieties (MAS25, MAS26, MAS109, 3508 and 3512). Polymorphism for four
(RM440, RM162, RM144, RM240) of the 18 SSR markers with a base
difference of >30 bp in the amplified products, could be clearly visualized on
2.5% w/v agarose gels. A total of 22 crosses were made between aerobic
(MAS25, MAS26, MAS109) and high yielding indica (HKR47, PAU201)/Basmati
(HBC19, Pusa Sugandha 4 and Pusa Basmati 1460) varieties. The crossed
seeds were recovered from 14 crosses. Two plants obtained from the Pusa
Sugandha 4 x MAS25 and HBC19 x MAS26 crosses were confirmed as F1
hybrids by molecular marker analysis.
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Keywords
Rice, Irrigation, Vegetative propagation, Yields, Planting, Genetics, Weather hazards, Crossing over, Drying, Land resources