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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2010 - 201621
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Subject: Microbiology × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Microbial remediation of chlorpyriphos contaminated soil
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Chawla, Niti; Suneja, Sunita
    Twenty six bacterial isolates were obtained from chlorpyriphos contaminated soil samples by enrichment culture technique. Eight bacterial isolates showed growth upto 30,000-40,000 ppm chlorpyriphos amended in Mineral salt medium (MSM) containing glucose (0.2%). Out of eight, four isolates produced yellow coloured colonies on MSM agar plates containing chlorpyriphos (50 ppm) and bromo thymol blue (BTB) indicator and also showed the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) in MSM that confirmed their chlorpyriphos degrading capability. These four isolates were selected for different carbon and nitrogen source utilization pattern on MSM agar plates. With all the isolates, good growth was observed in presence of five carbon and five nitrogen sources. Therefore, these carbon and nitrogen sources were selected for chlorpyriphos utilization in MSM. More bacterial count and protein content was observed in the medium amended with glucose as carbon source and ammonium chloride as nitrogen source as compared to medium amended with other carbon and nitrogen sources with all the four isolates. To study the utilization of chlorpyriphos in liquid medium (containing glucose and ammonium chloride), medium was amended with 100 ppm chlorpyriphos. After 7 days of growth, residual chlorpyriphos was determined in the medium. Maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos was found with the isolate SB1 (80.1 %) followed by HIC2 (76.2 %), SGB2 (65.2%) and HIIGA2 (58.1%) respectively. Growth of four selected isolates was studied in sterilized as well as unsterilized soil amended with chlorpyriphos (100 ppm) for a period of two months under laboratory conditions. Viable count was higher in chlorpyriphos amended soil as compared to unamended soil with all the isolates. Chlorpyriphos level decreased in all the treatments. Percent utilization of chlorpyriphos was found more in unsterilized soil as compared to sterilized soil. Maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos was found with the isolate SB1 (66.0 %) followed by HIC2 (58.0 %), SGB2 (48.0%) and HIIGA2 (36.4 %) in sterilized soil. Similar trend was observed in unsterilized soil i.e. maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos with the isolate SB1 (79.2%) followed by HIC2 (74.5%), SGB2 (60.8%) and HIIGA2 (43.3 %) respectively. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of the two chlorpyriphos utilizing isolates in the presence of cotton plants under natural conditions. Germination of seeds was not observed in the treatments amended with 200 ppm chlorpyriphos. Shoot and root growth was found to be significantly higher in the inoculated treatments amended with 50-100 ppm chlorpyriphos as compared to their respective uninoculated treatments. Significant decrease in chlorpyriphos content was observed in soil as well as cotton seeds on inoculation with bacterial isolates. In naturally contaminated soil (0.15 ppm chlorpyriphos), residues were not detected in soil and cotton seeds of both inoculated and uninoculated treatments On the basis of various standard morphological and biochemical tests as described in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, the isolate SB1 belonged to the genus Pseudomonas and the isolate HIC2 to Xanthomonas.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biodiesel production from lipid generating microalgae
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Narula, Amrita; Anand, R.C.
    In the present scenario, the future of crude oil looks quite bleak as it may lead to all oil resources coming close to a moribund one day. Moreover, consumption of present petroleum sourced fuels at the rocket speed rate has also led to various environmental problems. One of the major concern is global warming. To make a dent in global warming, bioenergy must be generated at a very high speed. Microalgae may be the best option to produce bio-energy at rates high enough to replace a substantial fraction of fossil fuel used by our society. The primary objective of this study was to isolate lipid generating microalgal isolates for biodiesel production. The microalgal water samples were collected from ponds of different locations of eight districts of Haryana including Hisar, Rohtak, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Panipat, Karnal, Ambala and Kurukshetra. The samples were analysed for pH, EC, salinity, turbidity, total nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The microalgal samples were enriched in the Bold’s Basal medium and incubated at 23 ±10C, 50-55% humidity with 16:8 hours light: dark photoperiod for 21 days. A total of twenty four microalgal isolates were obtained after purification. Using Nile red staining technique microalgal isolates HMA-2 and FMA-2 were selected for further study and grown in four media of different chemical composition viz., Soil extract, Chu-13, Kuhl and Bold’s Basal medium. The microalgal isolates HMA-2 and FMA-2 produced maximum biomass (0.21 and 0.29g/l ) in Bold’s Basal medium whereas lipid content (29.6 and 25.2%) was maximum in Kuhl medium when grown at 23 ±10C, 50-55% humidity with 16:8 hours light: dark photoperiod for 21 days. Among the inorganic nitrogen sources tested potassium nitrate (original source) resulted in biomass accumulation of 0.12 and 0.19 g/l with 29.4 and 25.2% lipid content in the microalgal isolates HMA-2 and FMA-2 respectively while among organic nitrogen sources, peptone supplementation showed maximum lipid content of 38.2 and 22.1% from 0.04 g/l and 0.10 g/l biomass respectively. Similarly, among the carbon sources, glucose had been found to be a better supplement as it produced biomass of 1.59 and 1.21 g/l with 57.6 and 50.2% lipid content in microalgal isolates HMA-2 and FMA-2 respectively. Lipid and biomass production studies at different pH, temperature and salinity indicated biomass production of 0.14 g/l having 32.6% lipid at pH 8, 0.23g/l biomass having 42.4% lipid at 250C and 0.07g/l biomass containing 61.4% lipid on 20 g/l sodium chloride supplementation in microalgal isolate HMA-2 whereas in isolate FMA-2, 0.13, 0.21 and 0.11g/l biomass containing 26.1, 40.2 and 36.2% lipid was obtained under similar conditions respectively. Transesterification of algal oil of microalgal isolate HMA-2 using NaOH as catalyst and methanol resulted in biodiesel production to the tune of 9%.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of herbicidal potential of rhizosphere bacteria against bathu (Chenopodium album) and piazi (Asphodelus tenuifolius) weeds
    (CCSHAU, 2015) khandelwal, Aakanksha; Sindhu, S.S.
    Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop for the majority of world’s populations. Weeds cause significant losses each year in the agriculture crops. Instead of using herbicide, biological control is a promising approach for the effective weed control. Two hundred fifty rhizosphere bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat and mustard. Among 250 isolates tested, ninety six rhizobacterial isolates showed significant stimulation or retardation effect on seed germination of weed Chenopodium album and Asphodelus tenuifolius on 0.8% water agar plates. Forty five isolates showed root growth inhibition on 5th day of seed germination in C. album. Nine rhizobacterial isolates caused shoot growth inhibition on 5th day and seven bacterial isolates caused shoot growth inhibition at 10th day of seed germination of C. album. In Asphodelus tenuifolius, thirty four isolates showed root growth inhibition on 5th days and twenty seven rhizobacterial isolates showed root growth inhibition at 10th day of seed germination. Eight rhizobacterial isolates caused shoot growth inhibition on 5th day and twenty four rhizobacterial isolates caused shoot growth retardetion at 10th day of seed germination. Screening of Ninety six rhizobacterial isolates for production of indole acetic acid showed that ninety six per scent isolates produced IAA ranging from 0.21 to 29.91μg/ml. Rhizobacterial isolates WSA38, MSA57, WSA68, WSA56, MSA42, MSA39, WHA98 and MSA11 showed >11.0 μg/ml production of δ-aminolevulinic acid and eighty per cent isolates produced ALA. Sixty three per cent of rhizobacterial isolates showed growth on ACC supplemented plates. The ability to produce siderophore was found only in 30% of the isolstes and twenty nine bacterial isolates showed HCN production. Eight bacterial isolates i.e., MSA39, MSA56, MHA75, MHA93, WSA56, WHA82, WHA87 and WHA100 were tested for their effect on growth of wheat and weed under pot house conditions. Inoculation of bacterial isolate WHA87 showed 94-182% increase in root dry weight (RDW) and 30-340% increase in shoot dry weight (SDW) of wheat, whereas its inoculation caused 21-81% decrease in RDW and 33- 43% decrease in SDW of Chenopodium album at 30, 60 and 90 days of plant growth. Similarly, inoculation with bacterial isolate MSA39 caused 20.5-66% increase in RDW and 12-23.5% increase in SDW of wheat growth and its inoculation caused 14-89% decrease in RDW and 6-16% decrease in SDW of C. album. In case of Asphodelus tenuifolius, inoculation of bacterial isolate MSA56 showed 94-368% increase in RDW and 38-412% increase in SDW of wheat, whereas its inoculation caused 40- 85.7% decrease in RDW and 53-54.3% decrease in SDW of A. tenuifolius. Similarly, inoculation with bacterial isolate MHA75 caused 77-132% increase in RDW and 21-231% increase in SDW of wheat growth and its inoculation caused 25-75% decrease in RDW and 33-44% decrease in SDW of A. tenuifolius at 30, 60 and 90 days of plant growth. Thus, rhizobacterial isolates i.e., WHA87, MSA39, MHA75 and MSA56 were found to stimulate growth of wheat, whereas isolates i.e., MSA39 and WHA87 inhibited the growth of Chenopodium album and isolates MHA75, MHA93 and MSA56 inhibited the growth of Asphodelus tenuifolius.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of microbial inoculum for efficient biogas production
    (CCSHAU, 2016) Mehta, Shikha; Anand, R.C.
    The ever increasing cost of fossil fuels and its attendant pollution menace has provided the pedigree to consider alternative sources of energy. Biogas is a well established fuel that can supplement as an energy source for cooking and lighting source in developing countries. There is a need to improve and also increase the efficiency of biogas production. Therefore, in the present investigation, compost, paddy soil, landfill waste and kitchen waste were used to develop the microbial inoculum for the enhancement of biogas production from cattle dung. Six digesters were set up containing biogas slurry @10%, biogas slurry @ 20%, compost @10%, paddy soil @ 10%, landfill waste @10 % and kitchen waste @10% along with cattle dung (3 kg). The maximum biogas production (57.6 litres), and maximum degradation of TS (28.8%) and VS (18.6%) was observed on supplementation of cattle dung with kitchen waste @ 10% on dry weight basis in batch anaerobic digestion. Subsequently, various combinations of these inocula with cattle dung were made for determining their effect on biogas production under batch and semi-continuous anaerobic digestion conditions and 14 digesters were set up. Maximum biogas production (114.2 litres) was observed in digester, D14(Cattle dung (3kg) + kitchen waste @5%+ compost @ 5% + landfill waste @ 5%+ paddy soil @ 5%) during batch anaerobic digestion. In semi continuous mode with digestion period of eight weeks, the biogas production increased upto seventh week and maximum biogas production (144.2 litres) was observed in digester, D14 followed by digester, D2 (cattle dung (3kg) +biogas slurry@ 20%) in which biogas production was 130.5 litres. The dehydrogenase activity (1993.0 µg TPF/g sample/24 h) and cellulase activity (259.4 µg glucose/ g sample/24 h) was observed at the end of 8 th week in digester, D14. Ligninolytic activity was found to be maximum in digester, D14 at the end of 4 th week having zone index of 2.80 during batch anaerobic digestion and 3.01 during semi-continuous digestion. In modified Janta Biogas plant, the biogas production was found to be more in J2 plant where cattle dung was supplemented with kitchen waste @5%, compost @ 5%, landfill waste @ 5% and paddy soil @ 5% as compared to J1 plant (cattle dung alone). CLPP analysis showed that microbial diversity in digester, D1(cattle dung + biogas slurry @ 10%) is entirely different from that in digester, D2 (cattle dung + biogas slurry @ 20%) and D14(cattle dung (3kg) + kitchen waste @5%+ compost @ 5% + landfill waste @ 5%+ paddy soil @ 5%). Digester D2 and D14 showed similarity in microbial diversity. Thus, cattle dung along with kitchen waste @ 5%, compost @ 5%, landfill waste @ 5% and paddy soil @ 5% or cattle dung along with biogas slurry @ 20% could be exploited for efficient biogas production
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development And Evaluation Of Liquid Rhizobial Inoculant Technology For Winter Legumes
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) OM PRAKASH; Anand, R.C.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bacterial decolorization of textile industry effluent
    (CCSHAU, 2015) Khan, Mohd. Sarim; Kukreja, Kamlesh
    Textile industries discharge large volumes of colored effluent that is a threat to the environment. Color is the first contaminant to be recognized in waste water and has to be removed before discharging into water bodies or on land. Biological treatment is a promising approach for the effective decolorization of textile effluent. Hence, the present investigation was carried out with two objectives (i) Screening of textile industry effluent decolorizing bacteria, and (ii) Optimization of culture conditions for maximum decolorization of textile effluent. In the present study, three dyes Congo red, Yellow CRG and Yellow 5G and two textiles effluent samples (BTM and PTM) were used for decolorization studies. A total of 60 bacterial isolates were obtained by enrichment culture technique from different sources and screened for their ability to decolorize dyes and effluents. Four bacterial isolates (TS-1, TS-2, TS-10 and TE-12) for Congo red and Yellow CRG, five (TS-1, TS-5, TS-8, TS-11 and TE-14) for Yellow 5G and four (TS-1, TS-2, ES-27 and ES-28) for BTM and PTM effluents were selected on the basis of their decolorization potential (>40%). Decolorization efficiency was determined with respect to time and dye concentration and all the isolates were able to decolorize as high as 250ppm of Congo red, 80ppm of Yellow CRG, 60ppm of Yellow 5G dyes and crude effluent in 72 h. Mechanism of decolorization was adsorption. Optimization of culture conditions was carried out with different parameters and maximum decolorization was obtained under shake culture conditions with 1.0% inoculum size. Maximum decolorization was observed when sucrose and ammonium chloride were used as carbon and nitrogen source in all dyes, while glucose and yeast extract in effluents. Optimum temperature and pH for decolorization of dyes and effluents were 35 0 C and 7.0 respectively. Decolorized dyes and effluents were less inhibitory to seed germination and seedling growth in comparison to untreated dyes and effluents. On the basis of various standard morphological and biochemical tests, the bacterial isolates TS-1, TS-10, TE-12 were tentatively identified as Bacillus, TS-2 as Pseudomonas and ES-28 as Paenibacillus.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Amelioration of salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by inoculation of ACC deaminase-containing mesorhizobia and rhizobacteria
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Chaudhary, Deepika; Sindhu, S.S.
    Chickpea is a major legume crop grown in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Salinity mainly affects plant growth by decreasing the availability of water to the roots due to osmotic effect of external salts. Salinity also influences other physiological processes such as seed germination, photosynthesis, respiration and metabolite accumulation. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial as inoculants have been reported to facilitate plant growth in saline lands. Fifty isolates of Mesorhizobium were obtained from the nodules of chickpea plant samples and fifty five isolates of rhizobacteria were obtained from the chickpea rhizosphere soil collected from different part of Haryana. Among the fifty Mesorhizobium isolates, only four isolates i.e., MHD2, MSD41, MHD12 and MHD14 showed growth up to 4% NaCl salt concentration whereas 28 isolates among the 55 rhizobacterial isolates showed growth up to 4% salt with different colony size. Two Mesorhizobium isolates i.e., MHD1 and MHD12 and six rhizobacterial isolates i.e., RSD17, RSD19, RSD23, RBD12, RHD2 and RHD18 showed significant growth on ACC supplemented plates as compared to ammonium sulphate incorporated medium plates. Inoculation of selected Mesorhizobium or rhizobacterial isolates on sterilized chickpea seeds in water agar plates showed that isolate KR48 showed maximum growth of seedling roots at 5 days whereas MBD26 showed maximum growth of shoot at 10 days. Isolates RHD18, RSD3, RBD12 and RSD23 showed significant stimulation of shoot growth even at 8 dS/m salt concentration as compared to uninoculated control. Coinoculation studies with ACC+ as well as ACC- isolates of Mesorhizobium and rhizobacterial isolates were made in chickpea cultivar HC-1 under chillum jar conditions containing sloger’s broth with salt (EC, 4dS/m) and without salt. Coinoculation of ACC+ Mesorhizobium isolate MBD26 with rhizobacterial isolate RHD18 produced maximum 59 nodules/plant and 50.6% increase in plant dry weight and in the presence of salt slight decrease in nodulation (49 nodules/plant) and gain in plant dry weight (39.3%) was observed in comparison to single inoculation of MBD26 at 50 days of plant growth. At 80 days of plant growth, coinoculation of both ACC- MBD20 and RBD19 formed 41 nodules/plant and only 7.8% increase in shoot dry weight was observed as compared to the single inoculation. Coinoculation of Mesorhizobium isolate MBD26 with rhizobacterial isolate RHD18 caused increase in nodule number (78 nodules/plant), nodule weight (413 mg/plant) and shoot dry weight (61.7% increase). Whereas in the presence of salt, same treatment formed 53 nodules per plant and caused only 53.2% increase in plant biomass in comparison to single Mesorhizobium inoculated plants at 80 days of plant growth.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation And Characterization Of Bacteria Degrading Pyrene-A Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) Deora, Anupama; Suneja, Sunita
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of potassium solubilizing bacteria for use as biofertilizer in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2015) Parmar, Priyanka; Sindhu, S. S.
    In the present study, one hundred and fifty rhizobacterial isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil of wheat and mustard after plating serial dilutions on modified Aleksandrov medium containing mica powder as potassium source. These rhizobacterial isolates along with 11 reference strains were screened for their potassium solubilizing ability and 61 isolates were found to possess potassium solubilizing activity. These potassium solubilizing isolates were further analyzed for different plant growth-promoting activities like phosphorus solubilization, IAA production, ACC utilization and siderophore production. The IAA production was observed in 93.44% of the isolates and it varied from 1.21 to 12.48 µg/ml. Twenty nine isolates showed efficient phosphorus solubilization and ACC utilization was observed in 57 rhizobacterial isolates. Eight isolates showed siderophore production. On the basis of these beneficial activities, two isolates HMP27 and HMP45 were selected for strain improvement by using nitrosoguanidine mutagen and mutants having increased and low potassium solubilization activity were isolated. Production of organic acids i.e., oxalic, tartaric, citric, malic and succinic acid was determined in the selected 20 isolates/strains/mutants using HPLC. Four acids were detected in different isolates and mutants in varying amounts and malic acid production was not detected in any of the culture. Inoculation of potassium solubilizing strain HMP45 along with addition of rock K showed 110% and 117.54% increase, whereas HMP27 showed 100% and 103.50% increase in RDW and SDW, respectively in comparison to uninoculated plants containing rock K alone at 60 days of sowing. Inoculation of K over- solubilizing mutant HMP45-M39 along with rock K showed 70% and 89.47% increase, whereas mutant HMP27-M23 showed 115% and 124.56% increase in RDW and SDW, respectively as compared to rock K added but uninoculated plants. At 90 days after sowing, inoculation of potassium solubilizing parent strain HMP45 along with rock K showed 47.05% and 102.63% increase, whereas inoculation with isolate HMP27 showed 41.17% and 107.89% increase in RDW and SDW, respectively as compared to uninoculated plants. Inoculation of K oversolubilizing mutant HMP45-M39 along with rock K showed 52.94% and 81.57% increase and HMP27-M23 mutant inoculation caused 64.70% and 92.10% increase in RDW and SDW, respectively in comparison to rock K containing uninoculated plants. These K-solubilizing bacteria HMP27 and HMP45 could be further tested for plant growth improvement under field conditions.