Evaluation of herbicidal potential of rhizosphere bacteria against bathu (Chenopodium album) and piazi (Asphodelus tenuifolius) weeds
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Date
2015
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CCSHAU
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop for the majority of world’s populations.
Weeds cause significant losses each year in the agriculture crops. Instead of using herbicide, biological
control is a promising approach for the effective weed control. Two hundred fifty rhizosphere bacteria
were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat and mustard. Among 250 isolates tested, ninety six rhizobacterial isolates showed significant stimulation or retardation effect on seed germination of weed
Chenopodium album and Asphodelus tenuifolius on 0.8% water agar plates. Forty five isolates showed
root growth inhibition on 5th day of seed germination in C. album. Nine rhizobacterial isolates caused
shoot growth inhibition on 5th day and seven bacterial isolates caused shoot growth inhibition at 10th
day of seed germination of C. album. In Asphodelus tenuifolius, thirty four isolates showed root growth inhibition on 5th days and twenty seven rhizobacterial isolates showed root growth inhibition at 10th day of seed germination. Eight rhizobacterial isolates caused shoot growth inhibition on 5th day and twenty four rhizobacterial isolates caused shoot growth retardetion at 10th day of seed germination. Screening of Ninety six rhizobacterial isolates for production of indole acetic acid showed that ninety six per scent isolates produced IAA ranging from 0.21 to 29.91μg/ml. Rhizobacterial isolates WSA38, MSA57, WSA68, WSA56, MSA42, MSA39, WHA98 and MSA11 showed >11.0 μg/ml production of δ-aminolevulinic acid and eighty per cent isolates produced ALA. Sixty three per cent of rhizobacterial isolates showed growth on ACC supplemented plates. The ability to produce siderophore was found only in 30% of the isolstes and twenty nine bacterial isolates showed HCN production. Eight bacterial isolates i.e., MSA39, MSA56, MHA75, MHA93, WSA56, WHA82, WHA87 and WHA100 were tested for their effect on growth of wheat and weed under pot house conditions. Inoculation of bacterial isolate WHA87 showed 94-182% increase in root dry weight (RDW) and 30-340% increase in shoot dry weight (SDW) of wheat, whereas its inoculation caused 21-81% decrease in RDW and 33- 43% decrease in SDW of Chenopodium album at 30, 60 and 90 days of plant growth. Similarly, inoculation with bacterial isolate MSA39 caused 20.5-66% increase in RDW and 12-23.5% increase in SDW of wheat growth and its inoculation caused 14-89% decrease in RDW and 6-16% decrease in SDW of C. album. In case of Asphodelus tenuifolius, inoculation of bacterial isolate MSA56 showed 94-368% increase in RDW and 38-412% increase in SDW of wheat, whereas its inoculation caused 40- 85.7% decrease in RDW and 53-54.3% decrease in SDW of A. tenuifolius. Similarly, inoculation with bacterial isolate MHA75 caused 77-132% increase in RDW and 21-231% increase in SDW of wheat growth and its inoculation caused 25-75% decrease in RDW and 33-44% decrease in SDW of A. tenuifolius at 30, 60 and 90 days of plant growth. Thus, rhizobacterial isolates i.e., WHA87, MSA39, MHA75 and MSA56 were found to stimulate growth of wheat, whereas isolates i.e., MSA39 and WHA87 inhibited the growth of Chenopodium album and isolates MHA75, MHA93 and MSA56 inhibited the growth of Asphodelus tenuifolius.
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Keywords
Weeds, Bacteria, Biological development, Planting, Wheats, Productivity, Vegetative propagation, Drying, Application methods, Crops