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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Phenotypic and molecular analysis for morpho-physiological traits and yellow rust in wheat progenies derived from the cross between WH711/WH542(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2019-12) Anu; Vikram SinghThe present investigation entitled “Phenotypic and molecular analysis for morpho-physiological traits and yellow rust in wheat progenies derived from the cross between WH711 / WH542” The experiments were conducted in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, India during two successive years of Rabi seasons 2014-15 and 2015-16 with objective to determine variability, correlation path analysis and genetic divergence. Characterization of 238 progenies along with parent was done on the basis of 12 morpho-physiological traits which exhibited sufficient variation in all the traits. The differences between GCV and PCV values were less which showed little influence of environment. The correlation results revealed that plant height, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain length, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index expressed significant positive correlation with grain yield per plant across the generations and can be used for improving grain yield per plant. Path analysis of both generations revealed that biological yield per plant and harvest index had high direct effect on grain yield per plant while traits viz., number of tillers per plant, plant height and spike length contributed to grain yield per plant through biological yield per plant and harvest index. Based on D2 values, the progenies were grouped into 7 clusters in F3 and 8 clusters in F4 generation. The progenies included in clusters III, V and VI in F3 and V, VII and VIII in F4 generation were identified as divergent as well as having higher mean value for important yield component traits. The traits viz., grain breadth, number of grains per spike, spike weight, number of tillers per plant and 1000 grain weight contributed more than 60% towards total variability. Out of 438 SSR primers pairs (including Yr specific primers) used to characterize the parents for Yr gene and agronomic traits. Among 217 SSRs gave amplification. Out of these 217, SSR 145 markers were monomorphic and 72 SSR markers (including twelve Yr specific markers) were found polymorphic on parents. It was confirmed by NTSYS-PC UPGMA cluster tree and dendrogram that two parents were most genetically diverse and the progeny lines were interspersed between the two parents for yellow rust in both the generations. Single marker analysis indicated that markers Xgwm249 and Xgwm297 were linked with yellow rust resistance in F4 generation.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of CMS lines for development of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Jain, Bharat Taindu; Khushi RamRealizing the potential of hybrid rice to increase productivity, the present investigation was conducted during Kharif 2017 and Kharif 2018 at research farm of Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal) of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Harayana Agricultural University, Hisar carried out in four different experiments to assess the magnitude of heterosis for various yield and related traits, to identify the maintainers and restorers for different CMS lines, to determine the extent of outcrossing and find the polymorphism between parents using SSR markers. The study comprised of two CMS lines viz., IR 68888A and IR 58025A with different restorers to generate thirty hybrids. The thirty hybrids along with two standard checks viz., HSD 1 and HKR 127 were evaluated for the standard heterosis for eight morphological traits and six quality traits in RCBD in three replications. Characters wise positive heterotic hybrids over both checks (HSD 1 and HKR 127) were: hybrid IR 58025A x IR 92784-91-1-5 (42.24 % & 44.24 %) for number of effective tillers per plant, hybrid IR 68888A x HKR 07-191 (18.24 % & 28.98 %) for panicle length, hybrid IR 68888A x HKR 120 ( 25.68 % & 48.16 %) for number of grains per panicle, hybrid IR 58025A x HKR 08-62 (10.20% & 12.58%) for 1000 grain weight. Most of the hybrids recorded positive heterosis over checks for grain yield per plant with the maximum standard heterosis for grain yield recorded in hybrid IR 58025A x IR 99784-255-91-1-5 (38.49 % & 59.28 %) followed by IR 68888A x PR 106 (27.87 % & 45.92 %) and IR 58025A x HKR 05-10 (26.92% & 44.72 %) exhibited highest significant positive heterosis over both checks (HSD 1 & HKR 127) and among these IR 58025A x IR 99784-255-91-1-5 was identified as potential hybrid. After testing in large scale field trials, these hybrids can be recommended for commercial cultivation. Another experiment comprised of four different CMS lines viz., IR 68888A, IR68897A, IR58025A and IR 80555A with ten different testers each used to generate forty hybrids. Based on spikelet fertility of forty crosses, eight genotypes were identified as effective maintainers, eight genotypes as partial maintainers, eighteen genotypes as partial restorers and six genotypes as effective restorers. Genotype IRBB60 was identified as effective maintainers for two CMS lines namely IR68888A and IR58025A. However, IET 21669 and IET 21953 behaved as maintainer for IR58025A only and male parent HKR 126, HKR 47 and HKR 08-62 behaved as maintainer for line IR 68897A. Effective Restorer found for different CMS lines were; PR 123 for IR68888A, IR 99784-11-8-1-2, IR 91648-B-9-B-14-2, HKR 127, OM6377 for IR 688897A, HKR 128 for IR 80555A, identified strong restorer can be used to cross with several CMS lines to produce hybrids. Another experiment carried out using two CMS lines (IR68888A and IR58025A) were grown with one pollen parent in different planting ratio (4:2, 6:2, 8:2) to determine the extent of outcrossing. CMS line IR 68888A showed highest outcrossing 38.67% in 4F:2M, and 31.22% outcrossing in 6F:2M planting ratio as compared to 36.04% in 4F:2M and 27.21% in 6F:2M in CMS line IR 58025A. Thus, CMS line IR 68888A can be used effectively for the production of hybrid seed and may be exploited in future hybrid rice breeding programme. For checking polymorphism between parents (23 male and 2 female), 52 SSR markers were used to assess the extent of genetic diversity. Out of 52 SSR markers tested, 33 were found to be polymorphic and 17 monomorphic markers. The PIC values ranged from 0.13 to 0.59 with an average of 0.377 by 33 polymorphic SSR markers. Based on molecular cluster analysis, total 8 sub clusters depicted among parents and it showed that parents were diverse and differ significantly from each other.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular and biochemical studies for yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)(CCSHAU, 2019) Vijay kumar S; Mukesh KumarThe present study was carried out for evaluation of F3 and F4 generation progenies derived from a cross WH 711 (susceptible) x PBW698 (resistant) for identification and selection of better performing progenies for different characters along with yellow rust resistance. The experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 in research area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Data were recorded for Plant height (cm), Flag leaf length (cm), Flag leaf area (cm2), Spike length (cm), Spike weight (g), Number of grains/ spike, Grain weight/ spike, 100 grain weight (g), Number of tillers/plant, Grain yield/plant (g), Biological yield/plant (g), Harvest index (%), Days to heading and Reaction to yellow rust (Cobbe„s modified scale). High to moderate range of PCV and GCV were observed for traits number of tillers/ plant, grain yield/ plant, grain weight/ spike, spike weight and spike length. High heritability along with high genetic advance were recorded for number of tillers/ plant, grain yield/ plant and spike weight it indicates that this traits were govern by additive genetic variances. The correlation coefficient studies reveled that grain yield/ plant is significantly correlated with all yield attributing traits. The path analysis suggested that number of tillers/ plant, biological yield/ plant and harvest index maximum positive direct contribution towards grain yield/ plant in both the generation. D2 analysis grouped progenies in to 4 and 7 cluster in F3 and F4 generation. Principal component analysis reveled that the first 4 group contribute more than 60% of the variation. Grain weight/ spike, grain yield/ plant and number of tillers/ plant contribute more to the total variation. Out of 175 SSR primers used, 160 SSRs showed amplification in parental genotypes of PBW698 and WH 711 out of which, 40 SSRs were polymorphic and the remaining 120 gave monomorphic bands. The markers XGWM413, XPSP3000, XGWM140, XWMC44.1, XBARC181, XBARC76, and XGWM120 were associated with yellow rust. The marker XPSP3000 on chromosome 1B showed a maximum linkage with LOD value 10.47 explaining 6.28 % of phenotypic variation with an additive effect of 9.831. The Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and Tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activity ranged from 1.43 to 10.03 and 1.94 to 9.57 micro mol/ min/g FW respectively. The yellow rust was significant negatively correlated with PAL and TAL, whereas, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and Tyrosine ammonia lyase was positively significant with each other.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic architecture of quantitative traits and aluminium tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Vivek Kumar Singh; Sheoran, R.K.The present investigation was carried out to study “Genetic architecture of quantitative traits and aluminium tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” at Research Farm of Oilseeds Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar, during the Spring-2015, Spring -2016 and Spring 2017 using 50 sunflower genotypes. For accessing aluminium (Al) tolerance in given fifty sunflower genotypes, Al stress screening assay was done to identify the Al tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Sunflower genotypes EC-601861 and NDLR-06 tolerant to Al were crossed to Al susceptible genotypes MR-06 and RHA-298 to determine the nature of inheritance of tolerant. The inheritance of Al tolerance was controlled by single dominant gene that can be easily transferred to desirable lines through backcross breeding programme. All the six generation developed in the proposed investigation were also raised under field conditions to investigate the genetic architecture of yield and its component traits in sunflower. Data were recorded on the following characters viz., days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), stem diameter (cm), seed yield per plant (g), 100-seed weight (g) and oil content (%). Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for all studied traits. The significant results of scaling test indicating the presence of non-allelic interactions. Most of the characters showed inadequacy to additive-dominance model was subjected six parameter model. Deviation in gene effects was visualized in different crosses. In general, the magnitudes of dominance gene effects were higher than the additive gene effects. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed for most of the traits in all crosses. In the present study, 61 microsatellite markers were used to assess the genetic diversity in sunflower. Out of the 61 primers, 26 primers were found polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 2.31. Estimates of genetic similarities among the different genotypes ranged from 0.24 (between genotype MSF-1-7 and EC-601875) to 0.92 (between genotype RHA-298 Early and DRSF-160 R) with an average of 0.58, depicting a high level of genetic variation among studied sunflower genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Stability analysis for Yield and Quality Components in Transplanted and Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(CCSHAU, 2019) Kavita Rani; Khushi RamThe present study entitled “Stability analysis for yield and quality components in transplanted and direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was undertaken to estimate genetic parameters and to study stability of various trait. The material for the present investigation comprised of thirty genotypes (15 scented and 15 non-scented) grown in twelve environment under two production system i.e., direct seeded and transplanted rice were carried out during the kharif seasons in the year 2016 and 2017 in a randomized block design (RBD) at Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal). The observations on five randomly selected plants from each replication in each environment were recorded for days 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, panicle length (cm), number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant (g), harvest index (%). For physical quality traits such as hulling (%), milling (%) and head rice recovery (%), a sample of 25 g was used. Cooking quality traits such as kernel length before cooking, kernel breadth before cooking, length breadth ratio before cooking, kernel length after cooking, kernel breadth after cooking, length breadth ratio after cooking and elongation ratio data were taken on ten polished grains for each quality traits. On the basis of mean performance the genotype IR 93928-195-2-1-1, IR 93835-90-3-2-1, HKR 48 and HKR 12-411 were found for early flowering and maturity and grain yield were almost similar in DSR, TPR and pooled over the environments. High estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded for number of tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, grain yield per plant, harvest index and elongation. High heritability estimates alongwith high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, days to flowering, harvest index, elongation ratio. Grain yield per plant had moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean. The genotypes HKR 12-1, HKR 07-147, IR 91648-B-89-B-14-2, IR 93928-195-2-1-1, IR 91648-B-2-38-B-1-2 and PUSA 1718-14-2-150 were found below average stable for grain yield in direct seeded rice. The genotype HKR 07-147 and IR 91648-B-2-38-B-1-2 were found suitable for grain yield for favourable environment under direct seeded, transplanted and pooled over the environments. The estimation of environmental index revealed that environment ten (E10) was found most suitable for panicle length, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, number of grains per panicle, hulling (%) and kernel length before cooking under direct seeded, transplanted rice and pooled over the environments.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptability and AMMI biplot analysis of basmati rice genotypes in resource conservation production environments(CCSHAU, 2019) Hari Kesh; Khushi RamAdaptability and AMMI biplot analysis was carried out to identify adaptable and stable genotypes of Basmati rice for non-conventional resource conserving production environments. A set of 36 basmati rice genotypes comprising released varieties and elite lines including was evaluated under four production systems viz, conventional TPR and non-conventional SRI, CFC and DSR (wet). The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2016 and 2017 season in RBD with three replications at experimental farm of College of Agriculture, Kaul and Regional research station, Uchani (Karnal).The Under DSR (wet seeding) pre-germinated seeds after priming for 24 hours were dibbled in puddled soil surface (wet seeding). In general, genotypes responded differently for various traits under different production systems. Pusa Basmati 1121 recorded highest (22%) increase under SRI system over TPR followed by HKR 11-447 (20%) and Pusa Basmati 1 (18%). Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Basmati 1734-8-3- 85 and Pusa Basmati 1637-2-8-20-5 yielded 8-16 % higher in CFC compared to TPR. CSR 30, PAU 6297-1, HKR 98-476 yielded equal in TPR and DSR. Among production systems SRI was found best followed by TPR, CFC & DSR (wet). The G X E interaction was analysed following two models i) Eberhart and Russel (1966) and ii) AMMI (1988). The mean sum of squares due to genotype x environment interaction were significant for all the traits except grain breadth before cooking, grain length after cooking, grain breadth after cooking, and alkali spreading value. For grain yield per plant, genotypes Pusa Basmati 1121, Pusa Sugandh 3, Pusa Sugandh 6, Improved Pusa Basmati 1, HKR 11-509, SJR-70-3-2, HKR 11-447 and Pusa 1884-3-9-175 were found suitable for better environment whereas, Pusa Basmati 1509, Pusa Sugandh 5, HKR 06-434, Pusa 1826-12-271-4, Pusa 6295-2 and Pusa 1656-10-705 for poor environment. According to AMMI biplot analysis, Pusa Sugandh 3, HKR -11-509, Pusa Sugandh 5, HKR 06-434, Pusa Basmati 1509, Pusa 1734-8-3-85 for grain yield per plant were found suitable for general adaptation to all the environments.ThesisItem Open Access Inheritance and molecular analysis for iron and zinc content in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.](CCSHAU, 2019) Anil Kumar; Khatri, R.S.Five crosses of pearl millet were evaluated to study the genetics of iron and zinc content, yield and its component traits. The present investigation was conducted to estimate additive, dominance and epistatic parameters, to develop the selection strategy for various traits in pearl millet. The present investigation was carried out during the period of kharif 2015, summer 2016 (ICRISAT, Patancheru) and kharif 2016 at Bajra Section, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India. The parental material has been selected on the basis of diverse range of grain iron and zinc content. The experimental material consisted of different generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of five crosses and were evaluated in compact family block design with three replications. Data were recorded on selected plants in for grain iron content, grain zinc content, yield and its contributing characters i.e. days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, total tillers, productive tillers, panicle length, panicle girth and 200-grain weight. A wide range of variability was observed in the mean values of different traits among the parents and their different generations over the crosses. The average performance of backcross generations were higher than their respective parents for almost all traits indicated epistatic interactions may be involved in expressions of these traits. Both additive and dominance component of genetic variances had major role in inheritance for most of the traits over the crosses. Yield and most of the components depicted dominance effects, leads us to the conclusion that delayed selection will be effective strategy. Iron content was predominantly controlled by additive gene effects. The grain zinc content revealed that both additive and dominance components are equally important in the inheritance. High GCV and PCV were recorded for grain yield, total tillers per plant and effective tillers per plant indicated presence of high magnitude of variability. High to moderate values of GCV and PCV were recorded for grain iron content, zinc content and 200- seed weight. Low values of GCV and PCV with moderate to low broad sense heritability and genetic advance were recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length and panicle girth, indicating low scope of selection. High broad sense heritability for grain iron and zinc revealed that both grain Fe and Zn are highly heritable. A total of 70 SSR‟s were used for DNA polymorphism in the parents and hybrid which were monomorphic. Taking all together, the above findings advocate that genetic improvement of iron and zinc concentrations should be equitably effectual in pearl millet.ThesisItem Open Access Genetical, Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in Gossypium hirsutum L.(CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and molecular analysis of genetic diversity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)(CCSHAU, 2019) Mohammad Shafiqurrahaman; Dahiya, G.S.The present investigation comprised of 150 forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) germplasm was undertaken for DUS characterization, morphological and molecular diversity analysis. The results revealed that DUS characters like seedling anthocynin coloration, leaf sheath anthocyanin colouration, leaf midrib colour, lemma arista formation, colour of dry anther, length for flower with pedicel length of flower, panicle emergence, plant height up to the base of flag leaf, flag leaf yellow colouration in midrib of flag leaf, stigma anthocyanin colouration, stigma length, flower with pedicel length of flower, anther length, dry anther, glume colour, panicle length of branches, panicle density at maturity, panicle shape, neck of panicle visible above sheath, Threshability, caryopsis colour, grain shape in dorsal view, grain shape in profile view, grain textures of endosperm, grain colour of vitreous albumen and grain luster were found important for identification of germplasm. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for the traits namely, plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, panicle length without peduncle, 1000 seed weight, green fodder yield per plant (g) and dry fodder yield per plant (g). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicates that there are additive genetic effects and simple selection may be effective in the material. The genotypes were grouped in to ten clusters, six clusters and nine clusters in year 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and pooled respectively. The inter cluster distance were higher than intra cluster distances, which indicated wide genetic diversity among the accessions of different groups than those of same cluster. SSR markers were used to screen polymorphisms among 48 genotypes. Out of these 50 primers 43 primers produced amplification and 38 of them were polymorphic. Two and three-dimensional principle component analysis (PCA) also gave similar clustering of 48 genotypes. The genotypes tended to group into two clusters. The genotypes which were lying nearer to each other in the dendrogram were more similar than those lying apart. This information thus obtained can be used for breeding of forage sorghum in order to meet ever increasing demand of green fodder for the livestock.
