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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the multiplication and utilization of seabuckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia D. Don.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-07) Bisht, Rohit; Sharma, S.K.The present study was undertaken during October, 2005 to November, 2006 to standardize the techniques for multiplication of seabuckthorn by seeds as well as for preparation of processed products viz. RTS and squash from seabuckthorn and to evaluate their storage stability. Seabuckthorn berries (fruits) were harvested at optimum maturity (ripe stage) from natural population in Badrinath area of Distt. Chamoli, Uttarkhand. The seeds were separated manually from the residue left after pulp extraction and stored at room temperature (8-18oC) in paper bags, for four months before further experimentation. The seeds were treated for 18 hours with different PGR‟S and chemicals along with other treatments i.e. stratification and luke warm water. Control was also kept for comparison. The pulp was utilized for preparation of beverages (RTS and squash). The beverages were stored for six months under ambient and refrigerated conditions and evaluated for physico-chemical and sensory changes. The results reveal that IAA @ 100 and 200 ppm were most suitable treatments for various plant growth parameters, including germination and survival percentage, closely followed by Kinetin @100 ppm and GA3 @ 400 ppm indicating that seabuckthorn can successfully be propagated by seeds using different growth regulators. Seabuckthorn RTS and squash beverage were standardized at 5 per cent pulp, 14 oBrix TSS and 25 per cent pulp, 50 oBrix TSS respectively. These beverages on storage for 6 months interval experienced insignificant increase in total solids and TSS under both ambient and refrigerated conditions. However, there was a significant increase in reducing sugars of both RTS and squash beverages. On the contrary, the total sugars suffered some loss during storage period. The acidity of RTS and squash suffered slight but steady decline during storage whereas, ascorbic acid experienced loss of 76.46 and 75.46 per cent in RTS and squash respectively. The sensory scores for colour, taste and overall acceptability declined during storage. All these physico-chemical and sensory changes were less in refrigerated conditions, in comparison to ambient conditions. Further both the beverages were acceptable upto 6 months of storage.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of bio-agents and planting methods on plant growth and yield characteristics of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Soni, Manoj; Nautiyal, M.C.The present study was conducted during October, 2005 to June 2007 at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Research Sub-Station, Kanatal, Uttarakhand. The two planting methods i.e. flat and ridge bed with bio-agents viz. Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum +Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bavistin, used through different methods of application i.e. corm dipping, vermicompost and combination of corm dipping + vermicompost were tested for their effects on various attributes of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in a factorial design with 3 replications. The investigation indicated that plant stand per plot and survival percentage were 80.33 plants and 89.25%, respectively, in treatment combination P1T4M2 (flat bed + application of Bavistin through vermicompost) followed by 80.00 plants and 88.88% plant stand per plot and survival percentage, respectively, for treatment combination P1T2M1 (flat bed + corm dipping in Pseudomonas fluorescens). The vegetative characters of saffron plant as the corm weight, corm diameter and number of cormel formation resulted in highest values of 19.50 g, 4.93 cm and 6.67 cormel, respectively, for treatment combination P1T2M2 (flat bed + application of Pseudomonas fluorescens through vermicompost), followed by application of Trichoderma harzianum in vermicompost. The minimum values were obtained for treatment combination having both the bioagents. The application of Pseudomonas fluorescens through corm dipping in well drained flat beds resulted in higher nitrogen percentage in saffron leaves (3.84%) and then applied through vermicompost also it resulted in highest fresh weight of flower (182.00 mg) with minimum percentage of nitrogen (2.28%) in treatment (P2T1M2) (Ridge bed having Trichoderma harzianum mixed through vermicompost), while the lowest fresh weight of flower of 68.33 mg was observed in P2T2M2 (Ridge bed + application of Pseudomonas fluorescens through vermicompost). The well maintain Ridge beds when planted with corms dipped in Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens resulted in the development of characters in saffron flower that are required for commercial grade as longest stigma + style length of 2.31 cm was obtained along with maximum fresh and dry weight of stigma + style of 32.83 mg and 5.13 mg, respectively, for same bioagent combination. This was followed by the use of Psaeudomonas fluorescens through corm dipping when used in well drained flat beds. In view of commercially superior grade saffron production, application of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens by corm dipping in well prepared ridge beds is recommended for humid temperate mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of organic manure and mulching on winter season crop of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Pant Prabhat(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Chakraborty, Binayak; Tiwari, J.P.The present investigation was carried out at Horticulture Research Centre, Patherchatta, G.B. Pant university of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar on five years old bearing trees of guava to study the effect of organic manure and mulching on winter season crop of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Pant Prabhat. The experiment consisted of eight treatments viz. control (T1), 5 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year (T2), 5 kg compost + without mulch (T3), 10 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year (T4), 10 kg compost + without mulch (T5), 15 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year (T6), 15 kg compost + without mulch (T7) and recommended dose of NPK (N 75g, P 65g, K 50g)/tree/year (T8) with 4 replications in randomized block design. All the trees were uniformly pruned (leaving only one-leaf-pair at the base of the current season‟s growth) during the first week of May, 2006. The results showed significant variation in annual increase in tree height, tree spread, tree volume, shoot length and number of flower buds emerged per branch, number of fruits per tree, yield, average fruit weight, average fruit length, average fruit diameter, average fruit volume, total soluble solids, acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, TSS:acid ratio and sugar:acid ratio among the different treatments during both rainy and winter seasons. However, annual increase in trunk girth, per cent fruit set, per cent fruit retention, per cent flower/fruit drop, non-reducing sugar and pectin content were found non-significant. Application of 15 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year gave the best results on the growth characteristics of the trees. Physical characteristics (average fruit weight, average fruit length, average fruit diameter and average fruit volume) of the fruits were found superior in rainy season than in winter season. Yield per tree was found maximum during winter season in all the treatments than rainy season. Highest yield was recorded in plants that were given 15 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year followed by recommended dose of NPK (N 75g, P 65g, K 50g)/tree/year. Quality characteristics were found superior with the application of different doses of compost and mulching as compared to the control plants in winter season than in rainy season.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nutrients and gibberellic acid on the growth of tea cuttings(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Bhawna; Mishra, K.K.Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) is the most popular beverage consumed by two-thirds of the world population. India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of tea. Tea nursery plays a vital role in successful gardening which leads to the economic development. The nursery techniques and management practices are very important steps in tea production. Raising tea plants from single node cuttings has been widely and successfully adopted economic method of vegetative propagation. Soil pH higher than 5.0 may cause excessive callus formation at the expense of root growth. In this very experiment to find out the effect of nutrients and GA3 on tea cuttings in nursery at higher soil pH during March 2006 to June 2007. Cuttings for their plant height, number of leaves, girth of stem , leaf length and breadth, fresh and dry weight of roots were observed. Results from the present investigation showed that in nutrient treatment, NPK @ 0.4 g per 10 plants + ZnSO4 (0.5 per cent) gave maximum increase in height, stem girth, number of leaves per plant and root weight while in GA3 treatments, 10-50 ppm concentration of GA3 showed increase in the growth parameters i.e. height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf breadth and root weight of tea cuttings. GA3 50 ppm concentration showed the maximum increase in all the parameters statistically.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of micronutrients on yield and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-05) Joshi, Meenakshi; Singh, C.P.The investigation was carried out at HRC, Patharchatta, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttaranchal) during 2004-2005. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design having 27 treatment combinations with three replications and one tree per replication per treatment was under taken study in 26 year old orchard of mango cv. Dashehari. The treatment consisted of Zn @ 200 & 250 gm/tree, Cu @ 100 & 150 gm/tree and B @ 200 & 250 g/tree alone and in combinations through basal application in the month of December, 2004. The data on assessment of effect of these micronutrients on yield and quality parameters such as date of flowering, flowering percentage, yield and chemical quality characters were recorded. Application of Zn, B and Cu @ 200, 250 and 100 gm per tree were found to increase the fruit set and thereby yield and same combination was found to increase total soluble solids and other quality characters. The result show that application of Zn, B and Cu @ 200, 250 and 100 gm per tree were found most effective to increase fruit yield and quality significant.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of IBA, cultivar and time of budding on budgraft success in rose(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-06) Singh, Sanjeev Kumar; Santosh KumarThe present investigation was conducted under polyhouse during January, 2005 to October, 2005 at the Garden Section of Department of Horticulture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The present study was undertaken to comprehend and evaluate the effect of different budding seasons, rooting hormone (IBA) and cultivars on vegetative as well as flowering attributes of rose (Rosa sp.). Cuttings of Rosa indica var. Odorata treated with different concentrations of IBA (200, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) and budded separately with buds of cvs. Super Star, Kiss of Fire and Happiness were planted in four periods at 15 day interval between January to March. Findings of the investigation revealed that both vegetative as well as flowering attributes were recorded excellent when budding was done in second fortnight of January for all the three cultivars. Cuttings treated with IBA at 1000 ppm and budded with buds of cv. Happiness (V3) recorded maximum number of roots (45.0). Maximum bud take percentage was recorded with cv. Super Star (83.4). Maximum plant height was attributed to cv. Super Star (V1) at 240 days after planting (72.2 cm). Days to flower bud appearance was recorded minimum for cv. Happiness (38.0 days). Cultivar Happiness exhibited maximum bud length (2.85 cm) and bud diameter (0.94 cm) in case of cuttings planted during the second fortnight of January, whereas longest stalk length of the flower was attributed to cv. Kiss of Fire(50.3cm). During the investigation period the three factors IBA, cultivar and time of budding interacted significantly with each other.ThesisItem Open Access Variability in seed germinability in low chill plum cultivars(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-07) Chanda Kumari; Rai, P.N.The present study was conducted on five cultivars of low-chill plum (Prunus salicina L.) viz., Alucha Black, Fla 1-2, Howe, Late Yellow and Titron. These cultivars were evaluated for their characteristics fruit growth pattern and different seed and germination attributes i.e. seed length, seed diameter, seed weight, percentage seed germination, days taken for radicle emergence, survival percentage, fresh weight of shoot and root and dry weight of shoot and root. Different physical characters of fruits i.e. fruit length, weight, diameter, volume and specific gravity were recorded from petal fall stage till harvest stage at weekly interval. Fully matured and ripened fruits were defleshed by smashing and washing the fruits in running water to obtain stones. The seeds were extracted from stones by breaking with the help of small hammer. The seeds were stratified and germinated and were sown in iron trays filled with sand : soil : FYM (1:1:1). It was found that there existed some kind and extent of variation for seed germinability within different cultivars. In different plum cultivars germination percentage varied from 1.00 to 26.75 and fruit maturation time varied from 66 days to 88 days. The fruit growth studies in all the cultivars exhibited a double sigmoidal growth curve when different physical characters of fruit were plotted as a function of times out of the five plum cultivars evaluated Late Yellow took minimum number of days (18.59) for radicle emergence and showed germination percentage (66) and survival percentage (66.25) under field conditions and can be suggested for use as rootstock on the basis of its high survival ability.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on seasonal influence of chip budding on bud success and growth of apple (Malus Domestica Borkh)cv. Royal Delicious(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-07) Rawat, Laxmi; Dimri, D.C.The present investigation was carried out at the G.B.P.U.A.& T., Hill Campus Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal (U.A.) from March, 2005 to June, 2006. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replication and sixteen chip budding and one tongue grafting treatments. Budding was carried out in four seasons viz.; - spring, summer, autumn in 2005 and winter in 2006, while tongue grafting as control was done in the first week of March in both the years. Comparison at the end of November, 2005 was done in between tongue grafting, spring and summer budding, whereas data were recorded for winter, summer and autumn budding along with tongue grafting up to June end, 2006. In 2005, tongue grafting gave maximum estimate of linear growth of scion (122.25 cm), girth of scion (0.996 cm), no. of nodes (47.40), root length (12.9 cm), fresh weight of shoot (41.81 g) and root (25.11 g), dry weight of shoot (16.94 g), while spring budding was superior in the girth of stock (1.127 cm), no. of leaves (44.80), total leaf area (1507 cm2), canopy spread (136.10 cm2) and dry weight of root (12.07 cm). However, maximum root: shoot ratio by length (0.121), fresh weight (1.057) and dry weight (1.165) was recorded in summer budded plants. In the year 2006, beheaded summer budded plants of 2005 gave the best response with maximum linear growth of scion (122.70 cm), no. of nodes (42.50), no. of leaves (46.13), total leaf area (1485 cm2), root length (13.15 cm), fresh weight of shoot (43.67 g ) and root (23.39 cm), dry weight of shoot (19.26 g) and root (13.83 g), whereas autumn budding gave higher girth of scion (0.942 cm), stock (1.207 cm), canopy spread (116.60 cm2). The root: shoot ratio was maximum in winter budded plants by length (0.286), and fresh weight (1.117) and dry weight (1.236). Further, the overall comparison for days to sprout, per cent bud take and percentage of saleable plants showed minimum days taken by summer budded plants (23.67 days) and highest per cent bud take in the tongue grafting of 2005 (96.66%) which also recorded the maximum percentage of saleable plants (84.68%), closely followed by autumn budding (76.03%) at the end of June, 2006. Based on the overall performance, tongue grafting and chip budding in spring season performed the best, but chip budding can prove as a good alternative, especially if carried out in summer and autumn season, however, it will take about one and a half year to get the plants ready for sale.ThesisItem Open Access Response of different organic materials on the grafting success and scion growth of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cv. Royal Delicious(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-07) Singh, Gaurav Kumar; Dimri, D.C.The present study was conducted during the year 2003-2004 at Horticulture Experimental Block of G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Hill Campus Ranichauri (Tehri Garhwal) Uttaranchal. The six organic manure treatments viz., FYM, leaf manure, chir pine needle compost, vermi compost, poultry manure and rabbit manure and control were tested for various attributes of apple cv. Royal Delicious in RBD with three replication. The investigation indicated the highest grafting success (94.78%) noted under FYM treatment followed by leaf manure (93.74%) and vermi compost (92.66%), while the control showed the minimum grafting success of (85.41%) only. The FYM application contributed to minimum day required for scion bud sprouting ie., 12.00 days, while the maximum days were taken with the control (19.67 days). FYM also contributed to maximum shoot length in the month of November (149.40 cm), while the minimum shoot length was observed with control in month of April (21.50 cm). The FYM treatment also resulted to maximum girth of sprout (1.09 cm), number of nodes per plant (60.50), number of leaves per plant (56.12), leaf area per plant (1422.08 cm2), leaf dry matter content (38.92%), and root length (19.50 cm) however, minimum values were observed in control treatment. The present investigation also indicated the highest soil moisture under FYM in the month of July (23.89%), whereas minimum with control in the month of June (6.09%). In contrast, the soil temperature was recorded maximum with FYM in the month of June (27.75°C) and minimum with control in the month of November (15.1°C). Soil pH and organic carbon content were found maximum with vermi compost, ie., 6.8 and 1.90%, respectively. Out of the various organic matters the rabbit manure gave maximum nitrogen, phosphorous and potash with their mean values of 220.5 ppm, 80.49 ppm and 320.45 ppm, respectively. The minimum mean nitrogen, phosphorous and potash were found under the control ie., 182.70 ppm, 40.49 ppm and 280.46 ppm, respectively. Based on the findings of the present investigation, it can be concluded that all the organic material used in the study showed significant improvement in growth attributes of the grafted plants, and also increase the availability of various nutrients in the soil. These materials are easily available in plenty and nurseryman can utilize then effectively. Therefore, the application of organic manure in general, and FYM, leaf manure, vermi compost in particular can be recommended as a organic material in the nursery for the production of quality planting material of apple.
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