Loading...
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad
Browse
9 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL CRITICAL POINTS AND ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID ON BEEF CARCASS(College of Veterinary and animal Science,Mannuthy, 1994) K. RAJEEV; M. SomanDuring the process of slaughter and subsequent processing, the beef carcass is exposed to bacterial contamination. Bacterial load is one of the parameters for assessment of the sanitary conditions in slaughter operations. It is tedious and time consuming to evaluate bacterial load of carcass surface as a whole. Therefore assessment of bacterial load on certain points (critical points) in the carcass which are more frequently exposed to contaminants will help in quick assessment of sanitary standard. in the present study six critical points were selected on beef carcasses to evaluate the bacterial contamination. Carcasses from two slaughter houses differing in infrastructural facilities were used for this assessment and comparison. There was significant difference in the level of bacterial contamination on critical points of carcasses obtained from the two sources. Significant difference was noticed between points as well. Among the critical points, neck-lateral has shown highest level of contamination. This may be due to chances of exposure to contaminants during bleeding and flaying. The abdomen-medial was comparatively less contaminated. In spite of conscious precautions, carcasses invariably get contaminated. m order to minimise the bacterial load on carcass at the end of slaughter line, washing carcass with sanitizers is one of the methods adopted in meat trade. Lactic acid one per cent solution, when used as sanitizer for washing beef carcasses immediately after slaughter, has shown significant reduction in total viable count, conform count and faecal streptococcal count estimated 1 h after treatment. When hot lactic acid solution at 70°C was used for washing, significant reduction in the above counts in comparison to the first treatment was observed. This added benefit can be attributed to the enhanced temperature of the solution. it is concluded that one per cent lactic acid solution, preferably at 70oc, can be effectively used as a sanitizer on beef carcass surface for reduction of initial bacterial load and this helps in prolonging the storage life under the retail marketing condition.ThesisItem Open Access OCCURRENCE AND SURVIVABILITY OF YERSINIA IN PORK(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1994) SUNIL, B.; Prabhakaran, P.; SUNIL, B.Investigation was carried out to find out the the presence and survivability of Yersinia in pork. One hundred and seventy one samples were collected from 39 animals. Three Isolates of Yersinia pceudotnberculosis were obtained using Yersinia isolation agar (Himedia). Two of the isolates were from the buccal cavity and tonsil of the same animal and the third from the tonsil of another animal. Even when the organism could not be isolated by direct plating, cold enrichment enabled isolation of the organism from the same sample. The organism could be recovered from in^oculated and stored (4°C) pork samples upto seven days. At -15»C storage, the organism could be recovered upto 30 days by direct plating. Direct plating failed to recover the organism on 45th day, but resuscitation technique was effective, which underlined the importance of resuscitation for isolation of the organism from frozen samples, on 60th day resuscitation also failed to recover the organism.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON BEEF QUALITY(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1993) SUNIL, M.; Padmanabha Iyer, R.; SUNIL, M.Application of eleotrical stimulation to pre-rigor muscle is considered as a method to prevent cold-shortening and to improve tenderness and consumer acceptability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation on changes in pK, Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, Total viable count (TVC) and organoleptic characters of beef stored at ambient and refrigeration temperatures, at specified intervals of time. Ten carcasses of adult cattle were subjected to the study. Electrical stimulation (ES) (alternating current at 110 V, 50 Hz and 20 pulses per second) was applied on left fore-quarter for 120 seconds. The right fore-qijarter was kept as control (C). Triceps brachii muscles ''\'ere co] lected from ES and C sides immediately after stiiriulat.i on and stored at ambient temperature for 12 h and at refrigeration temperature for 24 h. The rate of fall in pH in ES was highly significant than in C at all inte3r>^als except at 24 h. The fall in pH in C was faster at ambient temperature compared to that under refrigeration temperature upto 8 h. Highly significant increase in NPN was observed during storage in ES compared to C. TVC was found to increase on storage at both temperatures. But the increase was significantly lower in ES than in C at ambient temperature at 8 h. In refrigerated samples, at 12 h TVC in ES was lower than in C and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The organoleptic characters of samples were evaluated by a 5 member semi-trained taste panel. The flavour score for ES at ambient temperature, was significantly higher than for C at 8 h. The juiciness score was significantly higher in ES than in C at 0 and 8 h at ambient temperature and at 24 h at refrigeration temperature. Tenderness score at 8 h was significantly higher in ES than in C at ambient temperature. Under refrigeration temperature difference in tenderness score between C and ES samples was highly significant at 8 and 24 h. No significant difference was noticed in connective tissue score between C and ES samples. There was highly significant increase in overall acceptedjility for ES than for C at 8 h at ambient temperature and 24 h at refrigeration temperature.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF MONOSPECIFIC ANTI-BEEF SERA(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1995) THANGTHUAMA, R.; Prabhakaran, P.; THANGTHUAMA, R.Agar gel immunodiffusion is a simple and reliable test for identifying the species origin of meat, povided the antisera to be used are monospecif ic. A study was undertaken to make Rabbit anti-cattle serum (RAGS) and Rabbit anti-buffalo serum (RABS) monospecific by absorption with the freeze dried sera of goat (GFD), buffalo (BFD), cattle (GFD) and a combination of GFD and GFD or, GFD and BFD. Though it was found that the RAGS was made monospecific by absorption with BFD, production of monospp- ;ific RABS through absorption with GFD or GFD, is more desirable. Absorption of RABS with GFD alone enabled to identify both beef and buffalo meat samples which can be further confirmed by RABS absorbed with GFD. RAGS absorbed with BFD and RABS absorbed with GFD could identify a level of 25 per cent or above adulteration with beef and buffalo beef respectively. Filter paper was found to be good carrier of beef and buffalo meat extract antigens and storing it for upto 30 days did not influence the test result with unabsorbed antisera. All the three eluants, NaCl, PBS and PBS-T were found to be equally useful for elution of the meat antigen from the dried filter paper.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF BACTERIOLOGICAL QUAUTY OF RAW MILK IN TRICHUR AND ITS PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY, 1995) ANJU RAGHUNATHRAO KAPRE; NANU, EThesisItem Open Access BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS IN RELATION TO PUBLIC HEALTH(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1999) VINOD.., V. K; Nanu, E.; VINOD., V. K.A serological survey was undertaken to assess the extent of brucellosis in bovines and bumans. Serum samples from 1233 bovines and 747 human were collected. These samples were screened by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). The samples which showed a positive reaction, either by RBPT or STAT or both were subjected to Heat inactivation test (HIT), 2- Mercaptoethanol test (MET) and EDTA agglutination test (EAT). Of the 610 slaughtered male bovine serum samples screened, 41 (6.72 per cent) was found positive by RBPT and 37 (6.07 per cent) by STAT. HIT, MET and EAT detected positive reaction in 32 (5.25 per cent), 26 (4.26 per cent) and 27 (4.43 per cent) samples respectively. A total of 23 samples were positive by all the above tests. Among the 518 slaughtered female bovine serum samples, RBPT detected 41 (7.92 per cent) samples as positive while only 38 (7.34 per cent) samples were found positive by STAT. HIT, MET and EAT detected positive reaction in 31 (5.98 per cent), 26 (5.02 per cent) and 28 (5.4 per cent) samples respectively. Twenty four serum samples were found positive for the disease by all the above tests. None of the serological test employed could detect a statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence of disease between males and females. Of the serum samples collected from 105 farm fed cows, six (5.7 per cent) samples were found positive for brucellosis by both RBPT and STAT. The number of samples found positive by HIT, MET and EAT were three (2.86 per cent), one (0.95 per cent) and two (1.9 per cent) respectively. Only one sample revealed a positive reaction for the disease by all the above serological tests. Among the 406 human male serum samples collected, six (1.47 per cent) revealed an agglutination reaction positive for the disease by RBPT while only four (0.99 per cent) showed an agglutination litre positive for the disease by STAT. HIT, MET and EAT detected three (0.74 per cent) samples each as positive for the disease. Three samples revealed a positive reaction in all the above serological tests. Of the 327 human female serum samples screened, RBPT and STAT recorded a positive reaction in five (1.53 per cent) and four (1.22 per cent) samples, respectively. Three samples (0.92 per cent) each were found positive by HIT, and MET and EAT. Only three samples were found positive for all the serological tests used in this study. It was observed that serological tests employed in this study could not detect a statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence of disease between males and females. None of the serum samples collected from veterinary surgeons (10), animal attendants (two), and slaughter house workers (two) were positive for the disease. Of the serological tests employed in this study, RBPT detected the highest number of samples as positive followed by STAT, HIT, EAT and MET. It was also observed that, of the RBPT and STAT positive cases, HIT recorded maximum number of positive cases followed by EAT and MET. The reason for difference observed in the agglutination titre of the serum samples by the above tests were discussed.ThesisItem Open Access PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN PIGS(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY, 1998) AJAY KUMAR V. J.; NANU, eBrucellosis is one of the bacterial diseases which affect pigs and produce severe economic loss to the farmers since it causes abortion, still birth, sterility and other complications in pigs. The disease in pigs is also a threat to public health because the etiologic agent can be readily transferred from infected pigs to human beings and can cause the disease in them. Considering the above facts, a serological study was undertaken to assess the extent of the disease present in pigs as well as human beings. During the investigation, serum samples from 255 pigs and 250 human were collected and were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT), Standard tube agglutination test (STAT), Heat inactivation test (HIT), 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-MET) and by Ethylene diamine tetra acetate agglutination test (EAT), to detect the presence Brucella agglutinin in these sera. One hundred and seventy samples were collected from slaughtered pigs of which 37 (21.76%) samples gave a positive titre with STAT but only 34 (20%) samples had a positive titre by HIT. Twenty seven (15.88%) out of 170 samples gave positive test reaction by RBPT, 2-MET and EAT. Eighty five samples were collected from the farm reared pigs. Seven (8.24%) of these samples revealed positive agglutination reaction by RBPT, STAT and HIT. 2-mercaptoethanol test could detect only five (5.88%) of their samples as positive for brucellosis whereas six (7.06%) samples showed positive test reaction by EAT. Out of the 255 serum samples collected from pigs, 26 (10.2%) were found positive with all the tests. Among the 250 human serum samples screened, four of them were found positive for the disease with all the tests. Of the positive samples one male and two female samples were obtained from general population. One of the 88 samples collected from veterinary students was found positive by the tests used in this study. Twenty samples each collected from veterinarians and pig farm attendants were found negative for the disease. Out of all the tests used in this study, STAT was able to detect maximum number of reactors, followed by HIT, RBPT, EAT and finally by 2-MET. The reasons for differences in seropositivity with different tests on the same sample were discussed.ThesisItem Open Access PHYSICO-CHEMtCAL QUALITY OF BUFFALO MEAT UNDER REFRIGERATION(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY, 1996) ABDULKADER KUNHY, P A; Kuttinarayanan, PMeat is accepted all over the world as a rich source of hrgh ^ality assimilable protein containing all the essential ammo acrds. Meat quality per se is contributed by its Physico-chemical, biochemical, nutritional, microbiological and otganoleptic qualities. Though some of these are predetermined epandmg on animal physiology, others can be changed by -nrpulatrng the meat handling practices, in ia learned from he licerature that studies on physico-chemical quality of - -lo meat are scanty. Hence the present study was etta.en to assess the various physico chemical ^alities of buffalo meat under refrigeration (40c). Fifteen meat samples were collected from t-w aug,hter house, Kuriachira. Thrissur andf raonma ltyhsee d mufnoirc ipDHal water holding capacity, giyeogen content, fibre diameter .4 an 2T h O f refrigeration. ---- at a, steadily' r"r ing the storage period from 1 h to— 72 ah. Hroewdeuvceerd gni rcant drfferences in water holding capacity, fibre lameter and sarcomere length were not observed durino th, --e Of study, in che organoleptic evaluation, 11^ at ii tenderness did not differ significantly during different hours of storage, though the meat was significantly juicier (P<0.05) with a score 5.85+0.19 at l h and reduced further during subsequent hours of storage.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ACETIC ACID AND PROPIONIC ACID ON BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF BEEF(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY, 1993) LATHA, C; NANU, EThe bacterial contamination of meat surface is posing a threat to public health and meat trade. It is necessary to minimise the bacterial load at all levels of production, storage and marketing. Use of sanitizer is one of the methods suggested for reducing the bacterial load on carcass surface. The study was undertaken to assess the efficiency of acetic and propionic acids at one and two per cent strength as sanitizer on beef. Carcasses obtained from Kerala Agricultural University Slaughter House, were subjected for the study. The samples were maintained at ambient temperature for 24 h. The acid treatment of samples was done immediately after slaughter. The total viable count,coliform count and faecal streptococcal count were estimated by standard methods at zero, one, five, nine, and twenty-four hours of storage. An upward trend of bacterial load was observed during storage. At all intervals, the bacterial load was significantly lower in treated samples compared to that of control. The bacterial load was found to be significantly lower in samples subjected to acid treatments at two per cent level than one per cent. The persistence of the effect was found to be inversely proportional to the duration of storage. The bacterial load could generally be confined with one per cent acetic acid upto five hours and 11 nine hours with two per cent acetic acid within the initial count. Though propionic acid at one and two per cent levels had beneficial effect, acetic acid was found to be better.