PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN PIGS
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Date
1998
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the bacterial diseases which affect
pigs and produce severe economic loss to the farmers since it
causes abortion, still birth, sterility and other
complications in pigs. The disease in pigs is also a threat
to public health because the etiologic agent can be readily
transferred from infected pigs to human beings and can cause
the disease in them. Considering the above facts, a
serological study was undertaken to assess the extent of the
disease present in pigs as well as human beings. During the
investigation, serum samples from 255 pigs and 250 human were
collected and were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT),
Standard tube agglutination test (STAT), Heat inactivation
test (HIT), 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-MET) and by Ethylene
diamine tetra acetate agglutination test (EAT), to detect the
presence Brucella agglutinin in these sera.
One hundred and seventy samples were collected from
slaughtered pigs of which 37 (21.76%) samples gave a positive
titre with STAT but only 34 (20%) samples had a positive titre
by HIT. Twenty seven (15.88%) out of 170 samples gave
positive test reaction by RBPT, 2-MET and EAT.
Eighty five samples were collected from the farm reared
pigs. Seven (8.24%) of these samples revealed positive
agglutination reaction by RBPT, STAT and HIT.
2-mercaptoethanol test could detect only five (5.88%) of their
samples as positive for brucellosis whereas six (7.06%)
samples showed positive test reaction by EAT. Out of the 255
serum samples collected from pigs, 26 (10.2%) were found
positive with all the tests.
Among the 250 human serum samples screened, four of them
were found positive for the disease with all the tests. Of
the positive samples one male and two female samples were
obtained from general population. One of the 88 samples
collected from veterinary students was found positive by the
tests used in this study. Twenty samples each collected from
veterinarians and pig farm attendants were found negative for
the disease.
Out of all the tests used in this study, STAT was able to
detect maximum number of reactors, followed by HIT, RBPT, EAT
and finally by 2-MET. The reasons for differences in
seropositivity with different tests on the same sample were
discussed.
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