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Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), Telangana
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POSTHARVEST QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF PINK FLESHED DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus spp.) COATED WITH CHITOSANRACHAPALLY PRASHANTH; Dr. A. Kiran Kumar; Dr. M. Raj Kumar; Dr. K.AparnaThesisItem Open Access "EFFECT OF NPK, BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOSTIMULANTS ON GROWTH, FLOWERING, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHINA ASTER (Callistephus chinensis L.) Cv. ARKA KAMINI”(COLLEHE OF HORITCULTURE, MOJERLA, 2021-11-27) SRIPATHI BHARATHKUMAR; Dr. P. PRASANTH; Dr. M. SREENIVAS; Dr. P. GOUTHAMI; Dr. G. SATHISHThe present study entitled “Effect of NPK, Biofertilizers and Biostimulants on growth, flowering, seed yield and quality of China aster (Callistephus chinensis L.) Cv. Arka Kamini” was carried at Floricultural Research Station, (Agricultural Research Institute) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during November to April 2020- 2021. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications and seven treatments viz., T1 - RDF 100 %, T2 - RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB, T3 - RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %), T4 - RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Humic acid (0.5 %), T5 - RDF 50 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB, T6 - RDF 50 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) and T7 - RDF 50 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Humic acid (0.5 %). The study revealed that significant differences were recorded in China aster. Among the growth parameters, maximum plant height (8.27, 23.56 and 32.27 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 DAT were noticed in T6 i.e., RDF 50 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %). Maximum number of branches per plant (6.20 and 23.96) at 30 and 90 DAT was recorded in T7 i.e., RDF 50 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Humic acid (0.5 %) and (12.22) at 60 DAT was observed in T3- RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) Among different flowering parameters T3- RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) recorded least number of days taken for flower bud initiation (50.64 days), minimum number of days taken for bud opening (18.33 days), minimum number of days for 50 % flowering (60.97 days) and maximum duration of flowering (48.37 days). Among different treatment combinations T6 - RDF 50 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) recorded maximum flower diameter (5.53 cm). Whereas, T3 - RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) recorded maximum flower longevity on plant (15.22 days), maximum number of flowers per plant (21.98) and maximum flower yield per plant (50.16 g). The application of RDF 75% + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5%) (T3) recorded highest seed yield per flower (0.30 g), seed yield per plant (6.59), number of seeds per gram (484.00 g) and test weight (1.72). Further, maximum germination percentage (90.00 %), seedling length (5.93 cm) and seedling vigour index (534.67) was recorded in T6 - RDF 50 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %). The highest available nitrogen (208.33 kg/ha) phosphorus (57.91 kg/ha) and potassium (162.56 kg/ha) in soil was recorded by the application of RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) (T3) The data on the economics of effect of NPK, Biofertilizers and Biostimulants on China aster revealed that, T3 - RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) recorded the highest benefit cost ratio (2.37) over other treatments. It can be concluded that, T6 - RDF 50 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) proved to be the best treatment compared to other treatments to improve plant height, flower quality and yield parameters and seed quality parameters of China aster. While, T3 i.e., RDF 75 % + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB + Seaweed extract (0.5 %) was found to be the best treatment to improve flowering parameters, seed parameters and soil nutrient status of China asterThesisItem Open Access “EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND QUALITY OF MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. ARKA BANGARA”(COLLEHE OF HORITCULTURE, MOJERLA, 2021-12-08) Mr. SRAVANKUMAR THOKALA; Dr. N. SEENIVASAN; Dr. M. SREENIVAS; Dr. P. GOUTHAMI; Dr. G. SATHISHA field experiment was conducted on “effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, flower yield and quality of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. arka bangara.” at PG Research Block, College of Horticulture, Mojerla, Wanaparthy, Telangana during Rabi, 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized block design with three replications and nine treatments viz., T1- 75% RDF + AMC (Arka Microbial Consortium) 75%, T2- 75% RDF + AMC (Arka Microbial Consortium) 100%, T3- 75% RDF + APK (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) 75%, T4- 75% RDF + APK (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) 100%, T5- 100% RDF + AMC (Arka Microbial Consortium) 75%, T6- 100% RDF + AMC (Arka Microbial Consortium) 100%, T7- 100% RDF + APK (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) 75%, T8- 100% RDF + APK (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) 100%, T9- Control. The study revealed that significant differences were recorded in Marigold. Among the growth paramers, The interaction of F2B2 recorded maximum plant height (91.35 cm) whereas, minimum plant height (84.46 cm) was found in F1B1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAT. Interaction of F2B2 recorded maximum plant spread E-W and N-S respectively (44.23 and 43.89). however, minimum plant spread E-W and N-S respectively (37.92) were recorded in interaction of F1B3 at 30, 60 and 90 DAT. Significantly, highest number of branches per plant (13.45) were found in F2B2 however, lowest number of branches per plant (7.80) per plant in F1B3 at final harvest. Among different flowering parameters, minimum number of days were recorded in flower bud initiation in F2B2 (29.22) whereas, maximum days were observed in interaction of F1B3 (38.43). Minimum number of days recorded in Days taken for 50% flowering (56.73) in F2B2 and maximum days (67.96) were recorded in interaction of F1B3. Maximum number of fully opened flowers/plant recorded (15.75) in interaction of F2B2. whereas, F1B3 recorded (7.54) minimum number of fully opened flowers/plant. Minimum days taken for full bloom (81.41 days) was found in interaction of F2B2 and maximum (89.24 days) in F1B3. Maximum flower yield per hectare (20.69 t/ha) observed in interaction of F2B2 and minimum (11.93 t/ha) flower yield per hectare in F1B3. Significantly, maximum fresh weight of flowers (9.93 g) was recorded in interaction of F2B2 and minimum fresh weight of flowers (3.87 g) in F1B3. Among different flower quality parameters, Maximum duration of flowering (56.67 days) was recorded in interaction of F2B2 and minimum duration of flowering (45.37 days) in interaction of F1B3. Significantly, maximum flower longevity on plant (8.32 days) was found in F2B2 and minimum (2.67 days) flower longevity on plant in F1B3. Maximum moisture content recorded (75.09 %) in interaction of F2B2. whereas, F1B3 recorded (64.52 %) minimum moisture content. Significantly, maximum shelf life of flowers (10.03 days) was recorded in interaction of F2B2 and minimum fresh weight of flowers (3.68 days) in F1B3. The data on the economics of effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, flower yield and quality of marigold revealed that, T6 - 100% RDF combination with AMC (Arka Microbial Consortium) @100% recorded the highest benefit cost ratio (2.90) over other treatments. Based on results, T6 - 100% RDF combination with AMC (Arka Microbial Consortium) @100% proved to be the best treatment to improve growth, flower yield and quality parameters of MarigoldThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF ORNAMENTAL TREES (Cassia fistula L., Delonix regia Raf., Cassia nodosa L., Bauhinia purpurea L.)”(COLLEHE OF HORITCULTURE, MOJERLA, 2021-12-09) Ms.ASMA AFREEN; Dr.P.PRASANTH; Dr.N.SEENIVASAN; Dr.P.GOUTHAMIThe present investigation entitled “studies on the effect of different methods of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of ornamental flowering trees (Cassia fistula L., Delonix regia Raf., Cassia nodosa L., Bauhinia purpurea L.)” was carried out during the rabi season of the year 2018-19 at the College of Horticulture, Mojerla, Wanaparthy (Dist.) In experiment 1: Effect of pre-sowing physical treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of ornamental trees The results related to the germination parameters in Cassia fistula revealed that, hot water treatment (T4) recorded the lowest days taken for initiation of germination (3.33), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (5.15), no of days for 100 % germination (6.81), scarification (T1) (77.30) recorded maximum germination percentage, however hot water treatment Name of the author : ASMA AFREEN Title of the thesis : “STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF ORNAMENTAL FLOWERING TREES (Cassia fistula L., Delonix regia Raf., Cassia nodosa L., Bauhinia purpurea L.)” Degree : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HORTICULTURE Faculty : HORTICULTURE Major Field : FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Major Advisor : Dr. P. PRASANTH Senior. Scientist (Hort.) &Head Floriculture Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030. University : SRI KONDA LAXMAN TELANGANASTATE HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2021 (T4) for peak value (10.51) and germination value (26.92). The results pertaining to growth parameters in Cassia fistula, hot water treatment (T4) recorded the maximum no. of compound leaves per plant for 30, 60, 90 DAS (13.00, 21.00, 32.00), shoot length of the seedling per plant (8.00, 16.00, 19.00 cm), root length registered maximum in T1- Scarification (26.00, 30.67, 36.00 cm), however hot water treatment (T4) for no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (4.67, 9.00, 11.00), seedling vigour index was registered maximum in T1 - Scarification (2602.69, 3555.80, 4176.20), hot water treatment (T4) in survival percentage (85.00), collar diameter at 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.96, 5.81, 5.88 mm). The results related to the germination parameters in Delonix regia revealed that, hot water treatment (T4) recorded the lowest days taken for initiation of germination (4.67), number of days taken for 50 per cent of germination (6.59), no. of days for 100 % germination (9.28) and maximum germination percentage (83.17), peak value (8.18), germination value (22.67). In respect of growth parameters in Delonix regia, hot water treatment (T4) recorded the maximum no.of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (18.37 , 20.01, 20.35), shoot length of the seedling per plant (14.33, 15.67, 17.33), root length (17.00, 22.00, 27.00) was T1- Scarification, no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (4.10, 5.10, 6.00), seedling vigour index (2339.65, 3509.88, 3509.88), However, survival percentage at 90 DAS (94.00) and collar diameter at 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.70, 4.20, 5.00 mm) was recorded. The results of germination parameters in Cassia nodosa revealed that, hot water treatment (T4) recorded the lowest days taken for initiation of germination (5.67), number of days taken for 50 per cent of germination (6.83), no. of days for 100 per cent germination (9.37). Where as, the germination percentage (77.33) T1- Scarification, treatment (T4) along with peak value (7.08) and germination value (17.25). The result related to growth parameters in Cassia nodosa, hot water treatment (T4) recorded the maximum no of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (8.83 , 9.33 , 9.50), shoot length of the seedling per plant (17.00, 20.00, 22.00), root length (16.00, 20.67, 26.00) T1- Scarification, no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (8.83, 9.33, 9.50), seedling vigour index (2542.57, 2996.67, 3670.53), survival percentage 90 DAS (80.00) and collar diameter (2.29, 2.35, 2.54 mm) respectively. Germination parameters of Bauhinia purpurea differed significantly with physical treatments, hot water treatment (T4) recorded the lowest days taken for initiation of germination (6.33), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (8.33), no. of days for 100 per cent germination (9.95). Where as, scarification (T1) germination percentage (77.60), hot water treatment (T4) for peak value (7.20) and germination value (17.90) were recorded maximum in T4- hot water treated seeds. The result related to growth parameters in Bauhinia purpurea, hot water treatment (T4) recorded the highest no. of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (5.33 , 9.67, 14.83), shoot length of the seedling per plant (14.50, 18.67, 24.67 cm), root length (21.33, 26.33, 31.67 cm), no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (4.67, 9.89, 14.28), seedling vigour index (2707.36, 3452.01, 4238.41) was T1- Scarification, survival percentage at 90 DAS (71.00) and collar diameter (3.33, 3.50, 4.06 mm) respectively. In experiment 2: Effect of pre-sowing chemical treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of ornamental trees The results recorded in respect of germination parameters in Cassia fistula T3-20% H2SO4 recorded the lowest days taken for initiation of germination (5.33), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (11.65), no. of days for 100 per cent germination (40.14), and maximum germination percentage (81.43), peak value (5.25) and germination value (14.64). The result related to growth parameters in Cassia fistula, T3 -20% H2SO4 recorded the maximum no. of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (10.00, 20.00, 25.00), shoot height of the seedling per plant(6.33 , 13.57 , 19.33 cm), root length (17.22 , 22.56 , 28.67 cm), no of branches / bipinnate leaves (7.00, 8.00, 9.00), seedling vigour index (1917.68, 2942.07 , 3908.64), where as, survival percentage T6-20% HCl at 90 DAS (86.00) and collar diameter at 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.29 , 5.07 , 5.09 mm) for T3-20% H2SO4. In Delonix regia T3-20 % H2SO4 recorded the least days taken for initiation of germination (11.67), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (11.55), no of days for 100 per cent germination (40.14) and maximum germination percentage (83.83), peak value (4.42), germination value (14.74). The result related to growth parameters in Delonix regia, T3-20% H2SO4 recorded the maximum no. of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (14.33, 15.20, 41.67), shoot height of the seedling per plant (12.33, 16.33, 19.67 cm), root length (13.67, 18.67, 22.67 cm), no of branches / bipinnate leaves for 30, 60, 90 DAS (4.67, 6.00, 7.00), seedling vigour index (2179.58, 2934.05, 3549.36), survival percentage T3-20% H2SO4 for 90 DAS (89.00) and collar diameter for 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.50 , 2.70 , 2.80 mm). In Cassia nodosa T3-20% H2SO4 recorded the least days taken for initiation of germination (8.00), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (8.39), no. of days for 100 per cent germination (11.33), germination percentage (67.03), peak value (5.37), germination value (12.57). The result related to growth parameters in Cassia nodosa, T3-20% H2SO4 recorded maximum no. of compound leaves per plant T3-20% H2SO4 at 30, 60, 90 DAS (8.00, 8.00, 8.67), shoot length of the seedling per plant (12.33 , 20.67 , 29.00 cm), root length (18.00 , 22.67 , 28.00), no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (8.00, 8.00, 8.67), seedling vigour index for 30, 60, 90 DAS (2033.02 , 2905.08, 3820.71), survival percentage at 90 DAS (79.00) and collar diameter for 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.03 , 2.15, 2.29 mm). The results related to the germination parameters in Bauhinia purpurea T3 -20% H2SO4 recorded the least days taken for initiation of germination (14.33), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (16.20), no. of days for 100 per cent germination (18.03) and maximum germination percentage (63.10), peak value (3.22), germination value (7.36). The result related to growth parameters in Bauhinia purpurea, T3-20% H2SO4 recorded the maximum no. of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (8.00, 10.67, 12.33), shoot length of the seedling per plant (13.67 , 20.67 , 25.00 cm), root length (12.67, 17.67 , 23.00 cm), no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (8.00, 10.67, 12.33), seedling vigour index (1662.05 , 2419.25, 3028.80), survival percentage at 90 DAS (73.00) and collar diameter for 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.75 , 2.8 , 2.85 mm). In experiment 3: Effect of pre-sowing growth stimulant treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of ornamental trees. The results related to the germination parameters in Cassia fistula T3- GA3 750 ppm treatment recorded the least days taken for initiation of germination (12.00), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (13.42), no. of days for 100 per cent germination (14.82), germination percentage (63.10) and maximum peak value (4.55), germination value (7.79). The result related to growth parameters in Cassia fistula T3- GA3 750 ppm recorded maximum no.of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (15.00, 27.00, 34.00), shoot height of the seedling per plant (9.47, 14.00, 22.67 cm), root length (37.00, 42.67, 48.00 cm), no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (9.00, 8.00, 8.33), seedling vigour index for 30, 60, 90 DAS (2932.26, 3575.88, 4459.28), survival percentage for 30, 60, 90 DAS (86.5, 86.4, 86) and collar diameterfor 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.29, 5.08, 5.09 mm). In Delonix regia T3- GA3 750 ppm recorded the least days taken for initiation of germination (6.50), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (8.25), no. of days for 100 per cent germination (11.33), germination percentage (95.07) and maximum peak value (7.72), germination value (23.99). The result related to growth parameters in Delonix regia T3- GA3 750 ppm recorded the maximum no. of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (14.67, 23.00, 31.67), shoot height of the seedling per plant (13.67, 18.00, 21.00), root length for (22.67, 27.33, 32.67), no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (6.00, 7.00, 11.00), seedling vigour index (3454.84, 4309.52, 5102.41), survival percentage at 90 DAS (99.00) and collar diameter at 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.70, 2.75, 2.80). The results related to the germination parameters in Cassia nodosa T3- GA3 750ppm recorded the least days taken for initiation of germination (10.00), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (11.83), no. of days for 100 per cent germination (13.48) and maximum germination percentage (74.10), peak value(5.54), germination value (13.44). The result related to growth parameters in Cassia nodosa, T3- GA3 750 ppm recorded the maximum no. of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (8.33, 8.67, 9.00), shoot length of the seedling per plant (17.00, 23.00, 32.33 cm), root length (21.33, 25.67, 31.00 cm), no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (8.33, 8.67, 9.00), seedling vigour index (2840.25, 3606.45, 4692.75), survival percentage at 90 DAS (80.00) and collar diameter for 30, 60, 90 DAS (2.13, 2.20, 2.30 mm). The results recorded in respect to germination parameters in Bauhinia purpurea T3- GA3 750 ppm recorded the least days taken for initiation of germination (7.43), number of days taken for 50 percent of germination (8.64), no of days for 100 per cent germination (9.74), germination percentage (70.10), peak value (7.17) and maximum germination value (16.55). The result related to growth parameters in Bauhinia purpurea, T3- GA3 750 ppm recorded the maximum no. of compound leaves per plant at 30, 60, 90 DAS (8.33, 12.17, 12.67), shoot length of the seedling per plant (24.67, 25.67, 35.67 cm), root length (21.00, 26.00, 31.00 cm), no. of branches / bipinnate leaves (8.33, 12.17, 12.67), seedling vigour index (3201.47, 3622.07, 4673.57), survival percentage at 90 DAS (77.00) and collar diameter for 30, 60, 90 DAS (3.30, 3.35, 3.40 mm)ThesisItem Open Access “EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MEDIA COMPOSITION AND SHADE LEVELS ON GROWTH AND MARKETABILITY OF TROPICAL ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS”(COLLEHE OF HORITCULTURE, MOJERLA, 2021-12-10) Mr.G.Harish; Dr.N.SREENIVASAN; Dr.A.GIRWANI; Mr.B.CHANDRA SHEKERThe present experiment entitled “Effect of different media composition and shade levels on growth and marketability of tropical ornamental foliage plants” was carried out during the winter season of the year 2018-19 at the Floriculture Research Block, College of Horticulture, Mojerla. The results revealed that significant differences were recorded in different ornamental foliage plants (Dieffenbachia, Syngonium, Philodendron) Among the different compositions of media, M2 combination of media Red Earth + Cocopeat (1:1) at 120 days after planting (DAP) recorded maximum leaf length (26.26 cm,10.80cm, 13.86 cm), leaf width (10.00 cm, 9.00 cm, 3.80 cm), leaf area (201.80 cm 2 ,132.95 cm2 , 68.11 cm2 ), length of the petiole (9.18 cm, 23.07 cm, 4.50 cm), height of the plant (43.58 cm, 32.25 cm, 17.75 cm), number of leaves (10.62, 10.87, 6.62), length of the internodes (2.71 cm, 5.47 cm, 1.30 cm), shoot fresh weight (69.00 g, 22.91 g, 8.22 g), number of roots (14.25, 6.62, 6.75), length of the roots (49.25 cm, 27.01cm, 34.76 cm), fresh weight of roots (36.13 g, 19.5 g, 7.70 g) over other combination of media. Among the shade levels, 80 % shade recorded maximum leaf length (27.10 cm, 9.86 cm, 16.80 cm), leaf width (10.11cm, 8.28 cm, 5.08 cm), leaf area (210.10 cm 2 , 132.95 cm2 , 86.20 cm2 ), length of the petiole (10.23 cm, 24.00 cm, 4.58 cm), height of the plant (50.36 cm, 35.13 cm, 23.67 cm), number of leaves (9.87, 10.50, 7.25), length of the internodes (2.71 cm,7.12 cm,1.75 cm), shoot fresh weight (71.90 g, 22.30 g, 10.20 g ), length of the roots (47.70 cm, 26.70 cm, 39.90 cm), fresh weight of roots (36.25 g, 18.50 g, 9.80 g) over other combination of media. Name of the author : G. HARISH Title of the thesis : EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MEDIA COMPOSITION AND SHADE LEVELS ON GROWTH AND MARKETABILITY OF TROPICAL ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE PLANTS Degree : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HORTICULTURE Faculty : HORTICULTURE Major Field : FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Major Advisor : Dr. N. SEENIVASAN University : SRI KONDA LAXMAN TELANAGA STATE HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2021 The interaction between different compositions media and shade levels had significant influence on plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, number of roots, leaf quality, leaf colour at final stage. M2 combination of media (Red Earth+Cocopeat (1:1) and Shade level (80% shade) registered significantly maximum leaf length (30.50 cm, 11.80 cm, 20.30 cm), leaf width (11.70 cm, 9.75 cm, 5.55 cm), leaf area (241.90 cm 2 , 140.90 cm2 , 98.30 cm2 ), length of the petiole (11.85 cm, 27.90 cm, 6.30 cm), height of the plant (55.90 cm, 38.60 cm, 27.10 cm), number of leaves (12.00, 13.00, 10.00), length of the internodes (3.40 cm, 8.55 cm, 2.15 cm), shoot fresh weight (87.05 g, 26.70 g, 13.30 g), number of roots (17.00, 8.00,10.00), length of the roots (60.30 cm, 30.40 cm.52.70 cm), fresh weight of roots (44.50g, 20.50 g, 12.30 g). Among the different compositions of media, M2 combination of media (Red soil + Cocopeat (1:1)) recorded less number of days taken to bud sprouting (27.18 days, 30.50 days, 30.71 days) and full leaf expansion (8.60 days, 8.62 days, 7.50 days ). where as shade levels of 80 % shade recorded less number of days taken to bud sprouting (30.76 days, 29.10 days, 29.70 days) and full leaf expansion (9.50 days, 9.12 days,7.00 days). The data on quality of plants indicated that, among the different compositions media, M2 combination media (Red Earth+ Cocopeat (1:1)) recorded significantly good quality and colour of the leaves. Among the shade levels, 80 % shade recorded the excellent quality and colour of leaves. Data on economics indicated that among all media compositions and shade levels, interaction effect of M2 combination of media (Red Earth + Cocopeat (1:1) and 80 % shade level recorded maximum gross returns (39600.00, 38800.00, 46750.00), net returns (27050.00, 21750.00, 34200.00) and B : C (2.15, 2.09, 2.72) ratioes over other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access “GENETIC VARIABILITY AND DIVERGENCE STUDIES IN RIDGE GOURD (Luffa acutangula L.)”(COLLEHE OF HORITCULTURE, MOJERLA, 2022-03-24) GUGULOTHU SURESH; Dr.N.SREENIVASAN; Dr.J.Srinivas; Dr.B.SAI KRISHNA NIKHILThe investigation entitled “Genetic Variability and Divergence studies in Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) genotypes” was carried to estimate the genetic divergence, genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components of ridge gourd genotypes. Twenty four genotypes were sown in a Randomized Block Design with three replications to evaluate genetic divergence at College of Horticulture, Mojerla, Wanaparthy, during Rabi, 2021. The data on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for yield and yield contributing characters under study revealed that there was significant amount of variation among genotypes for all the sixteen characters studied. Wide range of variability was observed for number of leaves per vine (700.51) followed by average fruit weight (643.33) and days to first appearance of male flower (12.27) indicating the scope for selection of initial breeding material for further improvement. The results of mean performance of twenty four genotypes for sixteen characters revealed that the genotype IC - 279347 found to be the superior for yield and yield contributing characters i.e., fruit yield per vine (1956.48), number of fruits per vine (4.44 g) and average fruit weight (146.88). The genotype IC - 341099 found to be significantly superior for number of primary branches (15.778). The genotype IC - 262128 recorded more number of leaves per vine (120.55). The genotype IC - 279347 was found to be superior for leaf width. Highest internodal length was found in genotype IC - 264908 (21.23). Mahalanobis D2 statistical analysis classified twenty four genotypes into five clusters and revealed that fruit yield per vine (14.32%) contributed maximum towards divergence followed by number of fruits per vine (13.45%), fruit diameter (11.50%), node number for first female flower appearance (9.78%), fruit length (8.90%), sex ratio (8.21%), node number for first male flower appearance (7.00%), average fruit weight (6.50%), days to first female flower appearance (4.00%), internodal length (3.00%), number of leaves per vine (2.00%), days to first male flower appearance (2.00%), number of primary branches (1.09%), leaf width (1.00%), and leaf length (0.36%). The inter cluster D2 value revealed that the highest inter cluster generalized distance (522.87) was between cluster IV and V while the lowest (13.56) was between cluster II and IV. The genotypes of clusters showing high genetic divergence could be effectively utilized in heterosis breeding programme. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean indicates operation of additive gene action which was observed in characters viz., number of leaves per vine, average fruit weight. From correlation studies, fruit yield per vine exhibited high significant positive association with vine length, number of primary branches, internodal length, number of leaves per vine, leaf length, node number for first male flower appearance, node number for first female flower appearance, days to first male flower appearance, days to first female flower appearance, sex ratio, number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight, fruit length and diameter indicating the importance of these traits in selection for yield. These characters should form selection criterion in breeding programmes. Direct selection based on these traits could result in simultaneous improvement of traits and bulb yield in ridge gourd. The path coefficient analysis in the study revealed the improvement of yield by improving the characters i.e., vine length, number of primary branches, internodal length, leaf length, days to first male flower appearance, sex ratio, number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter, the genotypes exhibited the genotypes which exhibited better performance for these characters can be used in further improvement of ridge gourd. Considering the mean performance, five superior genotypes viz., IC 279347, IC- 262128, IC- 355974 and IC-355959 with high yield and quality components may be utilized as parents in further improvement studies through various breeding strategies and after multilocation, multiseasonal studies may be released.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIALS ON SHELF LIFE OF INTACT AND ISOLATED BANANA (Musa paradisiaca L.)(Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2019-06-20) NAZEER NAWABI; Dr. CH. Raja GoudThe present investigation entitled “STUDY ON EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIALS ON SHELF LIFE OF INTACT AND ISOLATED BANANA (Musa Paradisiaca L.).” was conducted at Post Harvest Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University (S.K.L.T.S.H.U), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during the year 2018-2019. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of different packaging materials on shelf life of banana under different conditions. First and second experiment was carried out with 12 treatments in Completely Randomized Design with three replications to study effect of packaging materials on shelf life of intact and isolated banana, respectively and various physical parameters like PLW (%), fruit firmness (kg/cm2), pulp to peel ratio, color development, spoilage record during experiment, DA meter, shelf-life (16) were studied. The results revealed that, the lowest recorded PLW (%) was recorded in fruits kept in polythene covers of intact banana fruits in HDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (2.77) and isolated banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (2.02). This might be due to lower rate of transpiration, oxygen depletion, CO2 accumulation in the polythene bags reaching on equilibrium and as a result the respiratory process was slowed down at 16th days. The fruit firmness were highest firmness polyethylene bags covered recorded intact banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (4.80) and isolated banana fruits LDPE (40 microns) with1% Perforation (2.93). As a result of fruit related to the changes in the amount of pectin materials cementing the cell walls and the hydrolysis of starch, hemicellulose and cellulose in the fruit. Firmness of the fruit in terms of pressure was found to reduce with increase in storage period at 16th days. The pulp to peel ratio was recorded in polythene cover intact bananas fruits LDPE (40 microns) with non Perforation (3.50) and isolated banana fruits HDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (2.87) may be due to slow rate of ripening as well created by O2 depletion and CO2 accumulation. Reduces the transpiration loss and osmotic pressures to pulp and peel resulting in narrow ratio of pulp to peel in treated fruits Transpiration is relatively constant in mature green fruit in pulp to peel ratio as ripening advanced in the fruits at 16th days. The highest peel thickness was noticed polyethylene bags recorded intact banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 1%Perforation (2.73) and isolated banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with Non Perforation (2.45). As a result of fruit related to humidity of peel that losing of humidity of peel during the repining of fruit at 16th days. DA Meter is a new technology the maximum fruit DA meter was recorded intact banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with Non Perforation (0.92) and isolated banana fruits HDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (0.39) at 16th days. This provides a rapid non-destructive method for assessing fruit maturity from orchard to market. Being non-destructive, the DA Meter can monitor fruit maturity as it develops in the orchard to predict the optimum harvest date. DA meter maturity classes can be identified to optimize harvest timing to supply local and export markets of choice at 16th days. Fruits packed in polythene cover with LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (18.66) intact banana fruits and isolated banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 1%Perforation (17.88) isolated banana were recorded spoilage percent during at 16days. It was recorded that, polythene bags cover the maximum shelf life of intact banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (15.33) and isolated banana fruits LDPE (50 microns) with 2% Perforation (15.70. This might be due to accumulation or maintenance of high relative humidity in the polythene bags there by reduced rate of transpiration at 16th days.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Dendranthema grandiflora) CULTIVARS FOR POT MUMS(Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2019-07-16) P. MAMATHA; Dr. A. Manohar RaoThe present investigation entitled “Influence of different growing media on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) cultivars for potmums” was carried out at Floricultural Research Station, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad during September 2018 to February 2019. The experiment was conducted in factorial completely randomized design comprising 18 treatment combinations with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of 9 growing media G1: soil + sand + FYM (2:1:1), G2 : soil + sand + vermicompost (2:1:1), G3: cocopeat + sand + FYM (2:1:1), G4:cocopeat + sand + vermicompost (2:1:1), G5: soil + cocopeat + sand + FYM (2:1:0.5:0.5), G6: soil + cocopeat + sand + vermicompost(2:1:0.5:0.5), G7:cocopeat + soil + sand + FYM (2:1:0.5:0.5), G8: cocopeat + soil + sand + vermicompost (2:1:0.5:0.5), G9: control ( red soil ) with two cultivars Cv. Akitha and Cv. Redstone. The growth parameters at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting, flowering, flower quality parameters were recorded and subjected to data analysis. Among different growing media G8 recorded maximum plant height (20.77, 24.03 and 28.40 cm), number of branches (3.10, 4.50 and 6.90), plant spread in N-S (13.51, 19.83 and 23.42 cm), plant spread E-W(14.04, 22.85 and 25.96 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting respectively, maximum number of fully opened flowers per pot(30.25), number of flowers per pot (49.40), maximum flower diameter(4.30) , flower longevity (17.97 days )and duration of flowering (26.62 days) but G7 recorded minimum number of days for flower bud initiation (59.37), 50 percent flowering (103.14) and 100 percent flowering (118.71). Among the treatment combinations C2G8 i.e. Cv. Redstone in cocopeat + Soil + Sand + vermicompost (2:1:0.5:0.5) recorded maximum plant height (19.93, 24.33 and 30.73 cm), number of branches (3.53, 5.07and 7.20), plant spread in N-S (14.83, 20.49 and 24.18cm), plant spread E-W(15.00, 24.03 and 28.32 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting respectively, maximum number of fully opened flowers per pot (32.17), number of flowers per pot (50.72), maximum flower diameter(4.56 cm) , flower longevity (18.73 days )and duration of flowering (27.80 days) but C2G7 i.e. Cv. Redstone in cocopeat + soil + sand + FYM (2:1:0.5:0.5), treatment combination recorded minimum number of days for flower bud initiation (49.13days ), 50 percent flowering(90.67 days) and 100 percent flowering (108.48 days). The data on economics revealed that the treatment combination C2G8 i.e. Cv. Redstone in cocopeat + Soil + Sand + vermicompost (2:1:0.5:0.5) recorded highest benefit cost ratio (4.63:1) followed by C2G7 i.e. Cv. Redstone in cocopeat + soil + sand + FYM (2:1:0.5:0.5) (4.56:1) when compared to all other treatment combination. It can be concluded from present investigation that among two cultivars Cv. Redstone responded well when compared to Cv. Akitha. The growing media G8: cocopeat + soil + sand + vermicompost (2:1:0.5:0.5) had shown significant difference in growth, flowering and flower quality attributes with highest benefit cost ratio among all other growing media.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VARIETIES AND BIOFERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF STRAWBERRY (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) IN NATURALLY VENTILATED POLYHOUSE(Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mulugu, Siddipet (Dist.), College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, 2021-12-08) APPANI LAXMAN KUMAR; Dr. K. VANAJALATHAThe present investigation “Studies on the performance of varieties and biofertilizers application on growth, yield, quality and shelf life of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in naturally ventilated polyhouse” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during the year 2018-19 and 2019-20. The study was carried out in a set of three experiments, first one on performance of Strawberry varieties in naturally ventilated polyhouse, second experiment on the effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Strawberry varieties and third experiment on effect of different packaging materials on shelf life of Strawberry varieties. In experiment one, varietal performance of Strawberry in naturally ventilated polyhouse was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications. The results revealed that, var. Winter Dawn has outperformed over all other varieties for vegetative, flowering, yield and quality parameters. The maximum plant height (25.55 cm), plant spread (35.43 cm east-west) and (38.35 cm north-south), number of runners (5.89) and minimum number of days to runner formation (140) was recorded in var. Winter Dawn. The pooled data also revealed minimum number of days to emergence of first flower (75.43), longest flowering duration (58.29 days), minimum number of days to fifty per cent flowering (103.99), minimum number of days flowering to fruit set(12.35 days), maximum fruit set (84.31%), minimum number of days to maturity (27.88 days) and total number of fruits per plant (13.03). Further, the improvement in physical parameters maximum fruit length (40.0 mm), fruit weight (15.93 g), yield per plant (207.65 g), fruit yield per plot (2.00kg) and yield per hectare (11.34 tha-1) were recorded in var. Winter Dawn. Among the evaluated varieties, var. Sweet Charlie had recorded maximum fruit diameter (3.67 cm), total soluble solids (7.30ºBrix), acidity (0.83%), reducing sugars (4.51%) and total sugars (6.17%) While, var. Winter Dawn had registered maximum ascorbic acid (47.74mg/100g), anthocyanin (63.45 mg/100), minimum albinism disorder (1.42%) and maximum benefit cost ratio (2.29) as per the pooled data. Considering the effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Strawberry varieties, the maximum plant height (25.10 cm), plant spread (36.26 cm East-west), (36.56 cm North-south), number of runners per plant (6.60) and minimum number of days to runner formation (135.33) was recorded in var. Winter Dawn. The minimum number of days to 50 per cent flowering (88.38), maximum flowering duration (54.44), minimum number of days from flowering to fruit set (10.39), highest fruit set percentage (74.90 %), maximum fruit length(36.7 mm), maximum fruit weight (16.58 g), fruit diameter (3.40 cm), maximum total number of fruits per plant (13.56) , minimum number of days to maturity (26.18), maximum fruit yield per plant (225.13 g), fruit yield per plot (2.20 kg) and yield per hectare (12.47 tha-1) was recorded in var. Winter Dawn. In case of quality parameters, var. Winter Dawn had recorded maximum total soluble solids (7.17 ºBrix), minimum acidity (0.71%), maximum reducing sugars (4.41 %), total sugars (6.08 %) and anthocyanin (64.40 mg/100g). Similarly, var. Sweet Charlie had maximum ascorbic acid (51.57 mg/100g), total sugars (6.08 %). In case of soil nutrient availability, maximum available nitrogen (310.50 kg/ha), phosphorous (16.79 kg/ha), potassium (171.59 kg/ha) and maximum leaf nitrogen (2.83 %), phosphorous (1.11 %) and potassium (2.82 %) content was observed in var. Winter Dawn. In comparison with different biofertilizers, the application of Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria gave the highest plant height (26.07 cm), maximum plant spread (36.05 cm east-west), (35.82 cm north-south direction), maximum number of runners per plant (5.79), minimum number of days to runner formation after planting (138.83). Similarly, the pooled data revealed that minimum number of days to emergence to first flower (56.11), number of days to 50 per cent flowering (83.29), longest flowering duration (54.09), minimum number of days from flowering to fruit set (9.95), maximum fruit set (73.34 %), fruit length (37.9 mm), fruit weight (16.84 g), fruit diameter (3.42 cm), minimum days to maturity (26.96), maximum total number of fruits per plant (13.31), yield per plant (224.25 g), yield per plot (2.19 kg), yield per hectare (12.42 tha-1) and minimum albinism (2.63%) were recorded with application of biofertilizers Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6 kg/ha). Fruits with maximum total soluble solids (7.06 ºBrix), reducing sugars (4.37 %), total sugars (6.05 %), ascorbic acid (50.73 mg/100g), anthocyanin (62.24 mg/100g) and lower acidity (0.74%) was noticed with application of biofertilizers Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6 kg/ha). The maximum available soil nitrogen (310.62 kg/ha), phosphorous (14.83 kg/ha) and potassium (169.55 kg/ha) was registered in plots applied with Arka Microbial Consortium whereas, maximum leaf nitrogen content (3.08%), phosphorous (1.16 %) and potassium (3.04 %) was also recorded in plots treated with biofertilizers Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6 kg/ha). The combination of varieties and biofertilizers revealed that significantly maximum fruit weight (17.76 g),total number of fruits (14.62), fruit yield per plant (259.39g), fruit yield per plot (2.54 kg), fruit yield per hectare (14.42 t ha-1) and maximum benefit cost ratio (2.85) was observed with var. Winter Dawn and Azotobacter, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6kg/ha), Whereas, minimum fruit weight (14.83 g), number of total fruits (11.03), fruit yield per plant (163.30 g), fruit yield per plot (1.58 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (8.97 tha-1) was noticed with combination of var. of Shani and No biofertilizer. The modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) was studied using different packaging materials for Strawberry varieties at ambient storage temperature (25ºC). Among packaging materials, low density polyethylene (50 microns) confirmed as most effective packaging material as compared to control. The minimum weight loss (5.47 and 5.80 %), spoilage per cent (13.31 and 13.36 %), maximum ascorbic acid (27.88 and 22.74 mg/100g) and shelf life (3.17 and 3.29 days) was recorded with low density polyethylene 50 microns compared with low density polyethylene 75 microns and control during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Considering different varieties, var. Winter Dawn was recorded with minimum physiological loss in weight (6.16 and 6.41%), spoilage per cent (23.37 and 22.12%), maximum total soluble solids(5.93 and 5.94 ºBrix), acidity (0.86 and 0.83 %), reducing sugars (4.67 and 4.73 %), total sugars (5.73 and 5.83 %), non-reducing sugars (1.06 and 1.09 %) and shelf life (2.62 and 2.76 days) at fourth day of storage during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. As per the interactions between varieties and packaging materials, var. Winter Dawn fruits packed in punnets and covered with low density polyethylene 50 microns was recorded lowest physiological loss in weight (5.25 and 5.72 %), minimum spoilage percent (12.70 and 12.03 %), maximum ascorbic acid (33.84 and 27.45 mg/100g) at fourth day of storage during 2018-19 and 2019-20. Similarly, the treatment combination var. Winter Dawn and fruits packed in punnets and covered with low density polyethylene 50 microns recorded maximum benefit cost ratio (5.84). The var. Shani and fruits kept in punnets without any packaging material (control) combination was recorded with maximum physiological loss in weight (8.07 and 8.20 %), spoilage per cent (59.03 and 56.73 %) and minimum ascorbic acid content (14.59 and 16.76 mg/100g) at fourth day of storage during 2018-19 and 2019-20. In varietal evaluation, var. Winter Dawn (V1) has performed best among all other varieties for vegetative, flowering and yield parameters. The var. Winter Dawn biofertilizers Azotobacter, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (each 6 kg/ha) combination (V1B3) noticed as most excellent for growth, yield and quality. The var. Winter Dawn fruits packed in punnets and covered with low density polyethylene 50 microns (V1P2) showed lowest physiological loss in weight, spoilage per cent and proved as best packing material in increasing the shelf life of strawberry fruits.
