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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF EPIPLEURAL AND VISCERAL PROCAINE BLOCKADE IN PRIMARY INDIGESTION CASES OF BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)(AAU, Anand, 1991) Shah, Dharmendra A.; Parsania, R. R.The cases admitted to Veterinary College Hospital, Anand and Ambulatory Clinic centres at Chikhodra, Gamdi and Bedva villages were studied and 50 oases of primary indigestion were selected for therapeutic trials. The cases were grossly diagnoses on the basis of history, clinical findings and faecal sample examination. These 50 animals were divided equally into five treatment trial groups via., (a) epipleural procaine blockade (b) viscera procaine blockade (c) conventional method supplemented with epipleural procaine blockade (d) conventional method supplement with visceral procaine blockade and (e) conventional method onl Clinical observations regarding overall behaviour of the animal, its expression, ruminal motility, heart rate, respiratiorate and rectal temperature were studied before and 48 hours aft the treatment in all the five groups of buffaloes. Haematologica parameters (Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and DLC), biochemical parameters (blood glucose and BUN) and rumen fluid analysis (colour, odour, pH, protozoal motility and total volatile fatty acids concentrate were also studied before and 48 hours after the treatment. However, in all the parameters, the changes were found non-significant and remained within their normal physiological limits. Depending upon the efficacy and the rapidity with which the cases got cured, the present study has definately indicated that the procaine blockade was better than the conventional treatment. Among procaine blockades also, the visceral procaine blockade was found to be superior and practical method having wide field applicability. The present study was restricted to fifty clinical cases of primary indigestion only. But looking to the results achieved this visceral procaine blockade can be employed in more number of cases and also in variety of conditions, which may throw a light on some hidden efficacy of the same. So, further study is needed for better understanding of the blockade and i t s wide sprea uses in veterinary practices.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (DMSO) IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA IN CALVES(AAU, Anand, 1993) Garara, Shailesh V.; Jani, B. M.The experiment was conducted on twelve 6 to 12 months old cow calves to judge the nature and extent of reperfusion injury after intestinal ischemia and to evaluate protective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), All the animals were subjected to one complete and one incomplete ischemic strangulation obstruction (ISO) of about 25 cm jejunal segments for the duration of 6 hours. After 6 hours of ischemia, reperfusion of the intestinal segments was established by releasing the vascular obstructions. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups (Group A and B), The animals of Group A served as control ones and no treatment was carried out at the time of reperfusion, while animals of Group B were given 20 per cent DMSO solution in normal saline intravenously at the rate of 2 g/kg body weight at the time of reperfusion. The protective effect of DMSO was ascertained by evaluating standard clinical criteria, fluorescent pattern and histopathological findings at 24 hours reperfusion period. Physical changes like malaise, dullness, depression, change in rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate were of no significance either in ascertaining ischemic damage or in evaluating the protective effect of DMSO. Grossly, serosa of ischemic segments in control group revealed severe degenerative changes including moderate to severe adhesions, oedema and congestion, and reddish colouration while that of treated segments showed absence of adhesion, pinkish colour, hyperemia and slight oedema and congestion. Similarly mucosal changes were severe in control segments and were of very mild degree in treated segments. Following fluorescein dye injection, the treated segments showed viable fluorescent pattern while that of control segments showed non-viable fluorescent pattern. Histopathologically, control segments showed stunted mucosal villi lined by low columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells with few villi naked. The lumen contained desquamated epithelial cells with haemorrhages. Mucosa of treated segments was almost normal. Degenerative changes in submucosa, lamina propria and serosa were severe in control group while these clianges were either absent or were of very mild degree in treated segments. Based on SCC, fluorescein dye technique, and histopathological observations, it was-concluded that the intravenous DMSO therapy at the time of reperfusion could be a safe and effective supplementary therapy to combat ischemic intestinal disorders in cattle.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MANGANESE CHLORIDE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ITS COMPARISON WITH DIMETHYL SULPHOXIDE IN ATTENUATING REPERFUSION INJURY AFTER ISCHAEMIC STRANGULATION OBSTRUCTION OF JEJUNUM IN COWS(AAU, Anand, 1994) Mistry, Jayantilal N.; PARSANIA, R. R.The experiment was conducted in two parts , each consisting of 15 adult purebred ( Jersey/Holstein Friesian) cows. In first part, two doses of manganese chloride (MnCl2) were evaluated to observe its effect of scavenging the oxygen-free radicals, with minimum adverse clinical effects. For this , animals were allotted to three groups of five each. In the control group (I) one litre of normal saline solution (NSS) was administered intravenously, while in groups I I and III MnCl2 @ 10mg/kg and 15 mg/kg body weight, respectively, were infused with one litre NSS. Based on various clinical signs, percentage of nitroblue tetrazolium ( NET ) reduction inhibition, plasma manganese ( Mn ) concentration and different haematological and biochemical constituents, the dose of MnCl2 @ 10mg/kg body weight was used for further investigations. In second part, the effect of MnCl2 and dimethyl sulphoxide ( DMSO ) in attenuating reperfusion injury after ischaemic strangulation obstiruction ( ISO ) in jejunum of 15 cows, allotted to three groups, was studied. The ISO model consisted of creation of four hours ischaemia of 60 cm long jejunal loop by ligating mesenteric vessels with cotton thread and mural ligation with file tags followed by subsequent reperfusion for 24 hours by releasing the obstructions.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INDUCED PERITONEAL ADHESIONS IN BOVINES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO USE OF SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE FOR THEIR PREVENTION(AAU, Anand, 1994) Thakker, Haresh M.; Parsania, R. R.An experimental study was conducted on 12 healthy male buffalo calves to study the effects of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in minimising induced intraperitoneal adhesions. In all the animals, adhesions were induced by crushing the jejunal serosa with Allis tissue forceps and placing a chromic catgut suture in middle of the traumatized area. In the treatment group (II) consisting of six animals, one per cent solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was infused intraperitoneally @ 7 ml/kg body wt. immediately following surgery. In other six calves (Group I, control) no treatment was given. Postoperatively all calves were observed for 14 days.ThesisItem Open Access THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (DMSO) IN ENDOTOXIN INDUCED ARTHRITIC BUFFALO CALVES(AAU, Anand, 1992) Goti, Bharat S.; Jani, B. M.The experiment was undertaken in buffalo calves to study the clinicopathologic changes of E. coli LPS (endotoxin) induced arthritis and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular medical grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The experiment was conducted on twelve buffalo calves into two equal groups (A and B). In all the animals, arthritis of right radio-carpal joint was induced successfully by intra-articular administration of E.coli LPS at the dose rate of 0.4 ug/kg body weight. Group A served as control and no treatment was given. In group B, 2 ml of 50 per cent DMSO in saline was injected intra-articular at 2, 10 and 24 hours after induction of arthritis.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON XYLAZINE AS AN EPIDURAL ANAESTHETIC AGENT IN BUFFALO CALVES (Bubalus bubalis)(AAU, Anand, 1991) Patel, Bharat K.; Parsania, R. R.A study on epidural analgesia using xylazlne was conducted In 18 healthy buffalo calves, divided Into three groups of six animals each, Xylazlne was administered @ 0.06 mg/kg (group I), 0.08 mg/kg (group II) and 0.1 mg/kg body weight (group III). The Induction time, onset of salivation, sitting time, standing time, duration and quality of anaesthesia and complete recovery time were recorded In each animal. In all the groups, there was a significant reduction In heart rate and respiration rate. However, It reached near to the preadministration level by 4 hours after administration. There was no significant effect on rectal temperature and it remained more or less within the normal range. Haematological study revealed significant reduction In all the parameters viz., TEC, TLC, PCV and Hb concentration,The changes were more marked upto 4 hours after administration which reduced in their Intensity from 8 hours post administration. Biochemical studies revealed significant Increase in blood glucose in all the groups after 1 hour of injection and it returned to near normal level after 24 to 48 hours. The BUN showed non-significant and fluctuating decreasing trends throughout the period of study. The values of serum creatinine were found within normal physiological range. The enzymes SGOT, SGPT, AKP and ACP did not show any significant alterations. The present study indicated that the xylazlne is an effective analgesic agent which can be safely used by epidural administration.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EPIPLEURAL AND PARANEPHRIC NOVOCAINE BLOCKADE IN PRIMARY INDIGESTION OF BUFFALOES(AAU, Anand, 1991) Prajapati, Ashish K.; Jani, B. M.Primary indigestion in buffaloes is one of the most commonly encountered clinical problems causing considerable loss of milk production. Conventional therapy for this malady often gives unconsistent result and prolonged treatment is invariably required. In order to evolve a better therapeutic regime and to cut short course of treatment, therapeutic trials were conducted in fifty clinical cases of primary indigestion in buffaloes attended at Veterinary College Hospital, Anand and ambulatory clinic centres at Chikhodra, Gamdi and Bedva villages using non-specific pathogenetic method of therapy in the form of procaine (novocaine) blockade. These animals were divided randomly into five treatment groups , each group consisting of ten animals, Eipipleural novocaine blockade, paranephric novocaine blockade, conventional treatment supplemented with epipleural blockade, conventional treatment supplemented with paranephric blockade and conventional treatment alone using irumenotoric drugs and vitamin B-complex with liver extract were given in group) I, II , III , IV and V respectively. Animals of groups III and IV comprised those cases which had failed to respond favourably to the conventional therapy and subsequently they were supplemented with epipleural and paranephric blockades respectively. Clinical parameters like time taken for return of normal appetite, increase in ruminal motility and milk production as well as changes in heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature were studied before and 48 hours after the treatment in all the groups. Overall response to the treatment was categorized as very good, good, fair and poor. Ruminal fluid analysis including change in colour, odour, pH, protozoal motility and total volatile fatty acid concentration were studied in all the animals before and 48 hours after treatment. Haemogram included the study of haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total leucocyte count, total erythrocyte count and differential leucocyte count. Biochemical parameters viz., blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, total proteins and total cholesterol were also studied before and 48 hours after treatment in all the animals. Excellent clinical response was observed in the animals given epipleural and paranephric novocaine blockade with maximum number of animals falling into the very good category. Even animals of groups III and IV which were refractory to the conventional therapy also showed very good clinical improvement. Restoration of appetite and milk production to presickness level was evident within 24 to 48 hours in these animals with treatment given only once« Again out of these two blockades, paranephric novocaine blockade was found to be superior and easier to perform than epipleural novocaine blockade. Response to conventional therapy alone was not uniform and varied greatly with maximum number of animals falling into fair and poor categories. It also required prolonged and daily administration of drugs. Longer time was taken in restoration of milk production and in a few animals it did not even reach to presickness level. No significant changes were observed in other clinical, ruminal fluid, haematological and biochemical parameters in any of the treatment groups. However, minor fluctuations within the physiological limits were observed in some of these parameters. The study clearly showed effectiveness of novocaine blockade therapy over the conventional therapy in treating primary indigestion of buffaloes.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF Typha angustata AND Prosopis juliflora AS WOUND HEALING AGENTS IN CATTLE-CLINICAL, BIOMECHANICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES(AAU, Anand, 1994) Patel, R. S.; Parsania, R. R.Each of 12 healthy crossbred male cow calves were subjected to ten excisional wounds, five on each side of thoracolumbar region to evaluate the wound healing property of Typha angustata, Prosopis juliflora and an ayurvedic ointment Swellnil , The wound healing was evaluated clinically, and by histological and biomechanical examination of excised healing tissue, collected at 7, 14 and 28 days. Granulation of tissues was evident on 4 to 6th day; contraction and epithelialization on 7 to 9th day and complete healing between 21 and 23 days. Extensive fibroblastic proliferation, high vascularity, non-significant acid phosphatase and alicaline phosphatase activities, intense mucopolysaccharide concentration and thin collagen fibres were observed in histological examirmtion at early stage of healing. At later stage, marked reduction in cellularity, vascularity and mucopolysaccharide concentration, increased acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities, matured collagen fibre bundles and elastic fibres were observed. Biomechanical study revealed increase in tensile strength with progress in healing, whereas extensibility increased on 14th day, but decreased on 28th day. No significant difference was observed between treatments as well as control in clinical, histological and biomechanical studies. In clinical trials conducted in 51 cases complete healing was observed between 8 and 22 days. The laboratory examination of the swabs collected periodically from the wounds showed presence of microorganisms upto 6 days in P. juliflora treated wounds and upto 9 days in T. angustata and Swellnil treated wounds. The microorganisms identified from the clinical wounds were Staphylococcus aureus (14), Staphylococcus (non-coagulase) (1), Streptococcus spp. (9), Escherichia coli (6), Proteus spp. (10), Corynebacterium pyogens (3)Klebsiella spp. (2), Pseudomonas spp. (3) and yeast (5). No distinct difference was observed in the healing period of wounds treated with three different ointments. Prom the present study it can be concluded that the T.angustata, P.juliflora and Swellnil ointments have no deleterious effect on wound healing. In clinical cases they help in normalization of the healing process.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON VIABILITY OF SKIN GRAFTS PRESERVED IN DIFFERENT MEDIA AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES IN COW CALVES (Bos indicus)(AAU, Anand, 1998) Sonawane, Nana Arjun; Parsania, R. R.The effect of skin graft preservation on the viability was studied on 8 cow calves. Out of these, 6 animals were studied for room temperature (12 - 36°C) and refrigeration temperature (4°C) preservation of skin grafts in different media viz., coconut oil, cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, sunflower oil, teel oil and honey; and 2 animals were studied for cryopreservation of skin grafts in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) temperature with different concentrations of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with honey viz., 15%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 100%. Evaluation of viability by clinical "take" of the preserved skin grafts was performed by autotransplantation on 14, 28 and 45 days intervals and the gross observations of grafted wounds were recorded on 24 hours and 10 day post-grafting. Histomorphological studies of the preserved skin grafts was performed after 24 hours, 7, 14, 21, 28, 45 and 60 days intervals. Grossly, after 24 hours and 1Oth post-grafting day all the animals where room and refrigeration temperature preserved grafts in different oils and honey were autotransplanted revealed excellent (4+) to best (3+) "take". Similar acceptance was observed in all the animals where liquid nitrogen temperature preserved grafts were autotransplanted. Historaorphologically, all oils preserved grafts recorded excellent (4+) viability upto 2 to 3 weeks and subsequently it reduced, to fair (1+) at 60 days with mild to moderate edema, degenerative changes in the epidermis and dermis. However, at refrigeration temperature they showed best (3+) viability up to 60 days. The honey preserved grafts at room temperature noted excellent (4+) viability after 24 hours and best (3+) up to 2 to 3 weeks and gradually reduced to fair (1+) at 60 days period with mild to moderate edema and degenerative changes in epidermis and dermis, whereas, at refrigeration temperature honey preserved grafts recorded best (3+) viability up to 28 days and good viability (2+) up to 60 days. The glycerol protected grafts in LN, temperature recorded excellent viability (4+) in 25%, 75% and 90%; and 25% in DMSO protection, whereas best viability (3+) was observed in 15%, 50% and 100% concentration of glycerol and 15%, 50%, 75% 90% and 100% concentration under DMSO protection.