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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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20129
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2012 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF KETOPROFEN IN LAYER CHICKS
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) GHANVAT, DIPAK PANDURANG; Ghodasara, D. J.
    The present research work was conducted on 100 day old BV-300 layer chicks to study the toxicopathological effects of repeated dose (21 days) of ketoprofen. Layer chicks were randomly divided into 4 different groups each containing 25 chicks. Chicks of group II to IV were given 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg b. wt. ketoprofen by oral gavage for 21 days whereas, group I was kept as control. After completion of 21 days treatment, blood samples were collected for plasma biochemical analysis from right jugular vein. At the end of experiment birds were sacrificed by means of cervical dislocation. A detailed necropsy examination was performed and gross lesions were recorded. Tissue samples (kidney, liver, lung, heart, spleen and intestine) were collected in 10% formalin solution for histopathological examination. In the experiment, extent and severity of observed symptoms varied according to the dose administered to the chicks. Dullness, lethargy, lameness, anorexia, feather plucking and uneven growth like symptoms were noticed in chicks of treatment groups III and IV only. Maximum mortality was observed in group IV (20%) followed by group III (4%). A dose dependant reduction in body weight was found in all the treatment groups. The mean values of Kidney: Body weight ratio were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in group III whereas, highly significant (p < 0.01) increased in group IV. There was a marginal reduction in feed consumption in group IV followed by group III and II. Highest FCR of 1.90 was observed in group IV followed by 1.86 in group III, 1.84 in group II and lowest 1.83 was recorded in group I at the end of experiment. The plasma uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in treatment group III whereas highly significantly (p < 0.01) increased in group IV. The plasma Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in treatment group IV. Dose dependant pathological changes in different organs exposed to ketoprofen at three different dose levels were revealed in layer chicks. Grossly, white chalky urate deposits of varying degree in the kidney were observed in chicks which died during experiment from treatment group III and IV. Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by congestion, degeneration, necrosis, haemorrhage and deposition of uric acid crystals. Kidney was the main target organ affected. The overall lesions gave an impression that ketoprofen was nephrotoxic in nature. -The distribution and intensity of pathological lesions were more severe in chicks of group IV, followed by chicks of group III.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ETIOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SPIROCHETOSIS IN COMMERCIAL LAYER BIRDS
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) DELVADIA, ALPESH P.; JOSHI, B. P.
    The present study was carried to know the etio-pathology of spirochetosis from natural outbreaks occurred in five different flocks belonged to three different commercial layer farms in Anand district during the period of February to July 2011. Epidemiological information like flock strength, system of management, age of birds and mortality were recorded. Blood samples were collected from clinically ailing birds for haematological studies. The blood/impression smears prepared were stained with both field stain containing eosin and methylene blue as well as giemsa stain. A detailed necropsy examination was performed on dead birds from the affected flocks and gross lesions were recorded. Tissue samples like liver, spleen, heart, kidney, lung, intestine, proventriculus and ovaries were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for histopathological examination. The natural outbreaks of spirochetosis occurred in layer flocks reared in cage system of management and in between the age group ranging between 14 to 74 weeks. Majority of the outbreaks were recorded in laying flocks. Only one outbreak was recorded in a growing flock. Mortality between the flocks varied from 3.98 to 16.51 percent. The overall mortality was 10.87 percent. The mortality was observed over a period of 2 to 6 weeks. The clinical symptoms observed in affected flocks were pale and anemic skin and visible mucus membrane, loss of appetite, cyanosis of comb and wattles, sickness, ruffled feathers, fever, weakness, droopy huddled-up appearance and greenish diarrhoea. The larval and adult stage tick especially Arguspersicus was found in clinically ailing birds in all the five affected flocks. The haematological data like Hb, PCV, TEC, MCV, MCH and MCHC were found significantly decreased in affected flocks and morphological type of anaemia based on erythrocytic indices was normocytic normochromic anaemia. The hematological findings relating to leucocyte count (TLC, DLC and absolute leucocyte count) were suggestive of leukocytosis with heterophilia and monocytosis. The spirochete organisms could be detected in abundant numbers in buffy coat smears rather than in blood smears from the same affected bird. The organisms were observed with difficulty and seen in very less numbers in blood smears. The organisms could be detected either in less or abundant numbers fi-om the heart blood smears prepared from plasma clot rather than red blood clot from the same bird while organisms could not be detected in impression smears made from liver or spleen showing typical gross lesions of spirochetosis. The characteristic gross pathological lesions were appeared in the liver and spleen. The gross lesions appeared in the liver were enlargement, paleness, focal to diffuse coagulative necrosis and mild petechial haemorrhages on the surface. There was characteristic enlargement and mottled of spleen with diffuse grayish areas of necrosis. Kidneys were pale and swollen in majority of the affected birds. Some of the birds from affected flocks I and III showed gross lesions of mild to moderate fibrinous pericarditis. The characteristic histopathological lesions in liver were mild to severe congestion, focal to diffuse areas of haemorrhages and multifocal areas coagulative necrosis along with infiltrations of mononuclear leucocytes mainly lymphocytes and macrophages and presence of spirochete organisms in the blood vessels in majority of the cases. The lesions in the spleen were characterized by multifocal areas of lymphoid necrosis along with hyperplasia of macrophages and teeming number of spirochete organisms in the blood vessels of splenic parenchyma. Kidney revealed mild to moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells mainly lymphocytes in the intertubular space along with tubular degeneration in some of the birds belong to flocks I and IV. Some of the birds from affected flocks I and III showed fibrinous pericarditis i.e. infiltration of mononuclear cells along with fibrin deposition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SUBACUTE TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MELAMINE IN WISTAR RATS
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) PRAJAPATI, NIRAVKUMAR K.; Prajapati, K. S.
    The present research work was conducted on 24 male and 24 female Wistar rats to study the toxicopathological effects of repeated dose (28 days) of melamine. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 different groups with six males and six females in each group. Animals of group II to IV were given 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b. wt melamine by gavage for 28 days where as group I was administrated only com oil as (vehicle) control. Clinical signs, mortality, feed intake, body weight, hematology, serum biochemical and pathomorphological studies were done. The extent and severity of observed symptoms varied according to the dosage administered to animals. Symptoms like dullness, depression, lethargy with shrunken eyes, rough hair coat, diarrhoeic faeces, polyuria, polydypsia, hematuria and crystalluria with "fan shaped" MEL crystals were noticed in rats of treatment groups. Mortality was observed only in group IV (58.33%) and group III (33.33%) with 54.55%) male and 45.45%) female. The dose dependent reduction in body weight and feed consumption was observed in animals of group II, III and IV. The significant decrease in RBCs count. PCV, haemoglobin and MCV was recorded with increase in the dose of melamine in group IV. Moreover, significant decrease in MCH count was noticed in male and highly significant decrease in female from group IV animals whereas significant increase in total leucocytes count was noticed in group III and highly significant increase in group IV animals. The differential leucocytes count revealed significant increase in neutrophil count in Group III and highly significant increase in Group IV animals whereas significant decrease in lymphocytes count in animals of melamine treated group IV. No significant change in monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts were observed in any treatment groups. AST, creatinine, BUN and uric acid values were significantly increased in treatment group III whereas highly significantly increased in group IV. Moreover, ALT was increased significantly in group III and IV male animals. Whereas increased significantly and highly significantly in female animals of group III and IV respectively. The significant decrease in total protein and albumin was observed in treatment group III and highly significant decrease in group IV animals. All the rats exposed to three different dose levels of melamine revealed dose dependant pathological changes in groups III and IV only with lesions in kidneys, urinary bladder, liver, spleen, lung and intestine. The main target organs affected were kidney, urinary bladder and liver. Grossly, kidneys were enlarged, pale, pitted and misshaped with dilated renal pelvises and variable whitish fine birefringent MEL crystals located in the cortex and medulla. Moreover, corticomedullary junction was obscured by a dark-red band of hemorrhages. Microscopically, kidneys revealed congestion, haemorrhage, degeneration, necrosis, cystic dilatation of tubules, glomerular atrophy and hypercellularity, tubular hyperplasia, hyaline casts and deposition of melamine crystals of variable size in the tubules. Furthermore, wet mounting of small slices of fresh kidney revealed golden brown crystals of MEL lined up in renal tubules forming spherulites. Grossly, urinary bladder revealed hemorrhage and distention with fine crystalline granular material in the lumen whereas microscopic examination revealed transitional epithelial hyperplasia. Microscopically, liver from group IV revealed numerous, small, round, greenish, fan shaped MEL crystals scattered in the dilated bile duct. Furthermore, liver showed vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and mild fatty degeneration. The overall lesions gave impression that melamine was nephrotoxic as well as hepatotoxic in nature. The intensity and distribution of such lesions were more severe in rats of group IV, followed by rats of group III.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MELAMINE IN BROILER CHICKS
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) GUPTA, HEMANT; Prajapati, K. S.
    The present research work was conducted on four groups of day old Cobb-400 broiler chicks to study the toxicopathological effects of melamine in feed. Groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing melamine @ 1000 mg/kg, 2500 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg respectively for 21 days. Group I was kept as control. Clinical signs, mortality, feed intake, weight gain, FCR, serum biochemical and pathomorphological studies were done. Clinical signs viz. dullness, depression, anorexia, unthriftiness with ruffled feather, drooping of the wings and lethargy with shrunken eyes were noticed in birds of treatment groups III and IV only. Mortality was observed only in group FV (16%) and group III (4%) with 60% male and 40%) female. A dose dependent reduction in body weight was observed in the treatment groups III and IV only. There was no difference in feed intake and Kidney : Body weight ratio in birds between control and the treatment groups. Melamine in feed caused reduced feed efficiency which was dose dependent. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in treatment group III whereas, highly significantly increased in group IV. The broiler chicks exposed to graded levels of dietary melamine revealed dose dependant pathological changes in groups III and IV only with lesions in kidneys, liver and gall bladder. Grossly, kidneys from dead birds showed enlargement with distended tubules filled with melamine-uric acid crystals. Microscopically, kidneys revealed congestion, haemorrhage, degeneration, necrosis, cystic dilatation of renal tubules, glomerular atrophy, proteinaceous casts and deposition of melamine-uric acid crystals of variable size. Gall bladder of birds from group IV that died during experiment was distended with opaque, turbid and murky bile with yellowish-white melamine crystals. Wet mounts of bile from birds of group IV showed "fan shaped" melamine crystals. It was concluded that melamine in the broiler feed @ 2500 mg/kg or more is nephrotoxic.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MELAMINE IN LAYER CHICKS
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) BAROT M., VISHAL; Dave, C. J.
    The present research work was conducted on four groups of day old BV-300 layer chicks to study the toxicopathological effects of melamine in feed. Groups II, III and IV were fed diets containing melamine @ 1000 mg/kg, 2500 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg respectively for 21 days. Group I was kept as control. Clinical signs, mortality, feed intake, weight gain, FCR, serum biochemical and pathomorphological studies were done. Clinical signs viz. dullness, depression, anorexia, unthriftiness with ruffled feather, drooping of the wings and lethargy with shrunken eyes were noticed in birds of treatment groups IV only. Mortality was observed only in group IV (8%) with 40% male and 0% female. A significant reduction in body weight was observed in the treatment groups IV only. There was no difference in feed intake and Kidney: Body weight ratio in birds between control and the treatment groups. Melamine in feed caused non significant reduced feed efficiency which was dose dependent. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in treatment group IV. The layer chicks exposed to graded levels of dietary melamine revealed pathological changes in groups IV only with lesions in kidneys. Grossly, kidneys from dead birds showed enlargement with distended tubules filled with melamine-uric acid crystals. Microscopically, kidneys revealed congestion, haemorrhage, degeneration, necrosis, cystic dilatation of renal tubules, glomerular atrophy and deposition of melamine-uric acid crystals of small size. It was concluded that melamine in the layer feed @ 5000 mg/kg or more is nephrotoxic and can be used as protein adulteration in feed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF KETOPROFEN IN BROILER CHICKS
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) UNDHAD VISHAL V.; Dr. D. J. Ghodasara
    The present research work was conducted on 100 day old Cobb-400 broiler chicks to study the toxicopathological effects of repeated dose (21 days) of ketoprofen. Broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 different groups each containing 25 chicks. Chicks of group II to IV were given 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg b. wt. ketoprofen by oral gavage for 21 days whereas, group I was kept as control. After completion of 21 days treatment, blood samples were collected for plasma biochemical analysis from right jugular vein. At the end of experiment birds were sacrificed by means of cervical dislocation. A detailed necropsy examination was performed and gross lesions were recorded. Tissue samples (kidney, liver, heart, spleen, lung and intestine) were collected in 10% formalin solution for histopathological examination. The extent and severity of observed symptoms
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “SUBACUTE TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MELAMINE IN WISTAR RATS”
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) PRAJAPATI NIRAVKUMAR K.; Dr. K. S.Prajapati
    The present research work was conducted on 24 male and 24 female Wistar rats to study the toxicopathological effects of repeated dose (28 days) of melamine. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 different groups with six males and six females in each group. Animals of group II to IV were given 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b. wt melamine by gavage for 28 days where as group I was administrated only corn oil as (vehicle) control. Clinical signs, mortality, feed intake, body weight, hematology, serum biochemical and pathomorphological studies were done.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF KETOPROFEN IN LAYER CHICKS
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) GHANVAT DIPAK PANDURANG; Dr. D. J. Ghodasara
    The present research work was conducted on 100 day old BV-300 layer chicks to study the toxicopathological effects of repeated dose (21 days) of ketoprofen. Layer chicks were randomly divided into 4 different groups each containing 25 chicks. Chicks of group II to IV were given 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg b. wt. ketoprofen by oral gavage for 21 days whereas, group I was kept as control. After completion of 21 days treatment, blood samples were collected for plasma biochemical analysis from right jugular vein. At the end of experiment birds were sacrificed by means of cervical dislocation. A detailed necropsy examination was performed and gross lesions were recorded. Tissue samples (kidney, liver, lung, heart, spleen and intestine) were collected in 10% formalin solution for histopathological examination. In the experimnent, extent and severity of
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MELAMINE IN BROILER CHICKS”
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) HEMANT GUPTA; Dr. K. S. Prajapati
    The present research work was conducted on four groups of day old Cobb-400 broiler chicks to study the toxicopathological effects of melamine in feed. Groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing melamine @ 1000 mg/kg, 2500 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg respectively for 21 days. Group I was kept as control. Clinical signs, mortality, feed intake, weight gain, FCR, serum biochemical and pathomorphological studies were done. Clinical signs viz. dullness, depression, anorexia, unthriftiness with ruffled