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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON POSTVACCINAL IMMUNITY TO BRUCELLA ABORTUS IN VACCINATED EXOTIC CATTLE(AAU, Anand, 1987) RAJPUT, H. A.; DHOLAKIA, P. M.The disease brucellosis caused by the infection of Brucella abortus in cattle adversely affects the economy of livestock rearing due to losses of calves created by abortions in suffering animals along with loss in milk production. The disease is world wide in distribution and calves lost due to abortion creat adverse economic impact on the animal husbandry development. Being zoonotic in nature the disease also occupies a special importance. It is therefore essential to diagnose the disease in herd as early as possible for its effective control. It is now well-established that the brucella organisms being the facultative intracellular organism the cellular immunity also plays a major role in the host resistance in addition to humoral immunity.ThesisItem Open Access ON THE OCCURRENCE OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN HATCHERIES WITH AN ATTEMPT TO ISOLATE SALMONELLA ORGANISMS(AAU, Anand, 1988) HATHI, A. V.; Dholakia, P. M.Present study was aimed to isolate and identify the bacterial organisms with emphasis on gram negative bacteria present in cloacal swab of appeirently healthy layers, droppings and litter samples of layer house, poultry feeds, fluff in the hatohery, air of the hatchery and fresh egg shell + CAM. The study also included serotyping of E.coli cultures and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Escherichia ooli isolates in vitro. Totally 47, 51 and 65 samples of various sources were collected from the (A) Intensive Poultry Development Block, Makarba (Ahmedabad), (B) I.P.D.B., Baroda and (C) I.P.D.B., Surat, respectively. Of 47 collected samples of I.P.D.B. Makarba (Ahmedabad), yielded 90 bacterial isolates while of 51 samples of I.P.D.B. Baroda, 37 samples were sterile for bacterial organisms. Rest of the samples yielded 28 bacterial isolates whereas 65 samples of I.P.D.B. Surat yielded 107 bacterial isolates.ThesisItem Open Access MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF DERMATITIS CAUSED BY FUNGUS EPIDERMOPHYTON.(AAU, Anand, 1979) Solanki, Nileshkumar K.; Jhala, V. M.Abstract not AvailableThesisItem Open Access MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF DERMATITIS CAUSED BY FUNGUS EPIDERMOPHYTON(AAU, Anand, 1979) Solanki, Nileshkumar K.; Jhala, V. M.Abstract not AvailableThesisItem Open Access INCIDENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN COW MILK AND ASSESSMENT OF CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH ITS VIRULENCE(AAU, Anand, 1991) PANDYA, KALPITA; Kher, H. N.The present study was undertaken with a view to knowing the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in cow milk in relation to location breed, involvement of quarters, method of milking, stage of lactation, and lactation numbers and to study the characteristics responsible for its virulence. Phage typing of the isolates was also carried out to know the possible origin. The milk samples were collected from the normal lactating cows maintained at three different farms of Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand and from mastitic cows located around Nadiad town of Kheda district. A total of 4-19 quarter milk samples were collected, of which 369 quarter milk samples were from 95 normal lactating cows and 50 quarter milk samples were from 23 mastitic cows. All the sample s were primarily inoculated on mannitol salt agar to isolate S.aureus. Out of 419 quarter milk samples, totally 128 cultures were isolated and identified as S,aureus by O-F test , catalase test , glucose fermentation and coagulase test. The incidence of S. aureus was 56.84 and 26.28 per cent in normal lactating cows, whereas it was 100.0 and 62.00 per cent in clinical cases on cow basis and quarter basis respectively. Out of 369 quarter milk samples from farm animals, 10 (2.71 per cent) samples were found positive by GMT and a l l GMT positive samples yielded S.aureus. All the 50 milk samples from clinical cases of mastitis were found positive by GMT, of which 31 (62,00 per cent) samples resulted into cultural isolation of S.aureus. The difference in the incidence of S. aureus in cow milk in relation to farms, breed and method of milking was found to be non-significant, whereas significant difference was found in quarter involvement and parity and stage of lactation . One quarter involvement was found higher (50.00 and 86.96 per cent) in both normal lactating cows as well as clinical cases. Similarly in farm animals, significant difference was found between hind half quarter (30.86 per cent) and fore half quarter (20.69 per cent). Higher incidence of S.aureus (76.47 and 42.86 'per cent) was observed during last lactation which was statistically significant on cow b a s i s and quarter basis respectively. Coagulase production was studied using four different plasma , viz., rabbit plasma, human plasma, poultry plaana and bovine plasma. Remarkable variation was observed in the incidence of coagulase production by S. aureus using rabbit plasma (100.00 per cent), human plasma (94.53 per cent) and poultry plasma (33.59 per cent), whereas bovine plasma was not found to be useful to determine coagulase production. Haemolytic activity of S,aureus was determined using human, horse, rabbit, bovine, sheep arv3 guinea pig blood agar media. Beta haemolytic activity was most commonly observed on all the blood agar media except on guinea pig blood agar medium. Forty Isolates of S, aureus (31.25 per cent) showed haeraolysin produotion on Crystal violet blood agar. Pigment production was observed in 103 (80.46 per cent) S. aureus isolates, whereas DNAase and TDNAase production was detected in 88 (68.75 per cent) and 44 (34.37 per cent) isolates of S.aureus respectively. Hone of the isolates was found to be enterotoxigenic as ascertained by absence of fried egg appeareince of colony on Carter's medium. Cent per cent correlation was observed between mannitol fermentation and coagulase production (with rabbit plasma) by Staphylococci. Out of 103 pigment producing isolates of S.aureus, 67.96, 6B.05 and 22.33 per cent isolates produced beta haemolysis, PNAase and TDNAase respectively. Out of the 70 beta haemolytic S.aureus isolates , 61.43 and 32.86 per cent produced DNAase and TDNAase respectively. The relationship of TDNAase to DNAase production was only 50.00 per cent. All the 128 coagulase positive Staphylococci were sent to the phage typing centre, I.C.M.R,, Maul ana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, where none of the isolates was found to be typable with International basic set and Basic bovine set of phages.ThesisItem Open Access “ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM RESPIRATORY TRACT OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY AS WELL AS SICK GOATS”(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2011) TUSHAR KISAN AHER; Dr. Ashish RoyA number of factors are responsible for economic losses to the goat industry; among them the pneumonia due to various bacterial species imposes serious constraints on goat production all over the world because of high mortalities. The major health problem of small ruminants is pneumonia/pleuropneumonia, which may be caused by Mycoplasma and Pasteurella species alone or in conjunction with other microbes. Pneumonia in small ruminants constitutes a serious setback to the growth in this group of animals with resultant economic losses in many parts of the world. Thus, the present study was undertaken with a view to know preponderance of this bacterial spp. in relation to respiratory tract infections in apparently healthy and sick goats. The objectives were isolation, identification, nucleic acid based detection of virulence associated and toxigenic potentials and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolates from respiratory tract infections of apparently healthy as well as sick goatsThesisItem Open Access ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE GENES IN STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE ISOLATED FROM BOVINE SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS CASES(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2011) BEENU JAIN; Dr. M. K. JhalaMastitis is the most important and expensive disease of dairy industry. It results in severe economic losses from reduced milk production, treatment cost, increased labor, milk withheld following treatment and premature culling (Miller et al., 1993). This disease is characterized by physical, chemical and bacteriological changes in the milk and pathological changes in the glandular tissue of the udder. The most important changes in the milk include discoloration, presence of clots and presence of large number of leukocytes. The US National Mastitis Council estimated an overall worldwide annual loss of 2 billion dollar due to mastitis (Anonymous, 2005). The annual economic losses due to mastitis in India have been estimated to be 7165 crores (Basal and Gupta, 2010). Generally mastitis occurs in two forms i.e., clinical orThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND DETECTION OF VIRULENCE ASSOCIATED GENES OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA OF AVIAN ORIGIN(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2013) MAYURKUMAR P. BHIMANI; Dr. Ashish RoyThe present study was undertaken with a view of isolation and identification of P. multocida from suspected cases of fowl cholera in different avian species. A total of 312 samples were collected from suspected cases, of which 24 (7.69%) P. multocida isolates (22 from emu and 2 from chicken) were isolated using blood agar as primary culture medium. These isolates were studied for their biochemical behaviour, in vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern, P. multocida species specific PCR (PM-PCR), molecular characterization by multiplex PCR assay for capsular typing and detection of various virulence associated genes by PCR.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTRADERMAL TUBERCULIN TEST AND γ- INTERFERON ASSAY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) SAGAR SHANKAR VYAVAHARE; Dr. M. K. JhalaA comparative study on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) assay, single intradermal tuberculin skin test (TST) and Enzyme linked immunosorbant spot (ELISPOT) for the diagnosis of Bovine tuberculosis was conducted. A total of 252 cattle stationed at a cattle farm were tested for Bovine tuberculosis by TST, IFN-γ assay and 23 of them by ELISPOT analysis. TST was carried out as per OIE Terrestrial Manual (2009) using PPD- Tuberculin. The reaction was considered to be positive if there was an increase of 4 mm or more in skin-fold thickness along with the local signs. Out of 252 cattle tested for Bovine tuberculosis, 66 (26.19%) cattle were found positive by TST. Breedwise, 13 (16.45%) animals of Kankrej (n=79), 30 (38.96%) of Gir (n=77) and 23 (23.95%) of Triple cross (n=96) breed were positive by TST. Agewise, 47 (37.90%) adults (n=124), 11 (11.22%) heifers (n=98) and 8 (26.66%) calves (n= 30) were positive by TST. Sexwise, 18 (56.25%) males (n=32) and 48 (21.81%) females