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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY AND ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IN SLENDER GRAIN RICE {Oryza sativa L.)(AAU, Anand, 2005) PRATAPSINH, MAKAWANA BHAVANISINH; Jadeja, G. C.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops of tlie world. The nature and magnitude of genetic variability, interrelationships and direct and indirect effects were studied for different yield and quality traits, in different genotypes of slender grain rice. The experiment comprised of slender grain rice, sown in randomized block design with two replications. It was conducted at Main Rice Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Nawagam, during kharif 2004. Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis were studied for 25 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per plant, plant height, panicle length, grain yield per plant, 1000-grian weight, hulling per cent, milling per cent, head rice recovery, grain length, grain breadth, grain L/B ratio, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking (KLAC), kernel breadth after cooking (KBAC), kernel elongation ratio (KER), breadth expansion ratio (BER), water uptake (WU), volume expansion ratio (VER), amylose content, protein content, alkali spreading value (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time. The analysis of variances revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. All the traits exhibited predominance of genotypic variance in total variance and the magnitude of heritability (broad sense) was also high. Moderate estimates of genotypic coefficient of variances were observed for grain yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, head rice recovery and grain L/B ratio; while the quality components tike kernel L/B ratio, breadth expansion ratio, water uptake, alkali spreading value (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time recorded moderate to high genotypic coefficient of variances. High genetic advance (% of mean) coupled with high heritability, were observed for agro-morphological traits viz., plant height, grain yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain L/B ratio; whereas the quality traits viz., kernel LiB ratio, breadth expansion ratio, water uptake, alkali spreading value (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time also showed similar trend. Most of the remaining traits recorded moderate genetic advance coupled with high heritability. The characters like grain yield per plant, test weight, head rice recovery and grain L/B ratio exhibited moderate genotypic coefficient of variances, with high heritability and high genetic advance. Parallel trend was observed for the quality characters like kernel L/B ratio, breadth expansion ratio, water uptake alkali score (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time; which indicated the better scope for improvement of these traits by an effective selection programme. The correlation coefficient analysis indicated significant and positive association of grain yield with plant height and grain breadth. Interrelationships among important yield components viz., panicle length, 1000-grain weight and grain length was also noticed. Hulling and milling per cent exhibited significant positive association with each other and with water uptake and volume expansion ratio. Kernel length an important from traders' viewpoint, showed association with grain length, grain L/B ratio, kernel L/B ratio and kernel length after cooking. The quality components like kernel elongation ratio and water uptake showed significant positive association with kernel length after cooking. The protein percent showed negative correlation with water uptake; while alkali score (GT) and water uptake were positively associated. Alkali score (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time showed strong positive association. The path analysis with grain yield as dependent variable, indicated that the high direct effects were observed for plant height, grain length and head rice recovery; while the indirect effects were predominant for panicle length, test weight and grain breadth. The path analysis for quality components with kernel length after cooking, showed high direct effects of kernel length and kernel elongation ratio; whereas selection for kernel L/B ratio, water uptake, alkali score (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time can indirectly improve the cooking quality. Based on mean values of morphological traits the genotypes IET 19004, IET 19035, IET 190037, lET 19044 and lET 19045 were identified as elite genotypes; while IET 19001, IET 19009 and IET 19035 were superior with respect to the pre-cooking quality traits. The genotypes lET 19023, IET 19033, IET 19035 and IET 19036 were superior genotypes based on post-cooking quality traits.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY AND ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IN SLENDER GRAIN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(AAU, Anand, 2005) MAKAWANA, BHAVANISINH PRATAPSINH; Jadeja, G. C.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops of the world. The nature and magnitude of genetic variability, interrelationships and direct and indirect effects were studied for different yield and quality traits, in different genotypes of slender grain rice. The experiment comprised of slender grain rice, sown in randomized block design with two replications. It was conducted at Main Rice Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Nawagam, during kharif 2004. Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis were studied for 25 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per plant, plant height, panicle length, grain yield per plant, 1000-grian weight, hulling per cent, milling per cent, head rice recovery, grain length, grain breadth, grain L/B ratio, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking (KLAC), kernel breadth after cooking (KBAC), kernel elongation ratio (KER), breadth expansion ratio (BER), water uptake (WU), volume expansion ratio (VER), amylose content, protein content, alkali spreading value (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time. The analysis of variances revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. All the traits exhibited predominance of genotypic variance in total variance and the magnitude of heritability (broad sense) was also high. Moderate estimates of genotypic coefficient of variances were observed for grain yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, head rice recovery and grain L/B ratio; while the quality components like kernel L/B ratio, breadth expansion ratio, water uptake, alkali spreading value (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time recorded moderate to high genotypic coefficient of variances High genetic advance (% of mean) coupled witli liigli heritability, were observed for agro-morphological traits viz., plant height, grain yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain L/B ratio; whereas the quality traits viz., kernel L/B ratio, breadth expansion ratio, water uptake, alkali spreading value (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time also showed similar trend. Most of the remaining traits recorded moderate genetic advance coupled with high heritability. The characters like grain yield per plant, test weight, head rice recovery and grain L/B ratio exhibited moderate genotypic coefficient of variances, with high heritability and high genetic advance. Parallel trend was observed for the quality characters like kernel L/B ratio, breadth expansion ratio, water uptake alkali score (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time; which indicated the better scope for improvement of these traits by an effective selection programme. The correlation coefficient analysis indicated significant and positive association of grain yield with plant height and grain breadth. Interrelationships among important yield components viz., panicle length, 1000-grain weight and grain length was also noticed. Hulling and milling per cent exhibited significant positive association with each other and with water uptake and volume expansion ratio. Kernel length an important from traders' viewpoint, showed association with grain length, grain L/B ratio, kernel L/B ratio and kernel length after cooking. The quality components like kernel elongation ratio and water uptake showed significant positive association with kernel length after cooking. The protein percent showed negative correlation with water uptake; while alkali score (GT) and water uptake were positively associated. Alkali score (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time showed strong positive association. The path analysis with grain yield as dependent variable, indicated that the high direct effects were observed for plant height, grain length and head rice recovery; while the indirect effects were predominant for panicle length, test weight and grain breadth. The path analysis for quality components with kernel length after cooking, showed high direct effects of kernel length and kernel elongation ratio; whereas selection for kernel L/B ratio, water uptake, alkali score (gelatinization temperature) and cooking time can indirectly improve the cooking quality. Based on mean values of morphological traits the genotypes IET 19004, IET 19035, IET 190037, IET 19044 and IET 19045 were identified as elite genotypes; while IET 19001, IET 19009 and IET 19035 were superior with respect to the pre-cooking quality traits. The genotypes IET 19023, IET 19033, IET 19035 and IET 19036 were superior genotypes based on post-cooking quality traits.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING; ABILITY STUDIES IN BAJRA [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.](AAU, Anand, 2005) Patel, KIRTANKUMAR YOGESHKUMAR; Patel, D. R.Pearl millet is one of the important staple food crops of India ranking fourth in acreage. Being a drought tolerant crop, it has become an important component of dry land farming. The present investigation on pearl millet comprised of 5 CMS - based females, 10 males, 50 F1 hybrids and 3 check hybrids GHB-526, GHB-558 and MH-169. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications with inter row spacing of 60 cm and intra row spacing of 15 cm at Plant Breeding and Cytogenetics Research Farm, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand during kharif 2004. Heterosis, combining ability effects and components of genetic variances were estimated for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of leaves per plaint, number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, fresh weight per plant, dry fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, earhead length, earhead girth, earhead weight and test weight The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes for all the traits except harvest index. Parents differed significantly for all the traits except number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant and harvest index. In case of hybrids, variance was significant for all the traits excluding earhead weight, which suggested existence of difference between parents and hybrids leading to evidence for manifestation of heterosis. Several hybrids exhibited heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for grain yield per plant and other yield attributing characters. The hybrid worth for commercial exploitation of heterosis were ICMA 92777 x 98 SB, ICMA 96555 x 187 SB, JMSA 20005 X 211 SB, ICMA 96555 x 211 SB and JMSA 98222 x 187 SB. The analysis of combining ability revealed that non additive gene action solely governed the traits namely days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of leaves, number of tillers and number of effective tillers, fresh weight, biological yield, earhead weight, grain yield, dry fodder yield and harvest index. While, preponderence of additive gene action was observed for earhead length, earhead girth and test weight The estimates of general combining ability effects indicated that none of the parents was good general combiner for all the characters studied. The estimates of specific combining ability indicated ICMA 96555 x 187 SB as the best cross for grain yield followed by JMSA 101 A x 217 SB. The three hybrids ICMA 92777 x 98 SB, ICMA 96555 x 187 SB and JMSA 20005 x 211 SB showed high per se performance, higher heterotic effects and significant sea effects hence those could be exploited for heterosis and for developing high yielding varieties following appropriate breeding methodology.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN SALT TOLERANT RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(AAU, Anand, 2005) PATEL, PANKAJKUMAR ARVINDBHAI; MEHTA, A. M.Rice (Oryaza sativa L.) is the most important food crop of the world; but salinity is the major abiotic factor which affects the productivity of rice. The present investigation of salt tolerant rice cultures was undertaken to estimate variability, correlation and direct and indirect effects of different characters contributing towards grain yield by path analysis. The field experiment was conducted during Kharif-2004 at the experimental farm of Main Rice Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Nawagam. The experimental material comprised of 70 genotypes, evaluated in RBD with two replications. Data were collected for day to 50% flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DM), number of total tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grain per panicle, grain yield per plant, straw yield per plant. Harvest index, 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain breadth and grain L/B ratio. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among die genotypes for all the traits except harvest index, indicating the presence of sufficient variability in the material. Number of filled grains per panicle and number of grains per panicle showed high genotypic variance as well as high heritability. The higher estimates of GCV were obtained for number of filled grains per panicle and number of grains per panicle, while it was moderate for grain yield per plant, straw yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, grain L/B ratio, number of total tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant and grain breadth. The characters like number of filled grains per panicle, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain L/B ratio, grain breadth, number of productive tillers per plant and number of total tillers per plant exhibited high genetic advance coupled with high heritability, indicating better scope for improvement of these traits by an effective selection programme. The estimates of correlation coefficient revealed that in general the genotypic correlations were higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlations for all the characters. It was observed that straw yield per plant and harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield per plant, while significant negative correlation was found in case of grain length. Straw yield per plant and harvest index showed internally negative correlated response. Straw yield per plant was found positively and significantly correlated with plant height. The harvest index showed significant positive correlation with number of filled grains per panicle and number of grains per panicle, in order of magnitude, while it was negatively correlated with plant height, panicle length and total tillers per plant. As results indicate more emphasis should be given on number of filled grains per panicle, number of grains per panicle and optimum plant stature to improve grain yield. According to path analysis the characters number of filled grains per panicle, days 50% flowering, panicle length, grain L/B ratio and grain breadth were having high positive direct effect with gram yield, while number of grains per panicle, days to maturity, grain length and straw yield per plant were having negative direct effect. In general number of filled grains per panicle and panicle length having high direct effect as well as indirect effects and number of grains per panicle with indirect effects may be helpful in selecting the elite genotypes for further breeding programme. Based on correlation and path analysis, emphasis should be given to intermediate plant stature with thick stem, higher grains with coarse/ medium bold structure for improvement of salt tolerant rice genotypes. Based on mean values genotypes V5 (IR68649-3B-3-2), V8 (IR68651- 3B-7-1), V11 (IR68651-3B-11-2), V12 (IR68651-3B-17-1), V22 (IR69992-AC1), V29 (IR69568-4R-14-1), V31 (IR70865-B-P-6-2), V37 (IR70868-B-P-8-3), V38 (IR70868-B-P-11-3), V53 (IR70870-B-P-21-2) were identified as elite genotypes, besides the released varieties V55 (CSR-1), V62 (IET-13428, CRSC(S) 2-1-7), V65 (IET-10676, CST-7-1) and V67 (IET-14906, Dandi). However, these genotypes should be studied in detail over seasons and locations, so as to get precise estimates of performance of stability, variability and other genetic parameters to improve this crop genetically.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Variability Induced by Physical and Chemical Mutagens in Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.)(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) Vineet Kumar Sinha; Dr. S. SriramThe present investigation on Plantago ovata Forsk. was undertaken to find out the variability induced by physical and chemical mutagens, individually and in combinations for quantitative characters. The study was carried out at Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Project Farm, A.A.U., Anand. Dry dehusked seeds of variety G.I.2 was irradiated with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 kR doses of gamma rays. Half of irradiated seeds were again treated with chemical mutagens, viz. EMS and MMS, at 0.2 percent and 0.4 percent concentrations each for 2 and 4 hour durationsThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GENETIC VARIABILITY OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS IN AROMATIC RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) TAVISHA KUMARI; Dr. G.C. JadejaRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops. In aromatic rice, popularly known as basmati type rice, the information on genetic parameters is meager. An investigation was undertaken to estimate variability, correlations and direct and indirect effects of different characters contributing towards grain yield and kernel length after cooking, by path analysis. The experiment was conducted atThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION, PATH ANALYSIS AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN MUSKMELON (Cucumis melo Linn.)(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) REETU MEHTA; Dr. M. K. BhalalaMuskmelon (Cucumis melo Linn.) is one of the important but under exploited vegetable crop. The present investigation was undertaken to obtain genetic information like genetic variability, correlation coefficient, path analysis and genetic divergence in muskmelon. The experiment comprised of 44 diverse genotypes grown in complete randomized block design with three replications at Main Vegetable Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during Summer, 2003. Observations were recorded on twelve characters viz. number of node on which first female flower appear, days to first picking, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth, pulp thickness, fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, moisture percentage, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars and acidity percentage.ThesisItem Open Access "GENETIC ANALYSIS OF FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN TOMATO (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)"(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) Shailendra Kumar Singh; Dr. J.A. PatelThe present investigation comprised of 45 F1S developed from ten parents through diallel mating design excluding reciprocals in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) was undertaken at Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during kharif planting crop season of the year 2003-04. The experimental material (45 F1S, 10 parents and one check hybrid ARTH-4) was evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The main objective of the investigation was to study heterosis, gene effects and combining ability effects of fruit yield and various yield as well as quality charactersThesisItem Open Access Stability Analysis in Isabgol (Plantago ovata F.)(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) DHARA SUMA SASTRY; Dr. S.SriramIsabgol (Plantago ovata F.) is an important medicinal plant of India and holds the position as the first ranking foreign exchange earner among the medicinal plants of India. Thus it is an economically important crop. Yet due to absence of variability and other inherent difficulties much work on quantitative genetics has not been done. An ideal genotype is one that combines high yield and stability in its performance over the years and locations. Knowledge of G x E interaction and stability of genotypic performance help in selection of ideal genotype. Knowledge on the inter character association broadly helps to determine the contribution of various characters to seed yield and thus to identify selection criteria. The present study was envisaged to investigate the stability and character associations in this crop.