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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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2012 - 20196
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Subject: Dairy Microbiology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    METAGENOMIC BASED MICROBIAL DIVERSITY STUDY OF DAIRY EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS
    (Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2019) Jafarali K. Momin; Dr. J.B. Prajapati
    The dairy effluent treatment plant (ETP) is a very dynamic biological system, where the resident microbiota functions toward the bioremediation of dairy effluent. Our understanding of ETPs remains limited due to the high complexity of the microbial community and the presence of numerous non-cultivable microbes. To understand the microbiota of dairy ETPs and its dynamics with seasonal variation and physicochemical characteristics of effluents, a metagenomic study using next-generation sequencing was carried out. The physicochemical characterization of dairy effluent from all the sections of ETP with seasonal variation was tested. All the dairy effluents were analyzed for metagenomic 16S rRNA amplicon to know the microbial communities with a list of microbes and relative abundance (Taxonomic diversity). Shotgun sequencing of the effluent samples collected in the summer season from the anaerobic digester and aeration tank of dairy ETPs were carried out to know the microbiota and functional potential of microorganisms.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC CULTURES FOR PRODUCTION OF SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AND ITS EFFECT ON CHOLESTEROL REDUCTION
    (DEPARTMENT OF DAIRY MICROBIOLOGY SHETH M.C. COLLEGE OF DAIRY SCIENCE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) Makwana Mitalibahen; Dr. J. B. Prajapati
    Probiotics and prebiotics have been used for several health benefits and are acting as supplementary therapy in many ailments. Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is one of the mechanisms involved in many disorders. We selected several potential probiotics cultures and planned this project to screen the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) based on Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and cholesterol reduction in vitro. Thus, we studied the effect of added probiotics in fermented milk. The final product was studied for its shelf life and was evaluated for cholesterol reduction in vivo in rat model.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    METAGENOMIC ANALYSES OF GERIATRIC GUT MICROBIOME DURING PROBIOTIC Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 INTERVENTION
    (AAU, Anand, 2014) SENAN, SUJA; Prajapati, J. B.
    Age related changes in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as changes in diet and host immune system reactivity, inevitably affect gut microbial population composition. Therapeutic strategies to counteract these changes have been suggested in ageing people. These include dietary supplements contairung prebiotics, probiotics and a combination of both of these, synbiotics. In this study a double blind randomized crossover trial was carried out where 72 elderly subjects were fed with fermented drink containing probiotic Lactobacillus lielveticus MTCC 5463 for 30 days. A real-time quantitative PCR assay based on bile salt hydrolase gene targeting primers and 3' minor groove binder (MGB) probes for accurate detection and quantification of Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 in human faecal samples was developed. Out of the 57 strains of Lactobacilli tested by in silico PCR, only two strains L. helveticus HIO and L. helveticus R0052 showed the predictive amplification while the rest 55 tested negative. The primers do not amplify any strains of Streptococcus thermophilus that were added to the fermented milks as starter culture. Genomic DNA standards were prepared with six different serial dilutions (2.68 X 106 to 2.68 X 10). The curve was found to be linear, with R2 values > 0.98, over the ranges of 10^ to lOi CPU/ml for MTCC 5463 strain. The slope of the standard curve was -3.372 which predicted the assay efficiency as 97.95%. At the end of 30 days the strain appeared in the faeces of all subjects in the treated group, reaching a level as high as 8.32 to the lowest amount of 6.17 log gene copies/g faecal matter at end of feeding period. After wash out, L. lielveticus MTCC 5463 was detected at gradually reduced levels. It can be observed that the lowest count of probiotic strain post washout was 3.75 log gene copies/g faecal matter at the end of 8 weeks of discontinuation of feeding. This proves the trarisient and consumption-dependent nature of this probiotic bacterium. The strain was not detected in any of the subjects before active test feeding. Traditional plate counts of lactobacilli at genus level on selective medium ranged from a baseline reading of 8.6 log CFU/g of wet fecal matter, which rose to 9.3 log CFU/g at the end of feeding period and a gradual decrease to 8.7 log CFU/gm at the end of the placebo feeding. The qPCR primers targeted the bile salt hydrolase gene of MTCC 5463 which made the gene copy count a fraction of the plate count. From the plate count results it can be said that the recovery of Lactobacilli from stool samples was at IxlO^ colony forming units/g (CFU/g) by week 4 giving a recovery of 82%. A more precise picture of the recovery of the strain calculated using qPCR results came to 18%. Among the 72 elderly subjects who participated in the trial, we could identify 10 respondents who showed positive results in the primary outcome of cholesterol reduction and 10 who showed an increase in cholesterol with a decreasing lactobacilli population indicating non response to probiotic therapy. DNA from the faecal samples of these 20 respondents during baseline and end of feeding was analyzed. Amplicons from the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene were generated and sequenced each on a 316 chip. The data sets for before feeding have a total of reads ranging from 13,061 to 980,628 with read length ranging from 201 to 251 bps and a total amount of 42,52,62,470 bases. The data sets for after feeding showed reduction in reads ranging from 65 to 102,507 with read lengths varying from 268 to 165 with a total of 59,962,912 bps. After a washout of 4 weeks and before placebo feeding the sequencing data can be summarized having reads ranging from 1.386 to 172,304 with read lengths of 158 to 198 bps and a total of 24,10,52,754 bps. Post placebo feeding saw a similar trend of reads from 425 to 171,896 with sequence length from 133 to 155 bps with a total base pairs of 29,14,22,863. Sequencing reads were clustered into operational taxonomic units described by community metrics and taxonomically classified. Reads per sample were clustered and studied for diversity and richness using MG-RAST. All the community members in our samples were from the domain bacteria. The most prevalent phyla in all samples were: Firmicutes, Proeohacteria, Actinohacteria and Baderoidetes with Firmicutes dominating in all samples. All the samples taken prior to treatment showed an abundance in Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Roseburia, Ruminococcus and Shigella. It was strikingly evident that the non respondents harboured more Shigella, Escherichia and less Runinococcus and Clostridium (compared to positive respondents). Lactobacilli and Prevotella showed an increase in abundance values after probiotic treatment with a decrease in Shigella, Ruminococcus, Bacillus and Bifidobacterium. The shifts in gut community structure during probiotic therapy was also studied using QIIME, an open-source software pipeline able to perform, starting from raw sequence data, a wide range of analyses on microbial communities, that is, sequence aligiunent, identification of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), elaboration of phylogenetic trees, and phylogenetic or taxon-based analysis of diversity within and between samples. The responders showed 52.1 % Firmicutes compared to 40.6 % in non responders. The other major phyla Proteobacteria was higher in non responders at 49% than 38% in responders. The class based assignments of responders showed profound shifts in Bacilli, Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria. Among non responder subjects, the relative proportion of Lactobacillales, Clostridials and Enterobacteriales could be the deciding biomarkers as in the case with responders. We could assume that interplay of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and specific classes like Clostridiales, Enterobacteriales and Lactobacillales could be indicative of the amenability of the gut microbiota to dietary modification. To examine the difference in responders and non responders for the genera of major phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria we used STAMP software for statistical techiuques. We could identify a few microbial biomarkers that differentiate the responders from non responders. The STAMP analysis revealed that among responders and non responders the chief genera of Firmicutes that showed significant difference are Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Euhacterium, and Blautia (q< 0.002) while the genera of Proteobacteria included Shigella, Escherichia, Burkholderia and Camphylobacter (q-value<0.002). This proof-of-principle study introduces for the first time in India, potential microbial biomarkers for probiotic MTCC 5463 responsiveness in geriatric volunteers and reveals the potential of microbiota signatures for personalized nutrition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL OF LACTOBACILLI FOR TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2016) Kanchan Virendrasingh Mogha; Dr. J. B. Prajapati
    The present study was conducted with an objective to develop a vanishing cream containing potential probiotic bacteria which may help in the release of lactic acid for a prolonged period to restore the acidic pH of the vaginal lumen and also to study sub-acute vaginal toxicity study on animal models using this cream. Before developing a cream, the potentiality of four probiotic cultures was checked by different in vitro tests used for treating BV infection
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access