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ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION OF VIDEOS ON SCIENTIFIC ANIMAL HUSBANDRY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401, 2022) SHIVA RAJKUMAR C M; K. SATYANARAYANYouTube is considered to be the largest video sharing site and hence, a study on development and dissemination of videos on scientific animal husbandry management practices was taken up, with the objectives to develop and evaluate selected videos on animal husbandry practices for livestock farmers and to develop a social media platform for dissemination of videos among livestock farmers. A list of important management practices for the videos was shortlisted. Development of videos was done by using combination of visuals, narration, texts pictures and background music. Videos developed within duration of nine minutes each, in MP4 format. The developed videos were evaluated for its content and quality by team of experts. A YouTube channel social media platform named Pashu Pragna was created and the developed videos were uploaded for dissemination of information. The total views for the videos within 28 days of creating channel and uploading were 3052 whereas, the watch time in hours was 88.40 and average watch duration was 1:44 minutes. The total number of subscriptions at the time of analysis was 218. The ratio of views for Subscribed: Non-subscribed was 503:2549. The videos had reached across the nation such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia and Thailand. The Vw, AVD, APV was found significantly higher (87.50%, 1:46 and 25.30%), among men compared to women (12.50%, 1:25 and 20.20%). Among age groups the majority of share in total views were found to be by 25-34 years age group (58.20%). To access the knowledge gain, data was collected from two taluks of Kolar district of Karnataka state. It was observed that the mean knowledge scores of the respondents for selected four scientific management practices was statistically significant at five per cent i.e. (P<0.05ThesisItem Open Access KHILLAR CATTLE OF KARNATAKA – A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585 401, 2022) RAJASHEKHAR KARJOL; V. JagadeeswaryOver the years, there is a decline in the indigenous cattle population due to declining land holding and advancements in mechanization. Hence, an effort was made to analyze the utilization pattern, identify the marketing pattern and also to find the constraints faced by livestock farmers in management of Khillar cattle in Karnataka. The study was conducted in four districts possessing highest Khillar breed of cattle in Karnataka viz. Belagavi, Kalaburagi, Vijayapur and Haveri with total sample size of 240 respondents. The data was collected through personal interview method using a pretested semi-structured interview schedule and observation. The study found that majority of the respondents availed farm power by using Khillar bullocks and tractors followed by Khillar bullocks only. With regards to marketing pattern, it was found that majority of the farmers purchased Khillar cattle from the market followed by their neighbors in cattle shandy or cattle fair based on the breed characteristics followed by based on hair whorls. Majority of the farmers followed negotiation followed by undercover mechanism and determined the economic value of Khillar cow based on the prize won in the competition, followed by presence or absence of undesirable marks and breed characters. Further, cheating by brokers followed by transportation were the major problems in marketing of Khillar cattle. Major economic constraints were lack of credit facility from Government/ Banks followed by lack of subsidized insurance policy from Government and high cost of animal while, major managerial constraints expressed by farmers were lack of labour followed by seasonality of agricultural work. The study recommends to conduct comprehensive studies for different breeds in their home tracts for quantification of utility and draught animal power generation. Further, comparative economical studies between indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle and mechanization may also be conducted.ThesisItem Open Access ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION SERVICE DELIVERY TO CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN KARNATAKA-A MULTI STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR 585 401, 2022) CHETHAN KUMAR K N; K. SATYANARAYANDespite having vast network for bovine breeding, the overall AI coverage and post AI conception rate in the field has remained poor. In this background, a study on the AI service delivery system of Karnataka state with an exploratory and ex-post facto research designs was undertaken. Sample comprised of 30 VOs, 30 AITs and 30 dairy farmers form each division, and three semen stations were studied. Artificial inseminations were highest (3136821) during 2011-12 and lowest (2446905) during 2013-14. Conception rate was highest during 2018-19 (41.21%) and lowest during 2014- 15 (33.57%). The mean conception rate for period between 2011 to 2019 was 37.63 ± 2.90. DAHVS had network of 4214 veterinary institutions with one institute per 2717.9 bovines. Shortage of technical staff was 35.67 per cent with one veterinarian per 7682 cattle units. During 2020-21, 13 districts achieved above 100 per cent AI target given with an average conception rate of 36.2, 791475 calves were born with Belagavi (72436) recording highest calves born and Yadgir (3216) lowest. Majority of the respondents (51.67%) had medium level of knowledge, regularly adopted AI related practices (62.50%), 43.34 per cent got their animals inseminated after 24 hours of heat detection and 45.83 per cent of respondents demanded two inseminations at a time. High milk yield and better performance offspring and doorstep AI facility were the main reason for adoption of AI. Shortage of staff at different levels in the semen station, nutritional deficiencies, lack of knowledge in heat detection and timing of AI, insufficient AITs in the field, inadequate transport facilities, distant location of AI centre, poor conception rate with AI, non-availability of AI service round the clock were few important constraints. Incorrect timing of AI is a major reason for lower conception rate which stems from the lack of awareness of dairy farmers regarding timing of AI. Awareness program on AI in a campaign mode is the important recommendation.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION IN CROSSBRED COWS –A CRITICAL ANALYSIS IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585 226, 2022) CHAITHRA, H.L.; K. SATYANARAYANThe dairy sector in India plays a multi-faceted role in the socio-economic development of rural households. The cost of milk production is an important tool for the evaluation of economics of dairy enterprise at producers’ level as well as for fixing the procurement price at Dairy Co-operative Society level and to ensure that producers get remunerative price for milk and consumers get milk and milk products at reasonable price. Minimization in cost of production of milk is an important tool in the hands of entrepreneur through which profit could be maximized. Hence, this study was conducted in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka by collecting pre stratified data from 180 milk producing households. Ex-post-facto research design was adopted. Constraints faced by dairy farmers were also collected. Results of the study revealed that the percentage share of labour cost to the gross cost was highest in large-sized dairy (15.89%) followed by small (15.87%) and medium (15.66%). The share of total fixed cost to the gross cost was highest in large-sized herd (4.67%) followed by medium (4.46%) and small (4.08%). Cost of milk production was highest in small (Rs.21.48) herd size followed by medium (Rs.19.86) and large (Rs.19.72). Net return per litre was lowest in small (Rs.9.01) herd size compared to medium (Rs.11.52) and large (Rs.11.27). Among small, medium, large category and overall respondents, high feed and fodder cost and non-availability of fodder throughout the year were ranked to be the first and second constraint.ThesisItem Open Access A CRITICAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF FLOOD ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585 401, 2022) ANITHA M; V. JAGADEESWARYIndia is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, affecting overall 85 per cent of Indian land and more than fifty million people. Livestock in particular have remained highly vulnerable to almost all sort of natural disaster but the most frequent and vulnerable of all types is the occurrence of flood. The state of Karnataka was hit by severe floods in year 2019 which left a great impact on people as well as on the livestock. Hence the study was conducted in Belagavi and Kalaburgi divisions of Karnataka with total sample size of 320 livestock farmers and 40 Veterinary Officers. “Ex-post-facto” research design was adopted. The result of the study revealed that, majority of the respondents were men (69.75%), middle aged (49.69%), had middle school education (23.12%), had medium family size (38.43%), lived in nuclear family (75.00%), belonged to OBC category (40.62%) and due to flood there was no damage to animal house occurred (48.75%) followed by partially collapsed (45.63%) and completely collapsed animal house (5.62%). Majority of the respondents did not build any new animal house (48.75%), During flood majority of respondents, used flood water as the source of drinking water (56.25%) and decrease in crop production due to flood (MS 75.79) was major economic impact perceived by livestock farmers during flood. Fodder storage and shortage (MS 71.46) was the major challenge faced by livestock farmers. The major constraint was inadequate financial resource (MS 65.32). Majority of the respondents had adopted high mitigation measures in concerned with feeding management (48.44%), health care management (55.63%), and marketing management (38.44%), whereas medium mitigation measures as far as housing was concerned (51.25%). Majority of the Veterinary Officers adopted high livestock management measures (72.50%) during flood. Outbreak of various contagious diseases (MS 74.15) was major constraint faced by Veterinary Officers during floodThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF EXTENSION ADVISORY AND INPUT SERVICES IN CONTRACT AND NON CONTRACT BROILER FARMING IN KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) CHIDANANDA REDDY; GOPALA, G. T.Poultry Industry is 5,000 years old. Poultry is one of the most important and fastest growing sectors of agriculture today in India. The present study was conducted to know whether the contract and non-contract broiler farmers incur significantly different production and marketing costs and earn different marketing margins. The study was conducted in 3 districts of Karnataka and the data was collected from 60 contract and 60 non-contract broiler farmers through pretested interview schedule. The study revealed that 65 percent are middle aged and 85 percent of contract broiler farmers are male where as 75 percent are middle aged and cent percent of noncontract broiler farmers are male, for 66.67 percent of the contract broiler farmer’s poultry farming is secondary occupation whereas for 60 percent of the non-contract broiler farmers poultry is the primary occupation. Broiler farming is taken up by all social groups of the community. Cent percent of the contract broiler farmers depends on Integrator for the extension advisory services, non-contract broiler farmers depend upon private poultry consultant for extension advisory services. Production cost is Rs 2.71(includes only Labour, litter, electricity and miscellaneous) and sale rate is Rs 89.92 are less in contract broiler farming, where as in non-contract broiler farming production cost is Rs 81.30 and sale rate is Rs 98.92 and net return is Rs 11.47 and Rs 40.41per bird respectively. the returns are assured and almost fixed in contract broiler farming, whereas in non-contract broiler farming they vary widely depending upon the market price, Establishment of regulatory bodies and expansion and strengthening of the EAS is essential for further improvement.ThesisItem Open Access LIVESTOCK INSURANCE IN KARNATAKA – A CRITICAL ANALYSIS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR 585 401, 2022) MANJUNATHA, N; K.C. VEERANNALivestock insurance is an important risk mitigation tool especially for the resource poor farmers. Present study was conducted in Karnataka to assess the status of livestock insurance, awareness and adoption level, constraints, and suggestions for livestock insurance. An exploratory research design was adopted. Sample respondents of 100 adopters, 100 non-adopters, 200 veterinarians, 100 bankers and 50 staff of insurance agency. About 3 per cent of the total livestock of the state was covered under insurance during 2020-21through schemes. Out of 4 revenue divisions highest LI was covered in Bengaluru division. Adopters had medium to high level of awareness on procedures in availing and settling of LI. Awareness through extension participation and contacts, and positive experiences were the major factors influencing adoption of LI. Compared to native cattle (6) and buffaloes (23) crossbred cattle (231) and graded buffaloes (36) were insured in high numbers. None of the LI adopters availed LI directly from insurance company. Milk unions (49) were the major source of LI across the study area followed by Department of Animal Husbandry and banks. Experience of farmers with respect to LI was very low and renewal was high in south Karnataka whereas, it was almost negligible in north Karnataka. Education, family income, extension contact have positive corelation while, family size has negative corelation with LI adoption. Non availability of LI round the year and to all livestock, high premium rates, lengthy and complex LI procedures, and delay in claim settlement were the major constraints to the farmers. Addressing the important constraints, awareness programs on LI in campaign mode, ease in LI procedures with use of android apps were the suggestions perceived as necessary for improving the status of LI adoption.ThesisItem Open Access A PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH ON RAM LAMB FATTENING – AN ENTERPRISE IN RURAL AREAS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR 585401, 2022) N. GIRIRAJ; K.C. VEERANNAThe participatory action research approach coupled with cross-sectional survey and focused group discussion was adopted and identified, mortality of ram lambs during the initial period of fattening, the incidence of diseases, inadequate scientific knowledge in sheep management, lack of proper training and information on ram lamb fattening, lack of knowledge on the selection of lambs, and unorganized markets as the prioritized constraints in ram lamb fattening entrepreneurship in rural areas of south interior Karnataka. To address these prioritized constraints an extension education intervention coupled with strategic health care management intervention was designed and implemented in selected ram lamb fattening enterprises through participatory research methods. The evaluation of strategic health care intervention, indicated maximum benefits in intervention enterprises (89.17 per cent rams available for sale, mortality rate: 10.83 per cent, specific disease incidence level: 20.72 per cent) in comparison with non-intervention enterprises (67.50 per cent rams available for sale, mortality rate: 32.50 per cent, specific disease incidence level: 51.06 per cent). Cost-benefit analysis of ram lamb fattening revealed that the net returns per ram lamb per fattening period of 240 days was Rs 4,600/- and Rs 2,953/- in small and large enterprises respectively. The net return per lamb per day was worked out to Rs. 19.16 /- and Rs. 12.30/- with a cost-benefit ratio of 1: 1.42.and 1:1.25 in small and large ram lamb fattening enterprises. Small entrepreneurs have perceived improvement in their self-reliance, and income stability of their households to some extent. But on the contrary, many large entrepreneurs were ambiguous in their views about transformation to their socio-economic status from lamb fattening entrepreneurship in the study area.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON ADOPTION OF GREEN FODDER PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN KALYANA KARNATAKA REGION(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR 585 226, 2023) NAGARAJ; Prakashkumar RathodThe present study was conducted to know the adoption of various green fodder production practices, knowledge level, impact and constraints faced by farmers in green fodder production. The study also sensitized and mobilized dairy farmers for intensive cultivation of super napier fodder. An ex-post facto research was conducted in Bidar, Kalaburagi and Yadgir districts of Karnataka. Thirty farmers from each district were selected, making a sample size of 90 farmers and 10 farmers were sensitized and mobilized for intensive cultivation of super napier. Majority of the respondents were young aged holding a degree in a joint family with agriculture as a primary occupation with medium level of experience in animal husbandry. Majority of the respondents had small animal units and land holding with low income from agriculture. Majority of them participated in farm visits and training programs and seek information from friends, KMF, mobile and WhatsApp while majority had low level of awareness in green fodder production. They preferred non-leguminous fodder followed by rainfed and leguminous fodder with medium level of scientific orientation and high knowledge level in feeding practices. Majority of the farmers had low level of awareness and preferred non-leguminous fodder followed by rainfed and leguminous. Majority had high knowledge level about feeding practices while 51.64 per cent of farmers adopted green fodder cultivation. Lack of irrigation and less land holding were the major constraints in the study. It was found that super napier is high yielding with good nutritive value and there was an increase in milk yield after feeding. The study concluded that there is a need to improve the knowledge level of farmers related to different fodder production practices and help to improve their economic condition through increase in livestock production. Key words: Adoption, Green fodder production, Super napier, Action research, Mobilization.
