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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE SODIUM ON OSTEOARTHRITIS IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SYED SUHEB; V. MAHESHThe influence of pentosan polysulfate sodium for the treatment of osteoarthritis in six dogs was studied. Hip joint was the most commonly affected joint, followed by elbow joint and stifle joints. Most of the osteoarthritis cases were seen in Labrador Retriever breed male dogs above five years of age. The drug pentosan polysulfate sodium administered at the dose rate of 3 mg per kg body weight by subcutaneous route at weekly intervals for four weeks was found to be effective and best suited for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. There were no significant variations observed in physiological parameters like rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate, haematological parameters like Hb, TEC, TLC, and DLC, and biochemical parameters like serum creatinine and ALT. Weight bearing score, joint motion score, pain score and lameness scores were highest before treatment, which was significantly reduced from the seventh day till the 45th day after the treatment in all the six dogs. There was significant improvement in weight bearing in all the six dogs after the treatment. Radiographic evaluation after treatment showed significant improvement in radiographic signs such as reduction in osteophytic changes, increase in the joint space and improvement in remodeling of femoral head. The drug was also economically feasible and easy to administer when compared to the daily oral medications.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON HUMAN AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE TRANSPLANTATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CORNEAL ULCERS IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) VIDHYASHREE G A; L. SURESHThe present study was conducted with the objective to study the incidence of corneal ulcer and efficacy of Human Amniotic Membrane transplantation for the treatment of corneal ulcers in clinical cases of dogs presented to the Dept. of Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru. In the study period of 12 months, 25.60% (53 dogs) accounted for corneal ulcers out of 207 ocular affections in dogs. Most of the corneal ulcers were seen in Shih-tzu male dogs of below three years of age. Culturing of the corneal swabs revealed presence of gram positive Staphylococcus Spp. majorly. Freeze dried human amniotic membrane was used as an overlay patch which was first hydrated with the saline and then applied to the cornea and was sutured to the bulbar conjunctiva using polyglactin 910, no-6.0 interrupted sutures at 6 places followed by temporary tarsorrhaphy and Elizabethan collar application. The gross changes at the ulcer site after AMT were decreased neovascularization and reduced corneal opacity, corneal transparency was regained in most of the cases on 28th post operative day. Physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters varied non-significantly during the study period. Vision function tests like palpebral reflex, menace reflex, pupillary light reflex and cotton ball test were conducted in all the animals subjected for the study and there was an improvement in these reflexes post-operatively suggestive of regaining the vision. The FD-AM graft used for management of corneal ulcer provided rapid epithelization without neovascularization and scarring of the cornea which is important for corneal healing and hence human amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective surgical technique for the treatment of corneal ulcer with satisfactory visual and cosmetic appearance in dogs.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON TUBE CYSTOSTOMY FOLLOWED WITH AND WITHOUT URINARY ACIDIFIER FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE UROLITHIASIS IN SMALL RUMINANTS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SHIVARAJU E; L. SURESHThe study was conducted in 12 clinical cases of small ruminants suffering from obstructive urolithiasis to compare the efficacy of tube cystostomy technique followed with and without urinary acidifier for the management of obstructive urolithiasis. Twelve small ruminants suffering from obstructive urolithiasis with and without rupture of bladder were divided into two groups with six each. All the animals of both the groups were subjected for tube cystostomy. Postoperatively ammonium chloride was administered per orally to the animals of group A at 200 mg/kg body weight as a urinary acidifier for a period of one month whereas the animals of group B did not receive the acidifier. Urethral process amputation was performed in all the animals. Preoperatively retrograde urethrography using urografin as contrast agent helped to know the site of obstruction and postoperatively normograde cystourethrography was performed by infusion of contrast agent via Foley’s catheter to know the placement of catheter and patency of urethra on subsequent days of treatment. Ultrasonography helped in confirmatory diagnosis of urolithiasis. Maximum incidence of urinary retention was recorded in the age group of less than 6 months (47.55%) and in summer season (42.62%). The common type of urolith found was struvite. The recovery and success rate in group A and group B was found to be 83.33 and 66.66 per cent, respectively. Both the treatment regimen proved to be effective for the management of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants and in comparison tube cystostomy followed with urinary acidifier (group A) was found superior with higherThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MEDETOMIDINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE AS PREANAESTHETICS FOR PROPOFOL - ISOFLURANE GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) RAMESHA, H.; V. MAHESHThe study was conducted to evaluate Medetomidine and Dexmedetomidine as pre-anaesthetic for Propofol-Isoflurane general anaesthesia in dogs. The study was conducted on 18 clinical cases of dogs divided in to 3 groups with six dogs in each group. All the dogs were atropinised (0.04 mg/kg BW SC) except Group I. The dogs of Group I anaesthesia were induced by administering Propofol (6 mg/kg IV). Group II animals received medetomidine (20 μg/kg IV). Group III animals received Dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg IV), later anaesthesia was induced by administering Propofol (3 mg/kg IV) after 10 minutes of pre-anaesthetic administration in all the dogs of Group II and Group III. Maintenance of anaesthesia was done under Isoflurane in all the three groups. The onset of sedation was non-significant between Group II and Group III dogs. The induction time was significantly slower in Group I dogs compare to Group II and Group III dogs. The recovery time was quicker in Group I dogs followed by Group III dogs when compared to Group II dogs. Physiological parameters, haematological, biochemical and haemodynamic parameters showed no significant variation in all the three groups but significant decrease in respiratory rate was observed. Blood gas parameters revealed significant changes PaCO2, PaO2 and pH. In conclusion, the anesthetic protocol carried out in Group II and Group III have given satisfactory results with respect to sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation, smooth induction and recovery without any untoward events orcomplications as compared to directly induced Propofol Group. Therefore, both the drugs produced potent sedative effect.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ELASTIC STABLE INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING (ESIN) FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURE OF FEMUR IN SKELETALLY IMMATURE DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) RAHUL P A; V. MAHESHThe occurrence of long bone fracture cases during the study period of 12 months was 3.71%, out of which 39.5% were femoral fractures. Most of the femoral fractures were seen in Non-Descript breed male dogs below six months of age. Diaphyseal transverse type of fracture was the most commonly observed and the major cause was found to be automobile accidents. Two pre-bent titanium elastic nails were inserted into the metaphyseal region each avoiding epiphyseal growth plates in 6 skeletally immature dogs. Symmetric bracing action of elastic nails provided three point fixation inside the medullary cavity and gave rotational, axial, translational and flexural stability. The pain score was highest on the pre-operative day, which was significantly reduced from the 7th post-operative day till the 45th post-operative day in all the six dogs. Dogs started bearing partial weight on the fractured limb from 14th post-operative day, but complete weight bearing in all dogs was observed between the 28th to 45th post-operative day. Immediate post-operative radiographs showed proper reduction and good alignment of the fractured fragments. Post-operative radiographic studies revealed early callus formation and consolidation of the fracture. Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing was found to be best suited for treatment of diaphyseal fractures of femur in skeletally immature dogs as the technique was minimally invasive, provided optimal stability and elasticity which developed early bridging callus and contributed to faster healing of bone without disturbing the growth plate in skeletally immature bone thus allowing early weight bearing and walking.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL AS PRE-ANAESTHETIC WITH ALFAXALONE INDUCED AND MAINTAINED ANAESTHESIA FOR NEUTERING IN CATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) PRERANA S J; K. M. SRINIVASA MURTHYThe study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol as pre-anaesthetic with alfaxalone induced and maintained anaesthesia for neutering in cats. Cats in the present study showed moderate to intense depth of sedation, smooth to very smooth anaesthetic induction and very good to excellent recovery from anaesthesia. Results revealed significant decrease in rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and pulse rate during the anaesthetic period and haematological parameters like TEC, haemoglobin, PCV, TLC and DLC varied nonsignificantly within in acceptable limit. The biochemical parameters namely Creatinine, BUN, ALT, TP showed a non-significant changes and blood glucose showed a significant increase by the end of anesthetic period. There was a significant decrease upto 30 minutes and then non-significant decrease in oxygen saturation; initial increase followed by decrease in mean arterial blood pressure were observed in the present study. ECG changes revealed decrease in heart rate and increase in ‘T’ wave amplitude after administration of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol intramuscularly and no cardiac arrhythmias attributable to the administration of intravenous alfaxalone in cats. In conclusion, intravenous administration of alfaxalone provided rapid and smooth loss of consciousness, excellent muscle relaxation, short duration of anaesthetic effect and uneventful recovery. Alfaxalone has minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects and can be used as an alternative to routinely used anaesthetic drugs in cats.ThesisItem Open Access SUPERCUTANEOUS PLATING FOR THE TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC COMPOUND METATARSAL BONE FRACTURE IN BOVINES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) MADHAV AJJODI; B. N. NAGARAJABovine long bone fracture treatment is always challenging for a Veterinary orthopaedician. Post-operative care and control of sepsis are important in successful outcome of these surgeries. A trending demand for minimally invasive procedures in treatment of fracture is increasing in recent times. Hence the present study was undertaken to investigate the supercutaneous plating technique for the repair of compound metatarsal bone fractures in bovines. Six bovine clinical cases with compound metatarsal fractures were selected and were stabilized by supercutaneous plating technique using special 4.5 mm/ 5.0 mm locking compression plates and locking head screws. Occurrence of metatarsal fracture was more in less than a year age of calves and relatively more males were affected. Variation in the physiological and hematological parameters were statistically non-significant. The biochemical parameters like serum calcium, phosphorus showed statistically non- significant variations. Whereas, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated up to 30th postoperative day and returned to normalcy by the end of the study period. Radiographic evaluation revealed satisfactory bone healing with sufficient callus formation at the fractured site on 45th to 60th postoperative days. All the animals started partially bearing weight immediately after surgery and gradually, complete weight bearing starting from 15th post-operative day till 60th postoperative day. By controlled-dynamization and staged disassembly of screws, implant was removed on 60th post-operative day based on radiographic clinical union and callus formation at the fractured site to allow gradual load-sharing on operated limb. Based on the observations of the study, it could be concluded that the supercutaneous plating technique for the repair of metatarsal fractures in bovines showed effective immobilization of the fracture fragments, quick to apply, minimally invasive, adaptable and feasible to be used in the field conditions.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF POLYAXIAL LOCKING PLATE SYSTEM AND LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE FOR TIBIAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN GOATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585 226, 2023) CHIMKODE SHASHIKANT; D. DILIPKUMARThe research was conducted in 12 clinical cases of goats affected with tibial fractures. The goats were randomly divided into two groups with six goats in each group. The feasibility of two different techniques of ORIF using 3.5mm locking plates applied as aninternal fixatorwere evaluated using clinical, radiological and biochemical changes on pre-operative day, post-operative day 0, 15, 30, and 60. In group I, PAX, in group II LCP, were applied. All the animals showed slight to moderate weight bearing from 7th to 15th post-operative day and moderate to good weight bearing by 30th post-operative day. Good to excellent weight bearing was achieved by 60th post-operative day.Functional weight bearing was observed in all the groups by day 60. Group II (LCP) showed slightly better weight bearing throughout the period of study compared to group I. Radiological evaluation revealed, that fracture healing in all the groups was through secondary callus formation. Initiation of periosteal callus was noticed on day 15 in all the groups. Apparent bridging of the fracture site was noticed in all the groups on day 30. Cortico-medullary union was established on day 60. The complete union and initiation of remodelling of fracture was observed to be earlier in group II, compared to group I. There was no significant difference between both the groups at all the intervals of study in serum alkaline phosphatase level. There was so significant difference in serum calcium level at any intervals of study. Which was same with the levels of serum inorganic phosphorous. However, all the parameters showed rise in levels upto day 30 and returned to normal physiological range by 60th day.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE AND LOCKING RECONSTRUCTION PLATE FOR FEMORAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN CATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR – 585 226, 2023) SHREEVANI; B. V. SHIVAPRAKASHThe research was conducted in 12 clinical cases of cats with mid-diaphyseal femur fractures. The cats were randomly divided into two groups with six cats in each group. The feasibility of two different plates such as LCP and locking reconstruction plates were evaluated using clinical, radiological and biochemical changes on pre-operative day, post-operative day 0, 15, 30 and 60. The anaesthetic combination midazolam @ 0.3mg/kg i/m and ketamine @ 10 mg/kg i/v and isoflurane maintenance produced satisfactory surgical plane of anaesthesia for bone plating. In group I, LCP, and in group II, locking reconstruction were used. Weight bearing was similar in both the groups on day 30 and 60. On day 0 and 15 better weight bearing was observed in group II with locking reconstruction plate than group I with locking compression plate. Radiographically the healing was comparable and were almost similar in both the groups. However, the fracture was barely visible in group I and was partially visible in group II. On day 60, in both the groups the fracture healed with bony union without external bridging of callus. The physiological and biochemical parameters were increased on pre-operative day and decreased on subsequent postoperative days. However, the values were within the normal physiological limits. Post-operative complications were minimum in both the groups. In group I partial pulling out of screw was noticed in one cat on day 8. In group II dehiscence of skin sutures was observed due to self mutilation. All operated cats recovered uneventfully.
