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Subject: Veterinary Physiology ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON METABOLIC AND HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILES OF CROSSBRED COWS WITH LAMINITIS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) DODDABASAVANA GOWDA, K.; A. M. KOTRESH
    Laminitis is a diffuse, aseptic, serous, non-purulent inflammation of the laminar corium of the hoof wall. The present study was undertaken to determine assessment haemato-biochemical profiles in crossbred cows with laminitis reared in the central dry zone of Karnataka. The CB cows considered for the present study were divided into three groups like group-I (N=10) as control group having apparently healthy crossbred cows without laminitis, group- II (N=20) having crossbred cows with acute laminitis, Group- III (N=20) having crossbred cows chronic laminitis. Metabolic profiles such as Blood glucose, NEFA, Total protein, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), revealed statically significant (P<0.05) increased levels in both laminitis groups compared to control group. In haematological profiles there is a significant decrease (p<0.05) in RBC count, PCV, WBC, and haemoglobin (Hb), however there was no significant difference in other haematological parameters such as MCH, MCV, MCHC, and lymphocyte percentage in laminitis group compared to control. In mineral profile there was a significant decrease(p<0.05) in the calcium noticed however there is no significant difference in phosphorus levels in group II, III, compared to control groups. Correlation of haematological parameters such haemoglobin concentration, RBC counts, and packed cell volume, lymphocytes (%) was made with NEFA which showed negative correlation while with BHBA showed positive correlation except lymphocyte percentage. However, calcium showed positive correlation expect lymphocytes while there was a negative correlation with respect to phosphorus and haematological parameters in laminitis group compared to control. Key words: Laminitis, Metabolic profile, Haematological profile, Hoof disorders.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MALNAD GIDDA COWS UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN SHIVAMOGGA DISTRICT
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SUNIL, M.G.; A. M. KOTRESH
    Native breeds of cattle in India are well known for draft purposes, resistance to diseases and adaptability. Shivamogga district of Karnataka is densely populated with Malnad Gidda cows which are small statured cattle and are reared by farmers mostly as subsidiary practice to agriculture in heavy rainfall hilly areas of Western Ghat. System of management in different seasons directly affects health, production and welfare status of an animal. Apparently healthy twenty-four Malnad Gidda cows of same parity were selected and were grouped as, Group- I (N=12), reared under semi intensive system of management, Group- II (N=12), reared under extensive system of management. Blood samples were collected two times in weekly intervals during summer, rainy and winter season and was used for the estimation of biochemical parameters like NEFA, BHBA, Serum Glucose, Total Cholesterol, Total Protein, Albumin, BUN, AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin, Calcium and Phosphorus and haematological parameters TLC, TEC, Hb%, PCV and Total Platelet Count. The obtained values for Malnad Gidda cows in different management practice and during the different seasons, statistically did not vary significantly (P<0.05). Although the sample size was limited, these results might indicate the breed’s natural resistance towards the climatic variations observed in the region of Shivamogga district of Karnataka state as well as the breed’s adaptability to the stress conditions, disease status and the different system of management. Key words: Adaptability, Season, System of management, Malnad Gidda.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF MICROSPORIDIAL AND CRYPTOSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN DOGS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) AMIT PUTHANIKAR; ANANTHAKRISHNA L. R.
    The Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis are most common microsporidia infects the humans and have also been detected in dogs and other animals causing gastrointestinal infection worldwide. Cryptosporidial infection is a life-threatening in immunosuppressed patient such as HIV infected and organ transplanted individuals. The studies have shown that dogs are intermittent shedders of both microsporidia and Cryptosporidium in the environment and also with a known fact that dogs are the most frequent close companion animals to humans posing a threat of transmission of these pathogens. Hence the present study was undertaken with an objective to investigate occurrence of microsporidia and Cryptosporidium and their hemato-biochemical changes in dogs present around Shimogga district, Karnataka. Upon examination of 124 faecal samples by using species specific PCR it was found to be 4.83% prevalence rate of microsporidia more specifically Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The prevalence rate varied between different places within Shivamogga. From the PCR positive samples, pinkish spores can be appreciated further by MT staining method. No samples were found positive for Cryptosporidium by PCR method. Hematological and biochemical parameters analyzed in microsporidia positive samples revels there was a limited changes in lymphocyte count, ALT, creatinine and total bilirubin concentration. The observations in the current study conclude that, microsporidial infection was prevalent in the dogs of Karnataka. For the first time, the zoonotic species, microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi was recorded in dogs. As per the available published literature, this study is the first of its kind on the prevalence of microsporidia in the dogs in India. Key words: microsporidia, Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Modified Trichrome (MT) stain, India
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIETARY BETAINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN DEONI CALVES DURING SUMMER
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585 401, 2023) TRUPTHI; SRINIVAS REDDY BELLUR
    The present study was conducted to assess effects of dietary betaine supplementation on physiological parameters, growth parameters, anti-oxidant parameters, hormonal profile, biochemical profile, and haematological profile in Deoni calves during summer stress. The study was carried out at LRIC, Deoni farm, Bidar during summer season (April-May 2021) for a period of 2 months. The THI ranged from 75.29 to 79.38 indicative to mild to moderate heat stress in calves. Ten Deoni calves were randomly divided into control and treatment group with five calves in each group. Control group was fed basal diet alone. For the treatment group, basal diet was supplemented with anhydrous betaine hydrochloride @ 5 grams per calf per day in the diet during the study period. The In the present study, rectal temperatures significantly (P< 0.05) lower from day 35 onwards, respiration rates were significant (P< 0.05) lower from day 42 onwards and heart rates were significant (P< 0.05) lower from day 49 onwards in betaine supplemented group. Growth parameters revealed increase in weight gain from day 21 onwards and there was increase in girth, height, and length in betaine treated group from day 28, day 42 and day 35 onwards respectively when compared to the control group during study period. Anti-oxidant profile revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in plasma LPO activity was noted on day 45 and 60 in treatment group, significant (P< 0.05) increase in the mean plasma SOD and catalase from day 45 onwards in treatment group when compared to that of control group. Hormonal profile revealed that the treatment group had significantly (P< 0.05) lower plasma cortisol and higher T4 levels from day 45 onwards compared to control group. The biochemical parameters viz., plasma glucose, plasma albumin, plasma calcium and plasma inorganic phosphorus levels were significantly higher (P ˂ 0.05) whereas plasma triglycerides, plasma cholesterol, and plasma creatinine levels were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in treatment group compared to control. TEC, Hb, PCV values revealed that there were increased at 35th, 45th and 60th day of the study. Whereas, Lymphocyte % were significantly higher and neutrophils were significantly lower in treatment group at day 60. From the results of the current study, it can be concluded that betaine supplementation is economically beneficial with increased growth performance as it ameliorates the negative effects of heat stress because of its potent anti-oxidant property, enhancing hormonal and physio-biochemical balance, and also through improved haematological profile data as observed in our study. Key words: Deoni, calves, betaine, growth, antioxidant, hormone
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OVSYNCH AND PROGESTERONE SPONGE BASED ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS IN MANDYA SHEEP
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) PRATHVIRAJ; SRINIVAS REDDY BELLUR
    The present study based on two estrus synchronization protocols in 30 multiparous Mandya breed of sheep. Study was carried out at the Livestock Research and Information Centre Nagamangala, KVAFSU, Bidar, during the breeding season. The ewes divided into two groups (15 each). OVSYNCH was followed for protocol 1, and Progesterone + OVSYNCH was followed for protocol 2. Blood samples from study animals were collected at day, 0, day 7, day of estrus/mating, 30 days post mating and at the time of mating. Pregnancy diagnosis were done 30 days post mating using ultrasonography The reproductive parameters such as estrus response, time for onset of estrus, rate of conception, lambing percentages, twinning rate, lamb birth weight and lambs sex ratio were recorded. Serum estrogen and progesterone were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits, and serum biochemical parameters glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed using reagent kits. The estrus response was 60.00 % for protocol 1 and 80.00 % for protocol 2. The average interval for onset of estrus were 19.00 hours for protocol 1 and 24.75 hours for protocol 2. The rate of conception during present study were 40.00 % in protocol 1 and 60.00 % in protocol 2. The lambing percentage on total ewe basis were 40 % and 60 %, lambing percentage on estrus basis were 66.60 % and 75.00 %, lambing percentage on tupping basis were 75.00 % and 90.00 % in protocol 1 and 2 respectively. The average Lamb birth weights were 1.97 kg and 2.06 Kg, Male: Female sex ratio was 1:1 and 1:1.25 for protocol 1 and 2 respectively. Significantly (P˂0.05) higher serum estrogen levels were noted at day of estrus/mating and on the day of lambing in both protocol 1 and protocol 2. Significantly lowest serum progesterone levels were observed at day of estrus/mating, in both the protocol 1 and protocol 2. Significantly (P˂ 0.05) lowest serum glucose levels were observed at day of lambing compared to all other stages of study period in both the protocols. Significantly lowest serum total protein and albumin levels were observed at day of lambing compared to all other stages of study period in both the protocols. Significantly lowest serum cholesterol levels were observed at day 0 and day 7 in both protocols. Significantly lowest levels were observed at day 0 and day 7 in protocol 1 and at day 0 in protocol 2 compared to all other stages of study period. Key words: Mandya ewe, Estrus synchronization, Reproductive parameter, Serum biochemistry
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF SHORT AND LONG TERM APPLICATION OF PROGESTERONE SPONGES IN COMBINATION WITH GnRH FOR ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN MANDYA SHEEP
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) AMIT; SHRIKANT KULKARNI
    A study was carried out for evaluating short- and long-term application of progesterone sponges in combination with PGF2α and GnRH for estrus synchronization in Mandya sheep. 30 ewes are divided in two equal groups (15 ewes in each group) namely short-term progesterone treatment group (protocol 1, intravaginal progesterone sponge for 5 days following PGF2α injection and GnRH injection) and long-term progesterone treatment group (protocol 2, intravaginal progesterone sponge for 12 days following PGF2α injection and GnRH injection). In the current study estrus response, conception rates, lambing percentage on total ewe basis, lambing percentage on estrus basis, lambing percentage on tupping basis, twinning rate, lamb birth weight and sex ratio in protocol 1 and 2 were 21.33 and 24.83 hours, 53.33 and 60%, 53.33 and 60%, 88.88 and 75%, 80 and 75%, nil in both, 1.95 and 1.96 kg and 4:4 and 5:4 ratio respectively. There was no significant difference observed in serum glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and serum urea nitrogen between the Protocol 1 and 2. However, there was significant (P ˂ 0.05) difference observed within the protocols. There were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher estrogen values at day of lambing and at day of estrus/mating compared to all other stages of study both in Protocol 1 and Protocol 2. However, significantly lower serum progesterone levels were noted at the day of estrus in both the protocols compared to all other stages of study. There was no significant (P˃ 0.05) difference in serum estrogen and progesterone levels between the Protocols. Key words: Estrus response, Long term, Mandya ewe, Progesterone sponge, Short term.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SATISH
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) SATISH; SHRIKANT KULKARNI)
    The current experiment was carried out at Veterinary College, Bidar to study the effects of dietary supplementation of betaine on haemato-biochemical profile, antioxidant status and growth performance in broilers. Eighty, day-old commercial broiler chicks were reared commonly in deep litter system with similar managemental inputs during acclimatization period of two weeks. On 15th day the broilers were divided randomly into four groups with 20 birds in each. Group I (Control) was provided with basal diet, Group II with basal diet supplemented with betaine @ 1g/ kg diet, Group III with basal diet supplemented with betaine @ 2g/ kg diet and Group IV was provided with basal diet supplemented with betaine @ 4g/ kg diet. Haematological parameters analysed manually as per standard protocol for avian blood. Biochemical parameters were estimated using semi-automated biochemistry analyzer. Antioxidant parameters were measured manually by spectro-photometric method. Growth parameters were recorded at weekly intervals. Dressing percentage was measured at the end of the study. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by Two-way ANOVA with the application of Bonferroni’s post-test using ‘GraphPad Prism’ version 5.01 (2007) computerized software. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test was utilized for analyzing dressing percentage. In the present study, in betaine supplemented group TEC, TLC, Lymphocyte %, TP, Globulin levels and SOD activity were significantly higher in Group III and IV at 5th week of age as compared to those of control group (Group I). Dietary betaine supplementation significantly lowered heterophil %, H/L ratio, Cholesterol, BUN, LPO levels at 4thand 5th week of age as compared to those of control group. In the present study, in betaine supplemented groups (Group III and IV) theweekly body weights, weight gains, dressing percentages were significantly higher and FCR was significant lower at last two weeks of study as compared to those of control group. From the above results it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of betaine improved growth performance and apart from this betaine supplementation had hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect apart from notable influence on immunity. Feeding betaine is economical owing to its cheap availability and improved growth performance. Key Words: Betaine, Broilers, Haemato-Biochemical, Growth
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ASHWAGANDHA AND CITRUS BIOFLAVONOIDS SUPPLEMENTATION ON HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN BROILERS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401, 2022) SARITA; SRINIVAS REDDY BELLUR
    An experiment was carried out to assess the effect of Ashwagandha and Citrus Bioflavonoids as feed additives on hemato-biochemical profile, antioxidant status and growth performance in broiler. A total of Eighty (80)-day old broiler chicks (Vencobb- 400) were reared commonly and given similar managemental inputs during acclimatization period of two weeks. On 15th day birds were divided randomly and equally into four groups. Group-I (Control) had basal diet. For Group-II, basal diet was supplemented with Ashwagandha extract @1000mg/kg diet, Group-III with supplemental Citrus Bioflavonoids @1000 mg/kg of diet and Group-IV was supplemented with Ashwagandha extract@500mg/kg + Citrus Bioflavonoids @500 mg/kg diet was fed from 15th day to 35 days of age. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals till the end of experiment. Hematological parameters and antioxidant status were measured manually as per standard protocol. Also, plasma biochemical parameters were estimated in automatic analyzer and growth performance was measured by calculating weekly feed intake, body weight, weekly body weight gain, FCR and dressing per centage. The results suggested that dietary supplementation of Ashwagandha and Citrus Bioflavonoids alone and in combination in broilers had positive influences on all haematological parameters and rather has shown noticeable improvement in Hb content and lymphoproliferative property in broilers. Besides, it had significantly (P< 0.05) lowered glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels and positive effects on plasma proteins. Significantly (P< 0.05) lower LPO and higher SOD, CAT and GPx activity were observed in Group-II, III and IV compared to the Group-I. In addition, improved BW, WBWG, FI, FCR, and dressing percentage were noted in supplemented broiler chickens. In conclusion these results were indicative of Ashwagandha and Citrus Bioflavonoids alone and in combination are beneficial to improve plasma-biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and growth performance in broilers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF QUERCETIN AND LYCOPENE ON HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN BROILERS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) RAVIKANTH; SHRIKANT KULKARNI
    An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of quercetin and lycopene on hematological, biochemical, antioxidant and growth parameters in broilers. Day old commercial broiler chicks (80 Nos) were reared commonly and given similar managemental inputs during acclimatization period of two weeks. On 15th day the broilers were divided randomly and equally into four groups. Group I (Control) provided with basal diet, in Group II basal diet were supplemented with quercetin @ 100 mg/ kg of diet, in Group III basal diet were supplemented with lycopene @ 100 mg/ kg of diet and in Group IV basal diet were supplemented with quercetin @ 50 mg/ kg + lycopene @ 50 mg/ kg of diet. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals till the end of the experiment. Haematological, biochemical, antioxidant and growth parameters were measured as per standard protocol. The results showed that the supplementation of quercetin and lycopene significantly (P˂ 0.05) increased Hb, PCV, SOD, GSH-Px levels; significantly (P˂ 0.05) decreased Heterophil (%), Heterophil/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, MDA, Cholesterol and Creatinine levels during last week of the study. There was significant (P˂ 0.05) increase in TEC, Catalase and Body weight values; significant (P˂ 0.05) decrease in triglycerides and BUN values during last two weeks of the study. There was marked improvement in body weight gain, feed intake, FCR and Dressing percentage. However, treatments showed no significant (P˃ 0.05) difference in the values of MCV, MCH, MCHC, TLC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils, Glucose, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin and A/G ratio during the study period. It is concluded that the supplementation of quercetin, lycopene and their combination in the diet of broilers have positive influence on heamoto-biochemical, antioxidant and growth parameters