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Theses (PG)

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2018 - 201926
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End date: 2019 × Start date: 2017 × Thesis Type: M.F.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “STUDIES ON BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MOON FISH, MENE MACULATA (BLOCH AND SCHNEIDER, 1801) OFF MANGALORE COAST”
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, KARNATAKA, 2019) Sneha Darshan, C.,; H.N.ANJANAYAPPA
    The moon fish, Mene maculata is belonging to the genus Mene, family Menidae, and order Perciforms, popularly called moon fish. The present study based on the observation of a 452 total individuals ranging from 11 to 27 cm size, comprising 227 males and 225 females were collected fortnightly from Mangaluru landing centre. The length-weight relationship of M. maculata did not show any significant difference between sexes and pooled equation were drawn Log W= 0.0276 + 2.8567 Log L. The relative condition factor (Kn) values for male and female varied from 1.055-1.059 respectively. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of gut content showed that the fish mainly fed on crustaceans, fishes and occasionally on mollusks, occurrence of the mud and sand particles in the gut indicated that the fish is bottom feeder. Active feeding observed during November and December which coincides with the post- spawning season, poor feeding was noticed in the month of February and April which indicates breeding season of the fish. The overall Sex- ratio was estimated as male: female = 1:0.99. The length at 50 % maturity was found to be 19-21 cm (TL), for male and female respectively. The Gonad-Somatic Index values ranged from 0.3794 to 2.5485 in male and in case of female, it fluctuated between 0.4245 to 3.3315. Fecundity of M. maculata varied from 1,01,051 to 2,38,875 eggs with an average of 1,66,962 eggs/female depending upon the size of the fish. The ova diameter ranged from 0.04 to 0.91mm. The species is a prolonged spawner. The proximate composition revealed that the Moisture has 71.10 %, followed by protein 23.29 %, ash 3.97 %, and fat 1.91 %.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “STUDIES ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE BLACK BANDED TREVALLY, SERIOLINA NIGROFASCIATA (RUPPELL, 1982) ALONG THE MANGALURU COAST”
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018) KALAVATHI N.R.,; MANSING NAIK)
    The black-banded trevally, Seriolina nigrofasciata found In indo-west pacific, from eastern coast of Africa to Australia, north to southern Japan. Seriolina nigrofasciata (order: perciformes, family : Carangidae ) is a non-schooling carangid fish which occurs at the depth from 20-150 m and is commonly found in offshore reefs over the continental shelf on rocky bottom. This species is also called as “black banded king fish or butter fish” and locally called as “Neyyi meenu”. The present study is based on the observation of a total 627 individuals ranging in size from 15 to 63 cm total length (TL) comprising 280 males and 347 females. The length-weight relationship for male was W= 0.0179L2.9596 and for female W=0.0186L2.9156 . The relative condition factor (Kn) values for male and female varied from 0.9727 and 1.3307 respectively. Analysis of the gut content indicated that fish is carnivore and the diet was composed of Semi-digested matter 68.04 %, teleost 20.80 %, molluscans 16.66 %, crustaceans 3.49 %. The size at the first maturity for male and female appeared at a length of 36 cm and 39 cm TL respectively. The sex-ratio of male:female was found to be 1:1.23 in the commercial catches, showing dominance of female in the population. The Ganado-Somatic Index values ranged from 0.2149 to 2.1769 in male and in case of female, it fluctuated between 0.2342 to 3.9696. The fecundity ranged from 1,92,295 to 7,60,248 eggs with an average 5,02,906 eggs per individual . The ova diameter ranged from 0.01 to 0.5mm. The maturity stages of Seriolina nigrofasciata indicated that this species is a annual single spawner during November to febraury. Proximate composition revealed that fish muscle has 74.03 % to 83.12 % moisture, 14.58 % to 21.87 %. protein, 0.57 % to 3.66 % fat, and 0.86 % to 1.64 %. of ash.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BREEDING, LARVAL REARING AND GROW-OUT OF AMUR CARP AND LOCAL COMMON CARP
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) DETTY NEBU; N. BASAWARAJ
    The present study was undertaken to compare the breeding, nursery and grow-out rearing of Amur carp and local strain of common carp in coastal Karnataka. The brooders of Amur and common carp were bred simultaneously with an inducing agent, Spawn pro. Observations indicated that Spawn pro (sGnRH and domperidone) induced 100% spawning in both the strains of common carp, with response time varying between 8-10 h at 27 °C and there was a significant difference in fecundity and fertilization rate between injected and uninjected fish. Amur carp was less fecund than local common carp; the average relative fecundity per gram of body weight was 102 and 157 in Amur and local common carp, respectively. The fertilization rate was not significantly different in Amur (90.81) and local common carp (84.56), whereas hatching rate and spawn survival were significantly higher in Amur (85.64 and 81.95) than local strain (74.54 and 72.3). In all the stages of growth, viz. spawn, fry and fingerling, Amur carp grew faster than local common carp. Survival rate was similar in both the strains. Amur carp did not reach fully maturity within five months of rearing, whereas 30% of local common carp was in the mature stage under the same conditions. For both sexes, the GSI was higher for local common carp than the Amur carp. The length-weight relationship indicated that Amur carp followed isometric growth at fingerling stage. The b value was higher in Amur carp (b=3.005), which confirmed that it attained weight faster than length than the local common carp, which had b value of 2.985. Relative condition factor (Kn) was higher in local common carp than that of Amur strain. Throughout the study period, Kn was above 1.0 in both the groups which indicated the good condition of fish in the rearing systems.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE OF MARVOOR VENTED DAM ON HYDROBIOLOGY OF GURUPUR RIVER AND ESTUARY, MANGALORE
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018) CHANNESH G. V; GANGADHARA GOWDA)
    Anthropogenic effects and processes influences physico-chemical characteristics of aquatic environments and biodiversity. Continuous influx of raw sewages and discharge of effluents into Gurupur river water systems lead to impair the water quality and biodiversity in the Marvoor vented dam and hydrobiology Gurpur River and estuary, Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka. The present investigation was carried out for twelve months in selected stations (S1 to S7) S1, S2 & S3 in the Vented dam fresh water zone and S4, S5, S6 & S7 in brackish water zone. Study revealed that the anthropogenic activities have made impacts on water quality (Temperature pH, DO, BOD and nutrients especially Ammonia –Nitrogen; sediment (Temperature, pH, Organic matter and texture); plankton (Phytoplankton and Zooplankton); benthos and fishes. Among the water quality parameters water temperature, DO, BOD, salinity, pH and nutrients showed wide range of fluctuations in the both fresh water and estuarine water zones, due to discharge of domestic raw sewage and industrial effluents and habitat destruction due to sand excavation. Presence of dominance of species phytoplankton belong to Chlorophyceae and Chrysophyceae and zooplankton dominated by copepods followed by rotifers indicated the eutrophic environment. Further, microbiological analysis showed that water is contaminated by total and faecal coliforms. Hence, the water is not safe for human consumption. Physio-chemical parameters of water and sediment have altered the occurrence, abundance and distribution of plankton, macro benthos and fish fauna. Results indicated that entry of untreated sewage and industrial wastes have to be treated and before released into the Gurupur river estuary. The water in the vented dam is unsafe hence, water should be treated before supplied to local population in the region. The Gurupur river ecosystem should be properly managed and conserved for future needs
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TROPHIC INTERACTION IN COMMERCIALLY EXPLOITED DEMERSAL FINFISHES WITH EMPHASIS ON ONTOGENIC DIET SHIFTS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018) BHAVANJALI M.R; MRIDULA RAJESH
    Trophic interactions in seven commercially exploited marine demersal finfishes of Karnataka were studied to understand the trophic organization with an emphasis on ontogenic diet shifts and trophic overlap. In total, 4723 stomachs were examined of which 73 prey items were identified. Crustaceans and fishes formed the major prey item. Based on cluster analysis of predator feeding similarities and ontogenic diet shift within each predator, two major trophic guilds were identified. The first guild of ‘crustacean feeders’ included all size groups of Nemipterus japonicus, N. randalli, O. cuvieri and Priacanthus hamrur. The second trophic guild, ‘piscivores’, was mainly made up of larger size groups of all predators and all size groups of Saurida tumbil and S. undosquamis. The mean diet breadth and mean trophic level showed a strong correlation with ontogenic diet shift. TROPH values ranged from 3.4-4.6 for species indicating carnivorous diet pattern of the species. All the species were carnivores and the extent of carnivory increased with ontogeny. It is clear from the present study that most of the species when they were young preferred crustaceans, other invertebrates and smaller fishes but the preference changed for teleosts and other carnivores as they grew in size and age. A seasonal variation in the diet pattern observed was due to variations in prey abundance. Trophic network analysis showed maximum prey in Trophic level III and any alterations due to ecological or anthropogenic activities affecting the prey would result in alterations in community dynamics of the predators.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PLASTIC POLLUTION AND IT’S IMPACT ON BIOLOGY OF COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FISHES OFF MANGALURU COAST
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) YASHWINI, Y. MUTTA; S.R.SOMSHEKAR
    The issue of plastic pollution in the marine environment has already created a menace across all the coastal areas of the world. Monitoring is crucial to assess the efficacy of measures implemented to reduce the abundance of plastic debris. Sources of plastic marine debris found on the selected 3 stations along the Mangaluru coast were estimated. Samples were collected from 5 quadrats of 2 × 2 m for each station from January 2019 to July 2019. The total number of plastic debris varied between months and between stations with 70-224 nos. This has lead to a much larger concern regrading the presence of microplastics (MPs) (plastic debris <5mm) and its ingestion by the marine fauna. This study focuses, for the first time, on the presence of microplastics in stomach contents of 8 commerically important fishes along the Mangaluru coast, India. A total of 240 fishes were examined out of which 46 (19.16%) guts had microplastics in them. Microplastics found were of two types, fragments and fibres. The total number of microplastic found were 54, out which 87% (47) were fibres and 13% (7) were fragment, their size ranged between 0.1mm – 3.7mm. The presence of secondary microplastics in the fish has shown that the microplastic pollution of the area is mainly due to the coastal plastic pollution. These results are very important to crub plastic and microplastic pollution around the coastline, and public awareness of the harmful effects of these microplastics is needed
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    UTILISATION OF GROUPER PROCESSING WASTE FOR THE RECOVERY OF PROTEINS AND FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ISOLATE HYDROLYSATES
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) UZAIR SHAFIQ; C.V.RAJU
    The recovery of proteins from fish processing waste for human consumption is useful for better utilization of available resources. Proteins from grouper (Epinephelus diacanthus) fillet frames were recovered using isoelectric solubilization method. Effect of process variables like pH, time, weight of homogenate to solvent volume ratio and centrifugation speed on recoveries were studied. pH, weight of homogenate to solvent volume ratio and centrifugation speed were found to have significant effect (p < 0.05) on protein recoveries. The optimized conditions for extraction found were- pH-11.0 for alkali aided process and pH 3.0 for acid aided processes. Extraction time–120min, weight of homogenate to solvent volume ratio-1:6 and centrifugation speed–10000 rpm. During isoelectric solubilisation, lipids, myoglobin and pigment contents were reduced by 82.69, 93.91, 79.59% respectively in alkali aided isolate while in acid aided isolate the reduction percentage was 82.04, 90.77, 70.79% for lipid, myoglobin and total pigment respectively. The colour of the isolates also increased significantly (p< 0.05) as compared to raw material. Hydrolysates were prepared from the recovered protein isolates by using two enzymes – alcalase and papain. Hydrolysis conditions like E/S ratio, pH, hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time were optimized for both enzymes. The degree of hydrolysis was more in hydrolysates prepared by using alcalase than papain. Significant difference (p< 0.05) was found in DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power assay in mince and protein isolate hydrolysates. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in EAI, ESI, FC and FS of the hydrolysates prepared by using alcalase and papain.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “EVALUATION OF BIOFILM OF AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA FOR ORAL VACCINATION OF AMUR COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO HAEMATOPTERUS)”
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) SOWNDARYA, N. S.,; K.S.RAMESH
    Biofilm of Aeromonas hydrophila oral vaccination was used to evaluate the effect on growth, antibody titre, hematological, immunological responses and disease resistance to A. hydrophila in Amur common carp fingerlings. 60 days trial with Biofilm, free cell and control diet in triplicates was conducted vaccinated for a period of 20 days (fed with vaccinated feed) and remaining 40 days were fed with control diet. Results indicated that SGR, mean weight gain, ADG, PER was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and FCR was best in the biofilm vaccinated group of fish as compared to that of free cell vaccine and control. No mortality was observed during the experimental period. Biofilm vaccine had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the hematological, antibody response, immunological and serum biochemical indices. RBC, WBC, thrombocytes, hemoglobin and PCV was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the biofilm vaccinated groups, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in MCV, MCH and MCHC between the control, free cell and biofilm vaccine. Biofilm vaccinated fish had a higher (p < 0.05) antibody response than other groups. Super oxide anion production, lysozyme activity and serum protein was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the biofilm vaccinated group but serum glucose and cholesterol was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the biofilm vaccinated group. Biofilm vaccinated group of fish showed higher RPS (87%) than free cell vaccinated group of fish (40%).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS FROM THE SKIN MUCUS OF ROHU (LABEO ROHITA
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) SHIVANI, D. GOWDA; K.S.RAMESH
    Teleost mucosal immunity has become the discipline of unrivalled research studies in recent years because of its diversity and defining characteristics. Skin mucus is increasingly used as a source for determining immunity-related proteins and enzymes. The aim of the present study is to understand the mucosal immunity of commercially important freshwater fish, rohu (Labeo rohita) by evaluating the immune components from its skin mucus. The study was conducted between healthy and parasite (Argulus) infested fish. Also, stress challenge was achieved with two experiments, acute crowding for 0, 2, 24 and 48 hrs; and hypoxia exposure for 0, 1 and 3 min. The IgM levels exhibited significant difference (p<0.05) between healthy and infested skin mucus as well as in case of all the experimental groups under stress challenge. SDS-PAGE, under denaturing condition gave several prominent bands of protein for healthy and infested skin mucus, wherein bands of infested sample were highly expressed comparatively; in case of stress challenge, all the experimental groups displayed protein bands. A strong antibacterial activity was observed by inhibiting the growth of tested fish pathogenic bacteria with the formation of inhibition zone. The skin mucosal lysozyme activity evidenced high significant difference (p<0.05) between healthy and infested samples. Parallel findings were observed under stress challenge for different experimental groups of acute crowding and hypoxia exposure. These results provide preliminary information for a better understanding of the role of epidermal mucus and its components in the fish innate immune system.