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ThesisItem Open Access OTOSCOPIC STUDIES IN OTITIS, ITS DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2016-07) ADAM KHAN, H.; M. C. ANIL KUMARThe present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of otitis in dogs with respect to age, breed, gender, ear conformation and ear type. The cases with history and clinical signs of otitis were further evaluated for cultural examination, in vitro antibiotic susceptibility, video otoscopy and to determine the in-vivo efficacy of drug therapy for treatment of infection. Out of the 15766 dogs presented during the period of 6 months of investigation, 840 dogs were diagnosed to be affected with otitis giving a overall prevalence rate of 5.32 % and higher occurrence of otitis was recorded in dogs in the age group of 1-4 years (42.85 %) , German shepherds was the most affected (28.57%), occurrence of otitis was higher in male dogs (64 %) as compared to female dogs (36%), Dogs with erect ears (50%) were highly prone for otitis and majority of the dogs had unilateral otitis infection (67.85 %) as compared to bilateral infection (32.15 %). Video otoscopic examination revealed that in all the dogs with otitis ulceration of the ear canal was observed. Bacterial isolation from ear samples collected from clinical cases of otitis revealed presence of gram positive, negative bacterial and fungal isolates. In vitro Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that all the isolates showed maximum sensitivity to cefadroxil followed by Ofloxacin, Cefalexin and Enrofloxacin. On therapeutic trial, cefadroxil, Chlorhexidine gluconate and Ofloxacin combination had maximum recovery so it can be concluded that, these combination therapy is effective in otitis therapy.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPE A NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILERS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2016-07) NITEESH KUMAR; Dr. P.T. RAMESHThe present study was undertaken to determine the diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens type A in necrotic enteritis outbreaks in broilers. Necrotic enteritis in broilers was diagnosed based on clinical signs, necropsy lesions, culture examination and polymerase chain reaction. A total of 8 flocks with necrotic enteritis were selected and per flock 6 samples from diseased birds and 6 samples from healthy birds were taken. The intestinal contents or faecal sample was subjected for isolation and identification of the bacteria using cooked meat medium and perfringens agar. Fifty Clostridium perfringens isolates were obtained from 96 samples from diseased and healthy broiler birds. Out of 48 isolates, 37 (75 %) isolates were from diseased broiler chicken and from 48 isolates, 13 (25%) isolates were from healthy broiler chicken. These isolates of Clostridium perfringens were subjected to PCR and all the isolates produced the amplification for alpha toxin gene and typed as Clostridium perfringens type A. The morbidity and mortality rates varied between flocks, average morbidity rate was 25.9 per cent and mortality rate was 6.9 per cent. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out using disc diffusion method on all isolates. Doxycycline showed maximum sensitivity followed by ceftriaxone, lincomycin and virginiamycin. It is concluded that, isolation of Clostridium perfringens was more in diseased birds than healthy birds and toxinotyping of isolates by PCR technique is sensitive and rapid.ThesisItem Open Access OTOSCOPIC STUDIES IN OTITIS, ITS DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2016-07) ADAM KHAN, H; Dr. M. C. ANIL KUMARThe present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of otitis in dogs with respect to age, breed, gender, ear conformation and ear type. The cases with history and clinical signs of otitis were further evaluated for cultural examination, in vitro antibiotic susceptibility, video otoscopy and to determine the in-vivo efficacy of drug therapy for treatment of infection. Out of the 15766 dogs presented during the period of 6 months of investigation, 840 dogs were diagnosed to be affected with otitis giving a overall prevalence rate of 5.32 % and higher occurrence of otitis was recorded in dogs in the age group of 1-4 years (42.85 %) , German shepherds was the most affected (28.57%), occurrence of otitis was higher in male dogs (64 %) as compared to female dogs (36%), Dogs with erect ears (50%) were highly prone for otitis and majority of the dogs had unilateral otitis infection (67.85 %) as compared to bilateral infection (32.15 %). Video otoscopic examination revealed that in all the dogs with otitis ulceration of the ear canal was observed. Bacterial isolation from ear samples collected from clinical cases of otitis revealed presence of gram positive, negative bacterial and fungal isolates. In vitro Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that all the isolates showed maximum sensitivity to cefadroxil followed by Ofloxacin, Cefalexin and Enrofloxacin. On therapeutic trial, cefadroxil, Chlorhexidine gluconate and Ofloxacin combination had maximum recovery so it can be concluded that, these combination therapy is effective in otitis therapy.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON LOCAL GOATS IN MANDYA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2016-05) SIDDALINGA MURTHY, H. K.; (M.R. JAYASHANKAR; K. ANIL KUMAR); C.S. NAGARAJA; H.N. NARASIMAHA MURTHY; K. SATHYANARAYAN; R. BHASKARANA study was undertaken on local goats in Mandya district of Karnataka for various morphological characters, production and reproduction parameters, heritability of body weight at different ages and to develop prediction equations for adult body weight. Characteristic features of the goats were predominantly black colour of coat, eyelid, muzzle and hooves, leafy structured and pendulous ears, straight forehead, absence of beard and wattles and medium sized tail. Among horned goats 76.20 per cent had straight horns with upward backward orientation. Overall least squares means for body weight at three, six, nine, twelve month and adult goats were 9.41±0.12, 15.44±0.09, 19.46±0.09, 21.87±0.09 and 27.20±0.05 kg, respectively. Males were significantly (P≤0.01) heavier than females in all age groups. Single born kids were heavier than twin and triplet born kids. Effects of sex, type of birth and location/ centre on all body measurements were significant. Overall mean age at first conception, age at first kidding, kidding interval and service period in Mandya local goats were 398.94±3.31, 550.07±3.31, 276.00±2.17 and 125.47±0.93 days, respectively, and were significantly affected by year, season and type of birth. Heritability estimates of body weight were 0.36±0.03, 0.29±0.02, 0.27±0.04 and 0.24±0.02 at three, six, nine and twelve months, respectively. Body weight was positively and highly significantly correlated with all the four body measurements viz., height at withers (0.80), body length (0.96), chest girth (0.94) and paunch girth (0.94). Multiple regression analysis indicated that Height at Withers (X1) in combination with Body Length (X2) and Chest Girth (X3) would significantly improve accuracy of predictions.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROBIOTIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN THE PREPARATION OF DAHI(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2016-09) MADHUSUDAN, N. M.; MANJUNATHA, H.; R. PRABHA; LALITH ACHOTH; KEMPANNA, C,); ARUN KUMAR, H.Dahi is an indigenous fermented milk product, prepared using lactic culture. The present study contributed to preparation of dahi by using probiotic lactic isolates with antibiotic resistant property. The dahi samples of 24 numbers were collected from the different BBMP zones of Bengaluru. The samples showed the presence of lactococci, streptococci leuconsotoc and lactobacilli ranging from 4.89 to 5.98 log10 cfu/g. Among 82 lactic isolates, 43 isolates showed better activity in milk, acidity and DMC. The maximum acid and bile tolerated isolates 14 numbers were phenol and genotypically identified as L.lactis ssp. lactis (1) and L.lactis ssp. lactis bv diacetylactis (1), among the 3 lactobacilli isolates L.plantarum (1), L.fermnetum (1) and L.helviticus (1) in case of leuconostocs isolates as L. mesentroides ssp. mesentroides (2) and all the streptococci as S.thermophilus (5). Out of the genotypically confirmed 12 isolates, only 5 isolates showed resistance to antibiotics, such as pencillin, vancomycin, tetracyclin, gentamycin and steptomycin. For commercial requirements the cultures functional properties such as diacetyl, EPS, early set time, acidity and DMC were also determined. The isolates Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis bv diacetylactis LL10; Streptococcus thermophilus ST14; Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides LE4 and Lactobacillus plantarum LB2 fulfill all these requirements. Probiotic dahi prepared using heat treated whole milk with 0.75%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% inoculum. The dahi with 1% inoculum scored more with overall acceptability. The probiotic dahi showed 3 days of shelflife at ambient temperature (24+1°C) and upto 7 days at refrigeration temperature (7+1°C) with probiotic count of 6.48 and 6.50 log10cfu/g.ThesisItem Open Access PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF OCHRATOXICOSIS AND ITS AMELIORATION USING DIATOMACEOUS EARTH AND VITAMIN E IN BROILER CHICKENS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2016-05) DHEERENDRA NAIK; M. L. SATYANARAYANA; G. V. SUDHAKAR RAO; H. D. NARAYANASWAMY; SUGUNA RAO; S. YATHIRAJ; S. G. RAMACHANDRAThe study was conducted to evaluate the pathological and immunosuppressive effect of ochratoxin (OA) in broiler chicken and its amelioration using diatomaceous earth (DAE). Experimental ochratoxicosis was induced in broilers with 1 ppm and the ameliorating effects of DAE @ 2000mg/kg feed and Vitamin E 80ml/kg of feed was studied for 35 days. Feeding of ochratoxin caused significant reduction in the body weight gain and feed efficiency. Supplementation of DAE and Vitamin E showed improvement in performance parameters. Ochratoxicosis showed significant increase in relative weights of liver, kidneys and spleen whereas, the weights of bursa of Fabricius and thymus was reduced. Significant improvement in the organ weight was observed in DAE Vitamin E and their combinations supplemented birds. The serum levels of total protein and albumin were significantly lowered whereas, creatinine, AST, ALT and ALP were higher in toxin fed birds. The HI titres against NDV and antibodies against IBD, DAE and Vitamin E supplementation showed improvement in HI titre, against ND and antibodies against IBDV. Microscopic lesions, characteristic to ochratoxicosis were prominent in kidneys, liver and lymphoid organs. Supplementation of DAE and Vitamin E reduced the severity of lesions in these organs. Dietary inclusion of ochratoxin caused hepato-renal and immunotoxicity in birds. However, supplementation with DAE and Vitamin E was helpful in ameliorating the adverse effects of ochratoxicosis in broilers.ThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MTNR-1A GENE POLYMORPHISM BETWEEN MANDYA AND NARI-SUWARNA SHEEP(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2016) VIBHA, C. RIn India, the livestock sector plays an important role in day-to-day sustenance of rural population and contributes a major share towards agricultural economy.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER FRIENDLY REFRIGERATED FISH VENDING AND DISPLAY UNIT USING SOLARENERGY TO ENHANCE THE KEEPING QUALITY OF FISH(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2016) GAYATRI PANDEY, B.F.ScFish is a highly proteinous food consumed by a larger percentage of population because of its availability and palatability (Foran et al., 2005).ThesisItem Open Access SEROSURVEILLANCE OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS (PPR) IN SHEEP AND GOATS(Karnataka Veterinary Animal And Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2016) YATHEESH CHANDRAThe animal husbandry sector has made remarkable progress in the past few decades
