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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2005 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL IN BULLOCKS- ITS MANAGEMENT
    (KVAFSU, Bidar, 2005-06-01) MANJUNATH PATIL; B.V. SHIVAPRAKASH
    STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL, ITS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT IN BULLOCKS Manjunath Patil August-2005 Dr. B. V. Shivaprakash Major Advisor ABSTRACT Prevalence of yoke gall was studied under three different situations i.e., among clinical cases, among animals disposed for sale and slaughter. Classification and evaluation of eight different treatments was made in 57 clinical cases of yoke gall. Prevalence of yoke gall was studied in nine different locations of Karnataka State among clinical cases presented for five retrospective years from 2000 to 2004. Out of 2,61,882 total cases, 70,896 were suffering from different surgical disorders. Out of these, 2,081 cases had yoke gall with an overall prevalence of 0.79%; and prevalence among surgical cases was 2.94%. Out of 2,225 cattle and buffaloes disposed for sale, 38 bullocks were affected with yoke gall showing the prevalence of 1.71%. Out of 1,148 animals disposed for slaughter at Bangalore slaughter house and Chitaguppa slaughter house, 33 bullocks were found affected with yoke gall showing the prevalence of 2.98%. The prevalence of acute yoke gall was maximum (40.13%) in clinical situation; subacute yoke gall was maximum (52.63%) among the animals disposed for sale; and the chronic was maximum (53.06%) among the animals disposed for slaughter. The prevalence was maximum in rainy season (46.23%) followed by winter (31.43%). The prevalence was maximum in the bullocks of 6 to 8 years of age (48.42%). The prevalence was maximum in males (88.42%). Based on clinical and hisptopathological features a standard list of classification was given to yoke gall. Haematobiochemical and histological features of each type were documented. Fifty seven bullocks were divided into eight groups for the evaluation of treatment. In group I, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of Khand ointment (turmeric and lime juice) were given. There was no reduction in swelling of acute and subacute yoke gall during the first 15 days and only 25% reduction was seen after 30 days. In group II, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of Khand ointment and dimethyl sulfoxide liquid were used. Initially no response and after one month only 25% reduction was seen in these bullocks. In group III, only topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide was employed. Response was negligible during initial 15 days and slight reduction (25%) was seen after 30 days in bullocks with acute and subacute yoke gall. In group IV, intravenous dimethyl sulfoxie @ 1.0 g/kg b.wt. resulted in 50% of reduction of acute yoke gall on third day, 75% reduction on seventh day, 90% reduction on 15 th day and complete reduction on 30 th day. In group V, dexamethasone injection was given directly into the swelling. The acute yoke gall showed 50% reduction in swelling on third day, 75% on seventh day and almost complete reduction on 30 th day. In group VI, herbal treatment using paste of root of Triumfetta rotundifolia and leaves of Dregia volubilis were applied. The acute yoke galls showed 25% reduction on third day, 50% reduction on seventh day and complete absorption of fluid by 30 th day. The response was partial for subacute yoke gall and nil for chronic fibrosed yoke gall in groups IV, V & VI. In group VII, surgical drainage of acute yoke galls by stab incision resulted in immediate reduction but required second incision due to reaccumulation. In group VIII, surgical excision was followed in nine bullocks with chronic yoke galls which resulted in 100% improvement. There was no change in haematological values before and after treatment. There was slight increase in SGPT level and marked increase in LDH levels before and 30 days after treatment in all the groups.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL, ITS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT IN BULLOCKS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2005-08) MANJUNATH S.M.; B. V. SHIVPRAKASH; S. M. USTURGE; DILIP KUMAR; MOHD. AMANULLAH; PRAKASH NADOOR
    Yoke gall refers to inflammatory swelling of skin and subcutaneous tissue on the dorsal aspect of the neck in draught animals. This condition results due to continuous friction of yoke placed on the neck of the animal while pulling the bullock cart or ploughing implements. In spite of mechanization, large section of Indian agriculture depends on bullocks for land cultivation and transport of farm materials. Though the experts say that the ‘draft power’ of bullocks is not properly exploited in India and the average working days of animals is limited to few months in a year, in reality, they are extensively used at a stretch without rest for few days during monsoon. This leads to work induced surgical disorders such as sprain, arthritis and yoke gall. Yoke gall is one of the common surgical affections in bullocks. According to Prof. N. Ramaswamy, former chairman of Animal Welfare Board of India and Present Director, CARTMAN, one million cattle are slaughtered every year due to yoke gall condition. However, yoke gall is not such a disease that cannot be cured. Because it is a work induced disease and can recur if animal is repeatedly used, the farmers tend to sell their bullocks to others or for slaughter purpose instead of providing a prolonged treatment during their busy time of ploughing or harvesting. Another reason for disposal of large number of animals is absence of effective and well informed network of animal health care in remote villages. Also there is no single effective treatment for all types of yoke gall. It is a general
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL, ITS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT IN BULLOCKS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2005-08) MANJUNATH S.M.; B. V. SHIVPRAKASH; S. M. USTURGE; DILIP KUMAR; MOHD. AMANULLAH; PRAKASH NADOOR
    Yoke gall refers to inflammatory swelling of skin and subcutaneous tissue on the dorsal aspect of the neck in draught animals. This condition results due to continuous friction of yoke placed on the neck of the animal while pulling the bullock cart or ploughing implements. In spite of mechanization, large section of Indian agriculture depends on bullocks for land cultivation and transport of farm materials. Though the experts say that the ‘draft power’ of bullocks is not properly exploited in India and the average working days of animals is limited to few months in a year, in reality, they are extensively used at a stretch without rest for few days during monsoon. This leads to work induced surgical disorders such as sprain, arthritis and yoke gall. Yoke gall is one of the common surgical affections in bullocks. According to Prof. N. Ramaswamy, former chairman of Animal Welfare Board of India and Present Director, CARTMAN, one million cattle are slaughtered every year due to yoke gall condition. However, yoke gall is not such a disease that cannot be cured. Because it is a work induced disease and can recur if animal is repeatedly used, the farmers tend to sell their bullocks to others or for slaughter purpose instead of providing a prolonged treatment during their busy time of ploughing or harvesting. Another reason for disposal of large number of animals is absence of effective and well informed network of animal health care in remote villages. Also there is no single effective treatment for all types of yoke gall. It is a general practice observed in field that iodine ointments or anti-inflammatory injections (non steroidal and steroid) are given to treat all types of yoke gall. A hard ‘chronic tumor’ type of yoke gall or an ulcerative-chronic type of yoke gall will not respond to above mentioned treatments. Farmers generally get frustrated if quick remedy is not provided to their problems as daily presentation of animals for treatment and money spent do not yield proper solution.