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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × Author: SHAMANTH RAKKITH R.N. × Start date: 2020 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPECIES / SUBSPECIES AT DIFFERENT ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNITS OF ANIMAL INTERFACE
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SHAMANTH RAKKITH R.N.; MADHAVAPRASAD C. B.
    Salmonella non-enterica subspecies are commonly found in cold-blooded animals, rarely in warm-blooded animals. Therefore, the current study with the aim to detect Salmonella enterica and non-enterica subspecies in different ecoepidemiological units of animal interface was undertaken. Out of six ecoepidemiological units, the highest prevalence of Salmonella species and subspecies was present in Bhadravathi (unit 5), followed by Kodamaggi (unit 2), Abbalgere (unit 6), LFC-VCS (unit 1), Anupinakatte (unit 4) and Massur (unit 3) with prevalence of 7.27 %, 4.44 %, 4.44 %, 2.85 %, 2.22 %, and 2 %, respectively. The overall prevalence of Salmonella enterica and Salmonella subspecies non-enterica was found to be 2.9 % (n=9) and 0.96 % (n=3), respectively. Salmonella genus was confirmed by targeting invA gene, while Salmonella species and subspecies by targeting gatD, stn, STM4057, fljB, and mdcA genes. Out of 9 Salmonella enterica isolates, 6 were confirmed as Salmonella Typhimurium by targeting typh gene. Dendrogram produced nine clusters (C1-C9) and with Simpson’s genetic diversity index of 0.9974. Varying resistance was observed for ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, doxycycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline, while all the isolates showed 100 % resistance to penicillin-G among overall Salmonella species and among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, ampicillin and penicillin-G showed MAR >0.2. Out of 6 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, five were confirmed as ESBL producers by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. At 24-hours, none of the isolates formed biofilm, while most isolates were moderate biofilm producers at 48 and 72 hours. Key words: Salmonella enterica, invA gene, MAR, ESBL.