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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PREVALENCE OF CATTLE MORTALITIES IN SOUTHERN TRANSITION AND HILLY ZONES OF KARNATAKA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PATHOLOGY OF MIMOSA INVISA TOXICITY(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) SUNIL KUMAR B. S.; Kavitha Rani B.Studies on prevalence of cattle mortalities in Southern Transition and Hilly Zones of Karnataka with special reference to pathology of Mimosa invisa toxicity was conducted for a period of two years (2018-19 and 2019-20), at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Shivamogga. Incidence of non-infectious cattle mortalities were more than infectious causes, and bacterial, systemic / metabolic, plant poisoning causes of cattle mortalities were more in both STZ and HZ. Average age of death was 5-6 years and incidence in females were more in both STZ and HZ. In both zones, cattle mortalities due to infectious and systemic/metabolic causes were more during rainy season. Plant poisoning cases in STZ were more during winter and in rainy season in HZ. Pathomorphological studies on natural cases of Mimosa invisa in cattle revealed interstitial nephritis, focal glomerulonephritis, diffuse renal tubular necrosis, portal hypertension and sinusoidal congestion, hepatic vacuolar degeneration, cholangitis, multifocal interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, alveolar haemorrhages, pericardial and myocardial haemorrhages, focal pericarditis and myocarditis, and splenic hemosiderosis. Phytochemicals such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds identified from Mimosa invisa were recovered from field condition. Serum biochemistry revealed elevated BUN, CRT, SGOT and proteinuria respectively. In the present study, the rate of morbidity, mortality and case fatality were 70 ± 12.28, 46.67 ± 3.34, 76.66 ±14.57 respectively. It may be inferred that Mimosa invisa induces toxaemic condition with haemorrhagic manifestation in cattle. Keywords: Southern Transition Zone, Hilly Zone, Karnataka, Mimosa invisa, Pathomorphology, Cattle mortality, Plant poisoningThesisItem Open Access SATHISH SANGMESHWAR(KVAFSU,BIDAR, 2019) SATHISH SANGMESHWARDisorders of lymphoid organs are often common in sheep and are not detected easily until related clinical signs are observed. These are important in understanding the disease process but are generally neglected during routine post mortem examination. Thus examination of lymphoid organs at necropsy/slaughter is the only way to understand pathology behind disorders of lymphoid organs. The present study was therefore aimed at documenting various pathological conditions affecting the lymphoid organs of sheep. A total of 110 sheep carcasses were examined, lymph node lesions were recorded in all cases where splenic lesions in 76 (69.09 %) cases. Prominent clinical signs observed were related to different systems such as digestive, respiratory and urogenital. Lymph nodes pertaining to respective systems along with spleen were examined in all cases. Based on gross and histopathological changes, the lymph node lesions were classified as congestion in 56 (50.09 %) cases, oedema in 15 (13.63 %) cases, reactive hyperplasia in 27 (24.54 %) cases, lymphoid depletion in five (4.54 %), liquefaction in seven (6.36 %) cases caseation in five (4.54 %) cases, chronic lymphadenitis in nine (8.18 %) cases, discrete eosinophilic accumulation in eight (7.27 %) cases, hemosiderosis in five (4.54 %) cases, necrotic debris accumulation and anthracosis in four (3.63 %) cases. Likewise splenic lesions were classified as congestion in 32 (29.09 %) cases, oedema in 20 (18.18 %) cases, haemorrhages in 11 (10.00 %) cases, hyperplasia in eight (7.27 %) cases, hemosiderosis in seven (6.36 %) and amyloidosis in four (3.364 %) cases. Thus the findings of the present study concluded that disorders of lymphoid organs are important with respect to sheep health and proper attention is needed to mitigate the losses due to the disorders of lymphoid organs and associated mortality by taking proper managemental care.ThesisItem Open Access PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON HEPATIC AND RENAL DISORDERS IN SHEEP(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) KIRAN, H. J.; JAYARAMU G. M.A total of 110 sheep mortalities were necropsied and only those organs showing abnormalities were noted, which included 105 liver, 102 kidney, 17 hepatic and 13 pre-renal lymph nodes. The most frequent lesions observed were congestion (73.33%) followed by cell swelling (23.81%), haemorrhage (21.90%), hydropic degeneration (18.09%), coagulative necrosis (18.09%), acute focal hepatitis (14.28%), fatty change (8.57%), biliary hyperplasia (6.67%), acute multifocal hepatitis (5.71%), chronic hepatitis (3.81%), thrombosis (0.95%) and hepatic abscess (0.95%) in liver in that order. Whereas, in kidneys, the most common lesions comprised congestion (67.65%), cell swelling (29.41%), coagulative necrosis (19.61%), haemorrhages (18.63%), hydropic degeneration (16.67%), focal interstitial nephritis (4.90%), multifocal interstitial nephritis (2.94%), glomerulonephritis (1.96%), hyaline degeneration (1.96%), fatty changes (0.98%), diffuse interstitial nephritis (0.98%), abscess (0.98%) and polycystic kidney (0.98%). In hepatic and pre-renal lymph nodes, incidence of pathological changes were 15.45 and 11.81 per cent. Among the affected nodes, frequent lesions were congestion followed by oedema, reactive hyperplasia, necrotic debris and discrete eosinophilic accumulations, and lymphoid depletion. Predominant lesions observed in Enterotoxaemia were congestion, followed by coagulative necrosis and acute hepatitis in liver. In kidney, congestion, necrosis and interstitial nephritis were observed. The hepatic and pre-renal lymph node lesions were congestion, lymphoid depletion and oedema. Similarly, in Mimosa diplotricha plant toxicity, haemorrhages, degenerative and necrotic changes in liver were seen, whereas in kidneys haemorrhages, hyaline degeneration and coagulative necrosis were observed. In both these cases, the associated lymph node lesions were congestion, necrotic debris accumulation and oedema in that order.ThesisItem Open Access PATHOLOGY OF PNEUMOENTERIC INFECTIONS OF POULTRY IN AND AROUND BIDAR(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401, 2005-09-01) MANJUNATHA S. S.; D.T.NAIKThe present investigation was taken up to study the prevalence of pneumoenteric infections of poultry in and around Bidar. The study was designed to find out the probable disease conditions causing pneumoenteric lesions, based on gross and histopathological findings. During the present study, a total of 500 samples comprising of trachea, lungs and intestines were examined for the presence of either pneumonic or enteric lesions. A systematic screening of these samples revealed various pathological changes on gross and histopathological examinations. The results indicated 45.8 per cent pneumonic infections and 33.8 per cent enteric infections in the present study. The proportional disease specific prevalence of various pneumonic conditions of poultry in the present study revealed higher prevalence rate of pneumonia due to bacterial agents (46.29%), followed by miscellaneous agents (27.95%) and viral agents (25.76%). The proportional disease specific prevalence of various enteric infections of poultry in the present study indicated higher prevalence of parasitic enteritis (48.52%) when compared to bacterial (35.5%) and viral enteritis (15.98%).ThesisItem Open Access PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON SPONTANEOUS GOAT POX DISEASE IN KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-06) CHANDAN D S; SUGUNA RAOThe present study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of goat pox in Karnataka, India. A total of 177 scab and skin biopsy samples were collected from eight field outbreaks of goat pox from different parts of Karnataka and four cases from the abattoir. PCR for P32 gene of goat pox was carried out on scab/ skin biopsy samples to confirm the disease. In the goat pox field cases, clinical signs, hemato-biochemical alterations, gross pathology, histopathology, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out and an attempt was made to study the involvement of internal organs and systemic spread of infection in goat pox by PCR for various visceral organs. The occurrence of goat pox by PCR in goats in field outbreaks was 36.16% and 1-2 years aged goats were affected most. Females were more affected than males. Clinical signs observed in goats with pox were pyrexia, coughing and painful pock lesions on the body leading to debilitation. A significant increase in the TLC values and a significant decrease in the TEC, Hb and HCT were observed in affected goats. There was no significant change in any of the biochemical parameters. Grossly, goat pox lesions were observed on the muzzle, lips, nostrils, cheek, eyelids, ears, head and neck. The lesions were also found on the inner aspect of thigh, tail base, perineum, vulval lips, udder, teats, inguinal region and scrotum and included papule, vesicle, nodule, scabs and ulcers. Microscopically the scabs showed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis and degeneration of epithelial cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions. Gross changes were mild in visceral organs except lungs with presence of multiple nodular pock lesions surrounded by thick fibrous connective tissue. Microscopically, hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes and bronchiolar epithelium and presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions were characteristic in lungs. The PCR for P32 gene showed positivity in lungs, liver, kidney, intestine, heart along with scab and biopsy samples indicating systemic spread of the virus. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of goat pox and homology with other goat pox virus isolates from other outbreaks.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON COMBINED EFFICACY OF Gymnema sylvestre AND Eugenia jambolana(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY., 2020-02) NAGABHUSHAN, C; Dr. SUGUNA RAOThe present study was taken up to evaluate the combined antidiabetic effect of Gymnema sylvestre and Eugenia jambolana along with glibenclamide in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for a period of 45 days. The various groups in this study included normal control (Group I), diabetic control (Group II), diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (Group III), diabetic rats treated with a combination of Gymnema sylvestre and Eugenia jambolana at half dose (Group IV), diabetic rats treated with a combination of Gymnema sylvestre and Eugenia jambolana at full dose (Group V), diabetic rats treated with a combination of Gymnema sylvestre and Eugenia jambolana along with glibenclamide at half dose (Group VI) respectively. There was significant difference in physiological, biochemical and pathomorphological parameters of diabetic rats when compared to normal control rats. The alleviation of diabetic effects and its complications inducedThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF ANIMAL RABIES USING BRAIN TISSUES COLLECTED BY DIFFERENT APPROACHES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2020-08) MOHAMED GHOUSE, H; Dr. M. L. SATYANARAYANAA total of 51 brain Samples (cerebellum and brain stem) were collected from rabies suspected animals that were received for rabies diagnosis at Department of veterinary pathology, Veterinary college, Bangalore. Brain samples collected by foramen magnum approach using simple instruments viz., Artificial Insemination (AI) sheath and also collected from conventional skull open method. The LFA, DFA and dRIT tests were conducted and comparative evaluation of all three tests was done on samples collected from both the methods. Out of 51 samples tested, 41 were positive and 10 were negative for rabies by LFA, DFA and dRIT tests. There was 100 per cent correlation between the LFA, DFA andThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON COMBINED EFFICACY OF Gymnema sylvestre AND Momordica charantia EXTRACTS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2020-07) KAVYASHREE, T.L; Dr. M.L. SATYANARAYANAThe present study was conducted in diabetes induced rats with special emphasis on efficacy of combined herbal extracts. Gymnema sylvestre and Momordica charantia were used at the dose of 200 mg/kg b.w each (100per cent) and Gymnema sylvestre + Momordica charantia at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg b.w each (50per cent) and Glibenclamide at the dose rate of 300 µg/kg b.w (50per cent) were administered in combination and compared with an oral hypoglycaemic drug, Glibenclamide, for a period of 45 days. There was a significant difference in various parameters like body weight, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, ALT, AST, haemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, platelets count and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and CAT) in diabetic rats as compared to normal control rats. The partial alleviation of diabetic effects was observed in all combination of treatments in the present studyThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON EFFICACY OF COMBINED HERBAL EXTRACT(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FOISHERIE'S SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2020-07) RASHMI WALI; Dr. M.L. SATYANARAYANAThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of combined herbal extract along with glibenclamide in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for a period of 45 days. The various groups in this study included normal control (Group I), diabetic control (Group II), diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (Group III), diabetic rats treated with combined herbal extract (Group IV) and combination of combined herbal extract and glibenclamide (Group V). There was significant variation in biochemical and pathomorphological parameters (antioxidant assay and histopathology) in diabetic rats when compared to normal control rats. The alleviation of the diabetes and its complications induced by streptozotocin was obseved in all the treatment groups with variable degree of improvement. Combination of combined herbal extract and glibenclamide was effective in alleviating streptozotocin induced diabetes and was comparable with glibenclamide. Combination of combined herbal extract (50%) and glibenclamide (50%) showed better improvement compared to combined herbal extract alone but statistically no significant synergetic action was observed. However, synergistic effect was noticed in combination of combined herbal extract and glibenclamide. Key words: Diabetes, combined herbal extract, glibenclamide, streptozotocin
