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ThesisItem Restricted RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR CLOSURE OF CRITICAL ABDOMINAL SKIN DEFECTS IN DOGS(2021) VINILKUMAR R; TANUVAS; SANKAR P; UMARANI R; PRAKASHRUPAKARAN RThe present study was carried out on the clinical cases of tumours of abdominal skin and mammary gland brought to the small animal surgery outpatient unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal. A total of 24 animals aged between 6 and 14 years with selected tumours more than 5cm in size with or without involvement of regional lymph node and without distant metastasis were selected for the study. Detailed clinical, hematobiochemical, fine needle aspiration cytology of tumour and radiographic examinations were done pre-operatively. All the 24 animals were randomly divided into four groups. Group I animals were subjected for advancement skin flap without platelet rich plasma, while group II with platelet rich plasma, group III animals were subjected for rotational skin flap without platelet rich plasma while group IV animals with platelet rich plasma. Planimetry of tumour and flap was done using biological skin marker. Surgical excision of tumour mass was performed with clean histological margins. Flaps were created and apposed to sew the skin edges closer to minimize the skin tension using walking sutures. The critical skin defects were reconstructed using skin flap techniques and drains sheets were placed intra-operatively. Subjective evaluation of the skin flap was done on 3rd, 6th and 9th post-operative days based on colour, dermal bleeding test, pain sensation test, hair growth test and atropine absorption test. Histopathological evaluation of the skin flap was done on 7th, 14th and 21st post-operative days. Most common post-operative complications were hematoma, dehiscence, limb edema, subcutaneous emphysema, flap necrosis and seroma. The Mean ± SE values of healing of the flap in days in Groups I, II, III and IV were16.33 ± 0.49, 17.83 ± 1.42,17.66 ± 0.88 and 16 ± 0 respectively. All the animals recovered uneventfully with good cosmetic appearance.ThesisItem Restricted PUPIL EXPANSION DEVICE IN SMALL PUPIL CATARACT SURGERY IN DOGS(2021) YAMINI THAKUR; TANUVAS; SIVASHANKAR R; RAMANI C; SABIHA HAYATH BASHAA well-dilated pupil enhances the ease of cataract extraction, reduces time and decreases the likelihood of complications. Pharmacological treatment with Adrenaline is rapid and effective method to achieve sufficient pupil dilation but it may be ineffective in some cases. Pupil expansion device represent a more effective option for maintaining mydriasis as well as protecting the pupillary margins. The study was conducted on clinical cases with canine cataract presented to Small Animal Ophthalmology unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital. They were subjected to detailed clinical and ophthalmic examinations for diagnosis of cataract. After detailed ophthalmic examination and ocular imaging, the twelve canine cataract cases were divided into two groups viz., Group I and II. In Group I, pharmacological treatment (intracameral adrenaline) was used whereas in Group II, pupil expansion device (iris retractors) was used for achieving sufficient pupillary mydriasis. Under general anaesthesia, pupillary mydriasis was achieved with intracameral adrenaline prior to phacoemulsification procedure in Group I. In Group II, self-sealing stab incisions were made at 3, 6, 9, 12 O’ clock position and iris retractors were engaged to the pupillary margin. Iris retractors were typically used in sets of four to create a quadrangular pupil. Careful arrangement of the retractors optimized visualization and prevented the interference with surgical instruments and manoeuvres during phacoemulsificationThesisItem Restricted DECOMPRESSIVE PROCEDURES WITH POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL AND POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL WITH PLATELET RICH PLASMA FOR SPINAL INJURY IN DOGS(2021) MONIKAKRISH K; TANUVAS; JAYAKUMAR K; VIJAYAKUMAR M; BALACHANDRAN PThe clinical research was conducted on thoracolumbar spinal disorders in 12 dogs presented to the Small Animal Surgery Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamilnadu during the period from October 2019 to January 2021. Twelve dogs with clinical and radiological evidence of thoracolumbar spinal lesions were selected and divided randomly into two groups of six dogs each. Group I consisted of six animals which were subjected to decompressive procedure with intra-lesional engraftment of polyethylene glycol. Group II consisted of six animals which were subjected to decompressive procedure with intra-lesional engraftment of polyethylene glycol with platelet rich plasma. The percentage of thoracolumbar spinal disorders was found to be highest in Mongrel (57.38 per cent). The incidence of thoracolumbar spinal disorders was more at age group of 0-5 years (77.04 per cent) and also found most commonly in males (78.69 per cent). Among the thoracolumbar spinal disorders vertebral fracture (32.79 per cent) was found more than other spinal disorders. In group I and group II, 50 per cent of cases were presented with Upper Motor Neuron syndrome and remaining cases were presented with Lower Motor Neuron syndrome. In group I, two dogs were graded as 4 and four dogs were graded as 5 and all the dogs in group II were graded as 5. Diagnosis of Upper Motor Neuron bladder syndrome and Lower Motor Neuron bladder syndrome was based on neurological examination and localization of the spinal segment. The grading and evaluation procedure used in the present study were good prognostic indicators to assess the neurological status of the animal. Lateral and ventrodorsal plain radiographs provided good detail in evaluating the thoracolumbar vertebral lesions. Precise radiographic diagnosis was possible only in cases of fracture and spondylitis.ThesisItem Restricted CONTINUOUS RATE INFUSION OF LIGNOCAINE AS AN ADJUNCT TO GENERAL ANAESTHESIA FOR INTESTINAL SURGERY IN CATTLE(2021) SARANYA C; TANUVAS; KATHIRVEL S; SENTHILKUMAR S; JAGADEESWARAN AThe study was carried out at Large Animal Surgery unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. The research work was carried out from October 2019 to February 2021 excluding a period of 8 months from April 2020 to November 2020 due to Covid 19 holidays. Animals of both the group were premedicated with Butorphanol and Dexmedetomidine intravenously at the dose rate of 0.02 mg and 0.5 μg per Kg body weight, respectively. After five minutes of premedication, induction of anaesthesia was achieved with double drip solution containing ketamine hydrochloride 2 mg and guaifenesin 50 mg per mL respectively, administered i.v. “to effect”. Oroendotracheal intubation was accomplished with cuffed Murphy type endotracheal tube to provide leak-free secure airway. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane using large animal anaesthetic machine. In group II animals ten minutes prior to skin incision, slow intravenous lignocaine bolus at the dose rate of 2 mg/kg was given. Following loading dose continuous rate infusion of lignocaine at the dose rate of 50 μg/kg/min was delivered through volumetric infusion pump till the start of skin closure.ThesisItem Restricted CARBON DIOXIDE LASER AND HUMAN FIBRIN GLUE SEALANT FOR MANAGEMENT OF AURAL HAEMATOMA IN DOGS(2021) KIBSON S; TANUVAS; PUSHKIN RAJ H; NAGARAJAN L; USHAKUMARY SEighteen clinical cases of dogs with aural haematoma of various etiologies reported to the Small Animal Surgical Out-patient Unit, Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, were selected and taken up for the study. The selected animals were subjected to routine clinical examination, haemato-biochemical analysis and in the affected ear canal bacterial culture, antibiotic sensitivity test with swab taken up from the affected ear canal and otoscopic examination was carried out. The eighteen dogs selected for the study were randomly divided into three groups irrespective of breed, age, sex, body weight,animals were subjected to general anaesthesia and positioned on the lateral recumbency with the affected ear comingon top, in group Itreatment of aural haematoma by conventional suturing method was done; in group IItreatment of aural haematoma using carbon dioxide laser was carried out; in group III treatment of aural haematoma with human fibrin glue was done.Samples of haematoma fluid was collected for haemato-biochemical analysis and biopsy from the auricular cartilage were taken with 0.6mm punch biopsy for histopathological analysis. Post-operatively Doppler ultrasonogaphy was performed on day 3, 7, 14 to evaluate angiogenesis. Post operative complications were recorded.ThesisItem Restricted RADIOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC OTITIS EXTERNA AND ITS SURGICAL MANAGEMENT IN DOGS(2021) DIVYA V; TANUVAS; NAGARAJAN L; MOHAMED SHAFIUZAMA; KANNAN TATwelve cases of chronic otitis externa that presented to the Small Animal Out-patient unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital were chosen for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups of six animals each. Lateral ear canal resection was performed in animals of group I, and vertical ear canal ablation was performed in animals of group II. Cytology, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity was done on day 0 and the 14th post-operative day. Radiography and computed tomography (CT) were done on day 0 and the 30th post-operative day. Dorso-ventral and lateral oblique orthogonal views of the skull were taken on radiography to assess the external ear canal and the tympanic bulla. CT was done with a 16-slice helical CT scanner with 1mm slice thickness and slice interval. Images were assessed in both the bone and soft tissue windows. Parameters measured were the length of the vertical canal, length of the horizontal canal, diameter at the external auditory meatus, diameter at the junction of the vertical and horizontal canal, diameter at the proximal end of the horizontal canal, presence of soft tissue opacity within the lumen of the horizontal canal, presence of mineralization and presence of narrowing of the external ear canal. Additionally, the maximum thickness of the vertical and horizontal canal was measured on CT.ThesisItem Restricted COLLAGEN AND SILICONE EXTRACELLULAR MATRICES EMBEDDED WITH AUTOLOGOUS PLATELET RICH PLASMA FOR CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING IN HORSES(2021) RAJASEKAR S; TANUVAS; SIVASHANKAR R; PUSHKIN RAJ H; NAGARAJAN KThe present work was done to study the utility of collagen and silicone extracellur matrices embedded with autologous platelet rich plasma for cutaneous wound healing in horses. The study was conducted in twelve clinical cases (N=12) with cutaneous wound in apparently healthy horses which were brought to the Large Animal Outpatient Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai-07. The clinical cases of horses were divided into two groups of six animals each (N=6). Group I animals were treated with collagen extracellular matrices embedded with autologous platelet rich plasma and group II animals were treated with silicone foam dressing embedded with autologous platelet rich plasma. The parameters studied during the post treatment period were clinical/macroscopical observation (colour of wound, wound exudates, presence of crest, granulation tissue, and skin sensibility), wound planimetry (percentage of epithelialization, percentage of contraction, percentage of wound healing), haemato-biochemical analysis, histological evaluation, wound exudate analysis and assessment of vascularity by ultrasonagraphy for wound healing. These parameters were studied for 0, 5, 15, 30 and 45th day of post treatment period. Macroscopical evaluation of wound showed no apparent changes in both the groups.ThesisItem Restricted ASSESSMENT OF WOUND HEALING FOLLOWING COLLAGEN URETHRAL STENT PLACEMENT FOR URETHROTOMY IN DOGS(2021) NISHANTH C; TANUVAS; GOKULAKRISHNAN M; MOHAMED SHAFIUZAMA; KANNAN TAUrethral obstruction is an emergency clinical scenario in dogs which leads to post-renal azotemia due to obstruction of urine flow. The most common cause of urethral obstruction is urolithiasis which was diagnosed with ultrasonography and radiography in the present study. A total of 12 animals presented to Madras Veterinary College teaching hospital with the history of urinary obstruction were chosen for the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 animals each. Group I animals were treated with conventional urethrotomy procedure and group II animals were treated with urethrostomy with collagen urethral stent placement. The collagen material used was an acellular matrix of bovine origin. The acellular collagen matrix was tubularised into urethral stent and placed inside the urethra and the urethrotomy was closed and the surgical wound was evaluated post-operatively for 14 days. Haemato-biochemical parameters were assessed pre-operatively and post operatively on days 0, 3, 7 and 14 and found that the renal parameters were significantly different in both the groups I and II between the pre-operative and post-operative period indicating the change in renal function before and after relieving the urethral obstruction. Plain and contrast radiography were used to determine the urethral lumen diameter and urethral leakage post-operatively in both the groups I and II which revealed no urethral leakage or urethral stricture post-operatively in both the groups indicating that acellular collagen matrix prevented urethral leakage and stricture. Ultrasonography was used to assess the collagen stent absorption, collapse and migration post-operatively in group II animals. There was no collagen stent collapse or stent migration in any of the animals in group II. Ultrasound revealed a partial absorption of collagen stent on day 7 and a complete absorption at day 14 post-operatively. Short Form of Glassgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) was used to evaluate acute pain in this study on 3"*, 7^ and 14^ post-operative days. There was no significant difference in the pain scores between the groups indicating that the collagen stent does not elicit any extra pain than normal urethrotomy procedure.ThesisItem Restricted CONTINUOUS RATE INFUSION OF BUTORPHANOL - LIDOCAINE - KETAMINE FOR ABDOMINAL SURGERIES IN CALVES(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) MERIL RAJ C.; TANUVAS; SENTHIL KUMAR S.; KUMARESAN, A.; SARAVANAN M.The study was conducted in 21 clinical cases of calves presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu for various major abdominal surgical interventions. The study was conducted during March 2021 to October 2021. The animals were randomly divided into two groups viz., group I and group 11 consisting of fifteen animals and six animals, respectively. General clinical examination of all calves selected for the study was carried out and physiological parameters were recorded before anaesthesia in all the animals. Age, sex and bodyweight in kilograms of the animals were recorded. In all the animals, xylazine at the dose rate of 0.03 mg per kg body weight, butorphanol at the dose rate of 0.003 mg per kg body weight and ketamine at the dose rate of 0.25 mg per kg body weight were administered intramuscularly as premedicant.
