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ThesisItem Restricted INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT WATER SANITIZERS ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN(2021) GOSKULWAR PRIYA VASANTRAO; TANUVAS; RAJENDRAN K; KANNAN D; CHINNAMANI KA biological experiment was conducted to study the influence of different water sanitizers on the production performance of broiler chicken. The experiment was carried out with three hundred and twenty Cobb 400 day old straight run broiler chicks from single hatch and reared up to 35 days of age under standard managemental condition. The chicks were wing banded, weighed and randomly allotted to eight treatment groups with five replicates of eight chicks each. The treatment groups consisted of T1 - Control (untreated water), T2 - Reverse Osmosis water, T3 - Chlorine water, T4 - Chlorine dioxide water, T5 - Hydrogen peroxide water, T6 - Ozonized water, T7 - UV treated water and T8 –Ozone+UV treated water. A basal broiler diet was formulated according to the Cobb 400 standard and fed to the birds throughout the study period. During the experimental period, data on body weight, feed consumption and litter quality evaluation were recorded at weekly interval and water consumption on daily basis and mortality was recorded at occurrence. From the above data, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water to feed intake ratio and livability were calculated. At the end of the experiment (35th day), one male and one female per replicate, totally ten birds per treatment group were randomly selected and blood samples were collected for analysis of serum biochemical parameters later the birds were slaughtered and recorded slaughter parameters and abdominal fat weight. The thigh and breast muscle samples were collected from each carcass and the protein content was estimated. An intestinal cut from loop of duodenum was taken to measure intestinal villi length. Litter samples were collected from each replicate and analysed for moisture, pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids.ThesisItem Restricted EVALUATION OF DISINFECTANTS EFFICACY AND THEIR EFFECTS ON COMMERCIAL LAYERS(2021) SENTHIL KUMAR RAJ S; TANUVAS; MOORTHY M; KANNAN D; SARAVANAN SA study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of disinfectants on microbial contamination, production performance, health status, frequency of disinfection to be used and its cost benefit in commercial layer farms. Six commercial layer farms were selected in Namakkal District. From each farm four sheds were selected and was numbered from one to four. Shed number one was control where no disinfection was done. Shed number two was disinfected with potassium monopersulfate (2500 ppm). Shed number three was disinfected with chlorine dioxide (200ppm) and shed number four was disinfected with garlic extract (2.5 %). Four cycles of disinfections were done with 14 days interval period between each disinfection. The birds reared in all the farms were in raised platform sheds. Feeding varied between farms and it was according to the age and production of the birds and general management was according to the poultry farm owners. For each disinfection, microbial contamination in shed environment in all the sheds was monitored by using plate exposure technique. MacConkey agar plates, Plate count agar plates and Sabauraud dextrose agar plates were used for monitoring coliform count, total count and mould count respectively. Two plates for each parameter were exposed before disinfection, on the day after disinfection, seventh day and 14th day after disinfection. This was repeated for all the four disinfections.ThesisItem Restricted STUDY ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF FOUR LINES OF JAPANESE QUAIL(2021) KECHE VISHAL ARUNRAO; TANUVAS; KANNAN D; AMUTHA R; THIRUVENKADAN AKThe present study was conducted to study the growth and production performance of four different lines (L1, L2, L3 and L4) of Japanese quail. It was conducted in two stages, first stage includes 180 day-old straight-run chicks from each line, which were divided into ten replicates of 18 birds each followed by rearing up to five weeks of age to study the growth performance. The second stage includes nine females from each replicate, which were randomly selected at the end of fifth week and reared up to 16 weeks of age to study the body weight, age at sexual maturity, hen-housed (egg numbers) and hen-day (per cent) egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency in terms of feed per dozen of eggs and livability. All the experimental groups were subjected to uniform standard managemental conditions and fed with prescribed diets. The results revealed that a highly significant difference (P<0.01) in body weight was observed from one to five week of age. Highest fifth week body weight was recorded in L3 (235.31 g) followed by L2 (232.99 g), L1 (217.05 g) and lowest in L4 (203.62 g). The cumulative fifth week feed consumption showed non-significant difference at first and second week and highly significant difference (P<0.01) from third to fifth week of age. L3 consumed more feed (716.13 g) followed by L2 (703.85 g), L1 (670.41 g) and L4 (666.95 g). The better cumulative feed conversion ratio was observed in L2 (3.14) followed by L3 (3.16), L1 (3.22) and L4 (3.43).ThesisItem Restricted MOLECULAR GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF “TANUVAS NAMAKKAL GOLD JAPANESE QUAIL”(2021) GAIKWAD SIDHARTH UTTAMRAO; TANUVAS; AMUTHA R; KANNAN D; CHITRA RThe present work was aimed to study the molecular genetic characterization of “TANUVAS Namakkal gold Japanese quail” with microsatellite markers and to evaluate the association of polymorphic variants with growth rate and egg production traits. A total of two hundred, straight run day old chicks were utilized for studying the growth performance from day old to five weeks of age. After fifth week of age, female birds were maintained to study the age at sexual maturity and egg production parameters. Molecular genetic characterization was carried out by using randomly selected each 24 male and females. The mean body weight of “TANUVAS Namakkal gold Japanese quails” from 0 to 5 weeks were 8.96 g ± 0.02, 26.63 g ± 0.32, 63.15 g ± 0.39, 111.15 g ± 2.91, 171.09 g ± 1.15 and 212.10 g ± 1.37, respectively, whereas weekly feed consumption per bird from first to fifth week were 37.61 g ± 0.16, 99.33 g ± 0.29, 152.00 g ± 3.39, 187.00 g ± 3.39 and 208.87 g ±1.91, respectively and the feed conversion ratio from first to fifth week were 2.45 ± 0.06, 2.53 ± 0.02, 2.84 ± 0.06, 2.94 ± 0.03 and 3.37 ± 0.03, respectively. The mean age at sexual maturity, age at 50 and 90 per cent egg production was 42.20 days ± 0.80, 50.30 days ± 1.59 and 59.10 days ± 2.92, respectively.ThesisItem Restricted EFFECT OF PHYTOBIOTICS ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL(2021) SUMANTH S; TANUVAS; SANGILIMADAN K; RICHARD CHURCHIL R; SESH PSLA five week biological experiment in Japanese quail was undertaken with an aim to study the effectiveness of Amla fruit powder and Tulsi leaf powder as growth promoters on production performance and economics in environmentally controlled shed, Department of Poultry Science, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-07. For this study 252 day-old straight run Japanese quails were randomly distributed into seven treatments consisting of six replicates each. Each replicate has six birds. The birds were reared in cages throughout the biological experiment and Japanese quail brooder chick mash diet was provided in control diet. in treatment groups Japanese quail brooder mash diet along with amla fruit powder @ 0.5 and 1.0% and tulsi leaf powder @ 0.25 and 0.5% and their combinations (amla fruit powder @0.5% + tulsi leaf powder @0.25%) (amla fruit powder @1.0% + tulsi leaf powder @0.5%) were used. The results revealed that there was significant difference between the treatment groups in body weight up to fourth week of the experiment. During fifth week statistically non significant improvement was observed in amla and tulsi treatment groups than in control group. The final body weight was highest in T3 (A-1.0%) group with 246.88g followed by T4 (T-0.25%) having 245.25g. Weekly weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) improved up to third week between treatment groups. But fourth and fifth week weight gain decreased significantly. (p<0.05) among amla and tulsi treatment groups when compared to control group. Cumulative weight gain (0-5th week) also was statistically not significant improvement in amla and tulsi treatment groups than in control group. Highest cumulative weight gain was noticed in T3 (A-1.0%) group with 237.0g followed by T4 (T-0.25%) having 235.0 g which is similar as final body weight. The cumulative feed consumption per bird (g) of Japanese quails reared from 0 to 5 weeks of age was not influenced by dietary supplementation of amla fruit powder and tulsi leaf powder. Supplementation of amla fruit powder and tulsi leaf powder did not influence the final feed efficiency of birds. Feed efficiency was improved significantly (p<0.05) in first, second and fourth week.ThesisItem Restricted OPTIMIZING ENERGY AND PROTEIN LEVELS FOR PHASE FEEDING IN TANUVAS ASEEL X NANDANAM CHICKEN 4 CROSSBRED STRAIN (ANC4)(2021) RAVIVARMAN N; TANUVAS; SUNDARESAN A; EZHILVALAVAN S; SENTHILKUMAR RPA biological trail was carried out to optimize the dietary crude protein and energy requirements in TANUVAS Aseel x Nandanam Chicken-4 (ANC4) from day old to 12 weeks of age. A total of 360 day old ANC4 chicks were wing banded, weighed individually and distributed randomly into six treatment groups with three replicates of 20 chicks each per group. The experimental birds were fed with three levels of crude protein (16, 18 and 20 per cent) and two levels of metabolizable energy (2700 and 2800 Kcal/Kg) with ad libitum feeding and watering. Standard managemental practices were adopted throughout the experimental period in deep litter system. Weekly data on body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, livability, slaughter studies, cut-up-parts, litter pH, moisture, proximate analysis of meat, HI titre and economics were recorded and calculated. The birds fed with 18 per cent CP and 2800 ME (T5) had higher body weight of 1227.34 ± 24.77 (g) followed by T4 (16:2800) and T1 (16:2700), respectively. Similarly, birds received higher ME of 2800 Kcal/kg had recorded higher body weight of 1205.42 ± 13.46 g followed by 2700 ME group (1145.42 ± 13.46 g). At 12th week the birds received 2700 Kcal ME/kg had less feed consumption (3810.31g) than 2800 Kcal ME/Kg (4183.56 g) fed groups. Whereas, different levels of crude protein had no significant difference in feed consumption. Similarly, the birds received lower CP and lower ME (T1 and T2) had shown numerically better feed conversion ratio (3.21 ± 0.06 and 3.31 ± 0.18). The overall livability was highest (97.10 per cent) in birds fed with 20 per cent CP and 2700 Kcal ME/Kg.ThesisItem Restricted SHRIMP WASTE MEAL AS REPLACEMENT FOR FISH MEAL IN COMMERCIAL BROILER RATION(2021) DHAMOTHARAN S; TANUVAS; PREMAVALLI K; SELVAN ST; VALLI CA study was conducted to optimize the inclusion level of shrimp waste meal (SWM) as replacement for fish meal (FM) in broiler ration and to study the impact of feeding SWM on production performance and carcass characteristics of commercial broilers up to five weeks of age. A total of 300 day old straight run Cobb chicks belonging to single hatch were weighed and randomly allotted into five treatment groups with three replicates and each replicate had twenty chicks.The basal diet (T1) was prepared for broilers with the inclusion of 10% fish meal. The T2, T3, T4 and T5 diets were formulated by incorporating shrimp waste meal at 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% levels, replacing fish meal. Data on production performances like mean body weight, cumulative body weight gain ; feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and per cent livability, carcass yield, cut-up parts yield, proximate and fatty acid profile, HI titre against NDV and serum biochemical profile and economics were recorded. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and the results were interpreted. The results revealed that there was significant differences (P<0.01) in mean body weight and BWG among the treatment groups throughout the study period of five weeks. The treatment groups (T4 and T5) fed with higher inclusion level of SWM (7.5% and 10%) exhibited significantly (P<0.01) higher final body weight and BWG and comparable to T1 and T2, whereas T3 (5% FM + 5% SWM) recorded lowest values among the treatments. The mean cumulative feed consumption, FCR and per cent livability were not significant between the treatments. Carcass characteristics and carcass proximate composition did not differ significantly among treatments. There were significant (P<0.05) differences observed on stearic and behenic acids (saturated fatty acids) and palmitoleic acid (MUFA) in T3 (5% FM + 5% SWM) group; however, the other saturated fatty acids, MUFA and PUFA levels were not significant among groups. HI titre against NDV, the HDL: LDL and total cholesterol: HDL ratios were significant (P<0.05) and desirable values were obtained in T5 and T4 (10% and 7.5%) treatments and all other serum biochemical parameters were not significant between the treatments. The additional profit per kg body weight was more in higher SWM inclusion (T5-10% SWM and T4-7.5% SWM) groups when compared to higher FM included (T1 and T2) groups and was lowest in T3 (5% FM+ 5% SWM). The 7.5% SWM (T4) treatment group performed well in terms of broiler economic indices with higher returns and was comparable to T5 (10% SWM) group.ThesisItem Restricted DIFFERENT MATING RATIO AND EGG STORAGE ON FERTILITY AND HATCHABILITY OF “TANUVAS NAMAKKAL QUAIL-1” BREEDERS(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) KHANDARE TEJASHWINI BHARAT; TANUVAS; MOORTHY M.; RAJENDRAN K.; SIVAKUMAR, K.A biological experiment was conducted to study the effect of different mating ratio and egg storage period on fertility and hatchability of TANUVAS Namakkal quail-1 breeders in caged housing system. The experiment was conducted by using two hundred and fifty adult birds of the age 15-25 weeks (males:25 and females:125) and 35-45 weeks (males:25 and females:125) TANUVAS Namakkal quail-1 breeders. The different male: female ratios viz. T1 (1:2), T2 (1:3), T3 (1:4), T4 (1:5) and T5 (1:6) were maintained in cages separately. All the birds were reared as per the standard managemental procedure and fed with Japanese quail breeder diet. The fertile eggs were collected from each male: female ratio separately for 28 days period. Eggs set in the incubator and per cent hatchability, infertile, embryonic mortality and dead-in-shell were studied. The results of the experiment revealed that the hatchability was highly significant (P<0.01) in T3 group (77.62%) with a mating ratio of 1:4 in 15 to 25 weeks age group and in T2 group (72.83%) with a mating ratio of 1:3 in 35 to 45 weeks age group and these two treatments were selected for the second experiment for the collection of eggs for pre-incubation storage study. The per cent infertile, embryonic mortality and dead-in shell did not differ significantly in 15 to 25 weeks and 35-45 weeks age group.ThesisItem Restricted PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF NATIVE CHICKEN VARIETY MAINTAINED AT COLLEGE OF POULTRY PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT, HOSUR(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2021) THIRUNAVUKKARASU, P.; TANUVAS; SHAMSUDEEN P.; RAJ MANOHAR G.; MURALI N.; ANANDHA PRAKASH SINGHA biological experiment was conducted in Poultry Farm Complex, Department of Poultry Science, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal to study the phenotypic characterization and performance of assessment of Native chicken variety maintained at College of Poultry Production and Management (CPPM), Hosur. A sum of 540 male and 540 female day old chicks (total 1080 chicks) of the Native chicken variety were received from CPPM, Hosur and were individually weighed, wing banded and distributed randomly into three replicates for each sex. Each replicate had 180 chicks of either sex and were reared up to 20 weeks of age under deep litter system. The growth performance from 0 to 20th week of age, carcass characteristics at 12th and 16th week of age, morphologic and morphometric characteristics at 20th week of age were studied during the period from 0-20 weeks of age.
