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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Against the Soilborne Pathogens(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 0200) Brunda, K.S.; Jahagirdar, ShamaraoA total of 30 fungal and 30 bacterial endophytes were isolated from healthy soybean plants during kharif 2017 from major soybean growing areas of northern Karnataka viz., Belagavi, Haveri, Bidar, Dharwad and parts of Maharashtra viz., Kolhapur and Sangli districts. Maximum number of endophytes were obtained from Belagavi district (21) followed by Dharwad district (15). Mean maximum endophyte association was observed in irrigated condition (1.38 for fungal and 1.63 for bacterial endophytes), black soil (1.31 for fungal and 1.46 for bacterial) and at vegetative stage (1.73 for fungal and 1.27 for bacterial). In dual culture method of screening, the endophytes RF-BV-3, SF-DM-8, RB-KK-6, SB-BS-6 and LB-BU-1 were effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and the isolates SF-DM-8, SB-DG-11 and LB-BiN-8 were effective against Rhizoctonia bataticola. The effective endophytes against Fusarium oxysporum were RF-BV-3, SF-BV-3, SF-DM-8, SF-DS-10, LF-HH-5, LF-DM-10, LF-DD-13, LF-KK-14, RB-HS-1, SB-BiJ-9, LB-BU-1 and LB-BV-2. Based on cultural, morphological and molecular methods, the effective fungal endophytes were identified as Daldinia eschscholtzi (RF-BV-3), Fusarium solani (SF-BV-3 and LF-KK-14), Neofusicoccum parvum (SF-DM-8), Diaporthe phaseolorum (SF-DS-10 and LF-HH-5), Phomopsis sp. (LF-DM-10) and Colletotrichum aenigma (LF-DD-13). The effective bacterial endophytes were identified as Acinetobacter sp. (RB-HS-1), Alcaligenes faecalis (RB-KK-6), Stenotrophomonas sp. (SB-BiJ-9), Bacillus pumilus (SB-DG-11 and LB-BiN-8), Paenalcaligenes sp. (LB-BU-1), Bacillus cereus (SB-BS-6) and Brevibacillus sp. (LB-BV-2). Under glasshouse studies, SF-DM-8 was effective against all the three pathogens (less disease incidence of 21.88 % against S. rolfsii, 27.50 % against R. bataticola and 25.00 % against F. oxysporum) and showed enhanced growth promotion activity (increased plant height, leaflet number etc.) with maximum disease incidence of 100 per cent in untreated check. The endophyte RB-KK-6 was effective against S. rolfsii with less disease incidence (31.25 %). The endophytes RF-BV-3 and SB-BiJ-9 were effective against F. oxysporum with minimum disease incidence of 16.67 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Planting Materials, Sowing Dates and Spacing on Seed Yield and Quality of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2016-06) Kattimani, Asha Kasturinaik; Eshanna M.R.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Mycorrhization in the Management of Striga in Sugarcane Under Field Conditions(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-09) Manjunatha H.P.; P. Jones NirmalnathThesisItem Open Access Genetic Investigations on Heat Adaptive Traits in Bread Wheat by Using Molecular Markers(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-11) Jaya; Biradar, Suma S.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation and Characterization of Genetically Modified Cotton G. herbaceum Var. Jayadhar for Helicoverpa armigera Resistance(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-11) Mahawar, Sonam; Katageri, I.S.ThesisItem Open Access Marker Aided Introgression of Blast Resistance Genes Pi1, Pi2 and Pi54 Into Intan Rice Variety(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-12) Debnath, Prasenjit; Prashanthi S.K.Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating fungal disease that causes approximately 80 % yield loss. Use of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economical way to control rice blast disease. “Intan” is a medium slender indica variety, popular with farmers and consumers in Karnataka but highly susceptible to blast disease. BPT5204 NIL-28, 18, 30 introgressed with Pi1, Pi2 and Pi54 which was developed in the Department of Biotechnology, UAS, Dharwad and Tetep, having Pi1 and Pi54 were used as donor parents in the crossing programme to develop F1’s, BC1F1’s and BC2F1’s. Marker assisted backcross breeding approach was adopted to introgress broad spectrum blast resistance genes Pi1, Pi2 and Pi54 independently and pyramided into Intan in 2015 & 2016. Molecular markers genic/linked, flanking and unlinked to target genes were used as foreground, recombinant and background selection markers respectively. Genic marker RM224 for Pi1 gene, tightly linked marker AP5659-5 (0.10 cM) for Pi2 gene, RM206 (0.6 cM) for Pi54 gene showed polymorphism among the parents. These polymorphic markers were employed to confirm target genes in hybrids and backcross population. F1 plants generated from ‘Intan x Tetep’ cross was confirmed for the presence of Pi1 + Pi54 genes and confirmed plants were backcrossed. Further, these F1 plants were challenge inoculated with Magnaporthe oryzae isolates and F1’s showed resistant reaction, confirming the hybridity. Foreground selection was exercised and heterozygous plants with Pi1, Pi54, Pi1 + Pi54 pyramids were identified in BC1F1 generation. Sixty three genome wide markers were subjected for polymorphism and polymorphic markers were employed for background selection. From ‘Intan x BPT5204 NIL-18’ cross, heterozygous plants for Pi2 gene were confirmed in BC2F1 generation and subjected for background selection, in which recurrent parent genome recovery ranged from 57.40 % to 81.48 %.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Collar Rot of Brinjal Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-12) Wahid, S A.; Kamanna, B.C.Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the important vegetable crop. Collar rot of brinjal caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is serious soil borne disease. A study on this was undertaken at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during kharif 2015-16. Survey revealed that disease incidence ranged from 2.33 to 24.25 per cent. Highest mean disease incidence (9.75 %) was recorded in black soil. Dhruva hybrid showed high mean disease incidence of 11.52 per cent. . Significantly highest per cent disease incidence of 59.75 was recorded in plants of 15 days old in pot culture studies to know susceptible stage of brinjal. None of the genotypes were found resistant to collar rot pathogen. Among the six systemic fungicides tested under in vitro difenconazole, tebuconazole, hexaconazole and propiconazole at 0.1 per cent and 0.15 per cent concentrations inhibited cent per cent growth of S. rolfsii. Among the five contact fungicides mancozeb at 0.3 % concentration recorded maximum inhibition (60.25 %) of S. rolfsii followed by captan at 0.3 per cent concentration (55.19 %). Combi-products fungicides viz., thiram 37.5 % + carboxin 37.5 % WP and hexaconazole 4 % + zineb 68 % WP at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent concentrations inhibited cent per cent o growth of S. rolfsii. Among six bioagents Trichoderma harzianum recorded maximum inhibition. Among thirteen botanicals, parthenium leaf extract recorded maximum inhibition (64.57 %). Among the different treatment combinations tested under pot conditions the combination of seedling dip with thiram 37.5 % + carboxin 37.5 % WP @ 2 g/l + application of FYM @ 200 g/pot + soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 4 g/kg followed by soil drenching with thiram 37.5 % + carboxin 37.5 % WP @ 2 g/l on 0, 15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting recorded the least per cent disease incidence (12.04 %).ThesisItem Open Access Technological Gap in Onion Production in Haveri District(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Korishetti, Deepak S.; Nagaraja, M.V.This study was conducted under University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2014-15 in Haveri district of Karnataka state. Random sampling procedure was used to select 150 farmers and data collected through the personal interview method. Majority of onion growers were middle aged, 42.67 per cent of the onion growers studied up to primary school, 38.67 per cent farmers belongs to semi-medium land holding category, 49.33 per cent of respondents had medium level of farming experience, 52 per cent of respondents had medium level of area under onion crop. 57.33 per cent of farmers belonged to high level of economic orientation. Considerable per cent of respondents belonged to medium level of extension contact, mass media participation, innovative proneness and scientific orientation. The study revealed that cent per cent of onion growers adopted the recommended onion cultivation practices of proper harvesting stage followed by 98 per cent of farmers adopted correct sowing time, spacing and seed rate. 43.33 per cent belonged to medium category of technological gap. 98.00 per cent of technological gap was found in application of plant promoters followed by split application of nitrogen fertilizers. Majority of farmers got the market price information from others, 54.00 per cent farmers sold their produce in APMCs, 56.67 per cent farmers sold their produce immediately after harvest, 82.67 per cent of farmers graded the onion based on size. 70.67 per cent of onion growers indicated lack of knowledge of pest control as major production constraint followed by high cost of inputs. 92.67 per cent of farmers expressed that price fluctuation of onion was major marketing constraint followed by mal practice in weighment and lack of storage facility.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Diversity Studies for Morphological Traits in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-08) Patil, Manjunath; Angadi, S.G.Clusterbean genotypes collected from different regions of India were evaluated in agumented design, with three checks replicated in each block to study the genetic variability, genetic divergence, per se performance, correlation and path analysis at Floriculture unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during kharif 2015. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (at P=0.01) difference among genotypes for all seventeen characters studied. Broad genetic base was evident as the value of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variance was high for plant height, Number of branches, pod length, pods per plant, no of seeds per pod, yield per plant and seed yield per hectare. High heritability coupled with genetic advance over mean was observed for plant height at 90 DAS, Number of branches, leaf area, pod length at 60 DAS, Number of pods per plant, Number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, vegetable pod yield per plant and total seed yield per hectare which indicated predominance of additive gene actions for these traits. Correlation studies revealed significant and positive association of total seed yield per hectare with plant height, leaf area and Number of pods per plant. Path analysis for total seed yield per hectare revealed that secondary branches and days to 50 per cent flowering are being chief contributing characters at phenotypic level. The genetic divergence studies using K-means statistics grouped thirty five genotypes of clusterbean into five groups. Maximum inter-cluster distance was between clusters I and III. Among the seventeen characters included in K-means analysis, total seed yield per hectare contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by seed yield per plant and pod yield per plant. A few of the most promising genotypes evolved from present study for vegetable pod yield and seed yield were GR-9, GR-4, GR-29 and GR-26.
