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ThesisItem Open Access DAIRY FARMING IN BELAGAVI DISTRICT - A MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2015-06) PATIL, SANIDEV B.; MURTHY, C.The present research study was conducted on Dairy farming in Belagavi district-An Management Perspective. In this district, Gokak and Athani taluks were selected purposively on the basis of highest dairy animal population. The multistage sampling technique was followed for the selection of the farmers. The data were collected from 10 dairy farmers from each village, 5 Dairy Co-operative societies and 5 Milkmen’s were selected from each talukas. Thus, the total sample size is 140. The data was collected through personal interviews from the dairy farmers, Dairy Co-operative Societies and Milkman with the help of well-structured pre-tested schedule by survey methods. The information gathered was regarding to change in animal population, dairy management practices, milk production, input cost, marketing channels and problems faced by dairy farmers, during 2014-15. The buffalo and crossbred cow population in study area has increased over the time. Most of crossbred cow and buffalo rearing farmers were found to be following modern and scientific management practices as compare to indigenous cow rearing farmers. The Internal rate of return (IRR) is found to be highest in crossbred cow farming unit (36.31%), followed by buffalo farming unit (32.65%) and indigenous cow farming unit (24.73%). It is show that in the in study area, buffalo and crossbred cow farms are economically more viable than the indigenous cow farm. Most of the farmers are following traditional method of livestock rearing and they were not much aware about scientific management of livestock. Hence, there is a need to arrange regular campaign to create awareness about scientific management practices of livestock rearing to farmers. The fluctuation of milk prices is a major problem for the market intermediaries (with the mean score of 72.90). This calls for government interference in fixing the milk price and give more share to the dairy farmers.ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF LEAFY VEGETABLES IN NORTH KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2015-06) MALLUR, MAHAMMAD JAKRIYA N.; KULKARNI, VILASMethi, amaranthus and palak are the three important leafy vegetables grown in northern Karnataka. Due to perishability, post-harvest management of leafy vegetables has been receiving greater attention. Present study was conducted in Belagavi district of Karnataka by selecting two taluks, Chikkodi and Khanapur, based on area under leafy vegetables. The study aimed at analysing production and marketing management and estimation of post-harvest losses in these vegetables, apart from studying problems in production and marketing. Tabular analysis and Garrett ranking technique were used to analyse the data, collected from 150 farmers and 90 middlemen involved in marketing of leafy vegetables and 30 final consumers. The study revealed that among the selected leafy vegetables, the total variable cost incurred in amaranthus was highest accounting 88.15 percent as compared to palak (88.13%) and methi (85.28%). Per hectare cost of production worked-out to be 41469, 41058 and 32603, with net returns of 56531, 48942 and 30397, respectively in amaranthus, palak and methi, The B:C ratios were worked out to be 2.55, 2.34 and 1.93 in that order. The major marketing channel followed by the farmers involved commission agent-cum- wholesalers. The producer’s share in consumer rupee was found to be high in amaranthus (72.00%), followed by palak (71.70%) and methi (60.00%). The post harvest losses at farmers’ level were found to range between 4 and 8 percent and between 6 and 10 percent at commission agent-cumwholesaler level and between 11 and 14 percent at retailer level due to losses during packaging, storage, transportation, rotting and insect attack. Efforts may be initiated to minimize losses by developing suitable infrastructure and packaging for leafy vegetables. Non-availability of seeds and high cost of seeds were found to be serious production problems. Proper arrangements may be made for supply the seeds in the right time at subsidized rates.ThesisItem Open Access CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR EMERGING RETAIL FORMATS IN HUBLI-DHARWAD TWIN CITY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2015-06) ANGADI, SHYAVANTH N.; YELEDHALLI, R. A.Organized retailing in India has been maturing by passing through many trends with the entry of many big players trying to build and strengthen their retail business. The present research would help to portray a detailed picture of consumer preferences towards emerging retail formats in Hubli-Dharwad twin city. The study was entirely based on primary data. Sample size for the study was 1300 with 800 from super markets and 500 from departmental stores. Core product attributes (improved quality, variety of brands and assortment of merchandise) and secondary product attributes (proper display of products and warranty of products) influence consumer’s preferences while purchasing from emerging retail formats more as compared to Supplementary product attributes. It is inferred from the study that shopping experience enhancers and store environment attributes influence the consumers’ choice of emerging retail formats. Malls, Specialty stores and hyper/ supermarkets are preferred retail formats for buying various shopping goods like clothing, footwear, jewellery, furniture and bags and Baggage. Retention strategies and promotional strategies that emerge as important marketing strategies for retailers’. Convenience goods like food and grocery, stationery and confectionary are highly purchased by consumers from convenience stores, Discount Stores and departmental stores. Retailers’ of Malls, hyper/supermarkets and specialty stores focus on competitive strategies, retention strategies and image improvement strategies. Establishment of specialized stores may bring about growth of economy in the future days to come where in the retailers can meet wide variety of products and better quality in stores to consumers compared to other types of shopping stalls.ThesisItem Open Access MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF HYBRID COTTON SEEDS IN NORTH KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2015-06) SAJJAN, SRIVIDYARANI S.; KERUR, N. M.In India, agriculture contributes around 13.7 per cent of the gross domestic product while providing employment to around 58 per cent to country’s work force. India is one of the major country in the production of cotton in world. Karnataka is one of major states in the production of cotton in south India, with an area of 4.98 lakh hectares under cotton production, producing 12.02 lakh bales of cotton. Haveri district stands first in terms of both area 65,659 hectares and production of 3,05,886 bales of cotton followed by Dharwad (40,910 hectares) and production (1,06,844 bales) Gadag, Belagavi, and others. For the present study, Primary data were collected for eliciting the opinions of farmer respondents and cotton seed dealers using pre-tested and well structured questionnaires. Primary data was collected from 120 farmers and 20 dealer respondents. Secondary data was collected for Demand of Hybrid cotton seeds from Agriculture Department. Gini coefficient was observed to be 0.56 and 0.60 in Dharwad and Haveri district. The market for cotton seeds represented a monopolistic nature. Tabular analysis was used to assess the purchase behaviour of different brands of hybrid cotton seeds by farmers. In both the districts, kanaka variety occupied more area under cotton followed by Super star, Pratap and Rasi. ARIMA was used for demand forecasting. Projected demand for hybrid cotton seeds were expected to be decrease from 66664.23 kgs in 2014-15 to 53129.65 kgs in 2019-20 in Dharwad district and in haveri district it is decreased from 71876.5 kgs in 2014-15 to 64905.20 kgs in 2019-20. Garrett ranking was used to analyse factors influencing brand loyalty for hybrid cotton seeds in both districts. The factor high yield compared to other brands is the important and major factor with the mean score 77.6.ThesisItem Open Access Dynamics of Spot and Futures market prices of Cumin in India(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Alok Kumar Mishra; N.N. KaarnoolCumin has commonly known as Jeera. This is one of the most important spice grown in India. The results revealed that growth rate in area under cumin was found to be positive, while production also showed increasing growth due to increased productivity.. With this backdrop the present study was undertaken by collecting monthly prices of cumin in major cumin markets (Gujarat and Rajasthan) of India for a period of 21 years (1991-92 to 2011- 12). The futures prices for cumin seed was also collected for the same period. The growth rate analysis revealed that production growth rate is highly significant. Hence, there is need to evolve some varieties with stable or sustained productivity in order to meet future demand. An increasing trend in prices was observed in all the markets, but the quantum of increase varied from one market to another. Price of cumin was found to be highest during off season and lowest during harvest season. The higher monthly seasonal indices of prices were observed during September to October and lower during the months of March and April. Hence, the farmers should be educated to plan their marketing particularly in these months. Forecasting analysis was employed to quantify the variation in prices and also to forecast cumin seed prices. The forecasted prices in all the markets showed an increasing value. Cointegration analysis between spot and futures prices for cumin seed showed high cointegration between markets. Hence, cumin economy should take this advantage to encourage the production of cumin. The analysis revealed that, storing cumin and selling of it during off season would help the producer in getting higher returns. Finally it was recommended to disseminate the forecasted prices to farmers for their advantage.ThesisItem Open Access Market Dynamics and price Behaviour of Groundnut in North Karnataka Groundnut in North Karnataka - an Econometric Approach(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Jyoti Jodalli; R.A. YeledhalliThe prices of most agricultural commodities are inherently susceptible to violent fluctuations, the economic consequences of which are dire. The present study was devoted to an analysis of the dynamics of market fluctuations in the arrivals and prices of groundnut in five different markets of North Karnataka viz., Bellary, Mundargi, Gadag, Raichur and Dharwad. Both secondary and primary data was utilized to fulfill the objectives. A multiplicative model of time series was used to analyze arrivals and prices for markets. Raichur and Dharwad markets showed increasing trend both in arrivals and prices. Seasonal indices of arrivals and prices of groundnut in selected markets revealed that the arrivals were at its peak during October-December. The highest arrival index was noticed in Raichur market in the month of October (443.18). Whereas lowest arrival index was noticed in Gadag market in February month (10.69). The cyclical trend in selected markets showed that there were no constant period between cycles in both arrivals and prices. In long run, Raichur market showed highest coefficient of multiple determination (R²) value of 0.68. Whereas, lowest coefficient of multiple determination (R²) value of 0.15 was observed in both Gadag and Dharwad market. ARIMA model was employed to forecast the prices of groundnut in selected markets. Among five markets, the price forecast model for Mundargi market (1,1,1), (1,1,1) was found to be best models. There existed high market integration between Mundargi and Bellary markets. To analyze the marketing problems in groundnut primary data were collected from farmers and market functionaries. About 84 per cent of problem faced in competition of oil millers in the market intermediaries and about 30 percent of problem in untimely tendering.ThesisItem Open Access Traditional and Modern Turmeric Cultivation in Belgaum District of Karnataka - A Comparative Management Appraisal(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Sarfaraz K. Shaikh; C. MurthyTurmeric strictly speaking is a condiment crop which has been used for colouring, flavoring and medicinal purposes. It ranks fourth in area 3043583 (hacters) and second in production 5933126 (tonn) in India, in Karnataka area 18035 (hacters) and production 90448 (tonn) and Belgaum area 1148 (hacters) and production 8336 (ton) in year 2001-2012. The present study were conducted in Traditional and Modern Turmeric Cultivation in Belgaum District of Karnataka – A Comparative Management Appraisal, because this district having highest traditional and modern of turmeric cultivation. In this district two talukas were randomly selected namely Athani and Raibag farmers for turmeric cultivation. The study conducted in the year 2012-13 revealed that highest labour requirement was seen on traditional category farmers (78.64 man days) followed by modern farmers (67.20 man days) because most of the operations such as planting, harvesting, picking, weeding were human labour intensively more. The highest yield was obtained by modern farmers (27.68 qtls) followed by traditional farmers (23.14 qtls). Among the two categories of farmers the total cost incurred by the traditional farmers were high (Rs. 74898.74 per acre) as compared to modern farmer (Rs.67634.27 per acre). The average processing cost of traditional turmeric farmers was Rs. 9076.80 per acre as against Rs. 6724.20 per acre of modern farmers. The summation of regression co-efficients indicated for traditional farmers (0.92) and increasing returns to scale were observed form modern farmers (1.03). Total cost in quintal of turmeric value addition was Rs. 11027.02 and Rs. 11434.55 for traditional and modern farmers respectively. Marketing efficiency in modern farmers was 1.37 and in traditional farmers it is 1.25. The total net income from traditional farmers of Rs. 78977.03 per acre and modern farmers of Rs.121697.43. Turmeric rhizome of high quality should be made available to the farmers at affordable rates to increase the use by farmers and to increase their profitability.ThesisItem Open Access Business performance of tur Board in Karnataka - an Appraisal(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Shrikrishna; Vilas KulkarniPulses play an important place in Indian agricultural economy as they are rich sources of proteins and constitute ten to fifteen per cent of India’s food grain diet. The Karnataka Togari Abhivrudhi Mandali Limited Gulbarga was registered under the Companies Act 1956 and started in the year 2002. The data relating to the procurement of tur for the past ten years i.e.,2002-03 to 2011-12 were drawn from the ledger account and purchase books of the Board. Figures pertaining to the cost and margin were taken from the profit and loss accounts and the balance sheets. In the study growth analysis, ratio analysis, liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios, profitability ratios, Likert scaling were used to analyse the different objectives of the study. There is a line organizational structure in Tur Board which might be due to less number of activities and low investment. Presently Tur Board is procuring tur from all taluks of Gulburga and Bidar districts by establishing procurement linkage in all taluks. The trend in total income earned from tur by the board was increasing in the first stage. The overall results of liquidity ratios projects that the Tur Board is not in much comfortable position to meet its immediate financial obligations. The firm has generated a return of Rs.1.83 for every rupee of fixed assets held, indicating that board is more efficient in utilization of fixed assets to generate sales. The net profit margin has remained constant and declined implying that operating expenses relative to sales have been increasing over many years. The major constraint observed in Tur Board was stability in financial resources, which can be overcome by proper planning and execution of financial policies by the Government.ThesisItem Open Access Perception of Bhagyalakshmi Scheme by Rural Women of Dharwad District(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Jyothi D..; L. ManjunathThe study was conducted during the year 2011-12 in Dharwad district of Karnataka. Five taluks of Dharwad districts namely Navalagunda, Kalagatagi, Hubli, Dharwad and Kundgol were selected as locale of the study. Fifteen villages were selected for the study and five beneficiaries and five non beneficiaries from each village were selected which constitute 150 rural women as sample for the study. The data collected from the respondents were scored, tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical methods. Frequency, mean, standard deviation and index were used to interpret the data. Majority of the beneficiaries (98.67 per cent) belonged to young age group and a very less per cent of them (1.33 per cent) belonged to middle age. There was no significant difference in the education of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. Compared to beneficiaries more number of non-beneficiaries belong to small, marginal and semi-medium farm holding categories. An equal percentage of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were found in medium farm holding categories. Considerable per cent of the beneficiaries and non–beneficiaries (56.00 and 38.67 per cent) belonged to low and semi–medium (54.67 and 32 per cent) income group, respectively. Majority of the beneficiaries (65.33 per cent) and non–beneficiaries (58.67 per cent) belonged to joint families. The overall awareness level of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries was 77.71 and 75.04 per cent, respectively. The awareness level of Bhagyalakshmi scheme was more among beneficiaries than non-beneficiaries. The attitude towards the Bhagyalakshmi scheme with respect to the changes it could bring in terms of correcting gender injustice was 88.57 and 68.88 per cent among beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, respectively. Beneficiaries had more favorable attitude towards the scheme. Major constraints expressed by nonbeneficiaries were ‘Tatkal Ration card is not eligible for applying’, ‘bond is pending in the department’ and ‘cumbersome procedure in getting the bond’. Further, suggestions offered were ‘scholarship amount should be given in kind’, ‘timely issue of bonds’, ‘scholarship amount should be increased’, ‘career guidance and training’ should be provided and ‘help should be given to male children also’.