Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 1770

Open Access
Stability analysis in advanced clones of sugarcane Saccharum spp. complex
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. PIN 263145, 2022-08) Goswami, Riya; Jeena, A. S.
The present investigation entitled “Stability analysis in advanced clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex)” was conducted with 18 advanced clones of Sugarcane including three checks viz., CoS 767, CoPant 97222 and Co 05011 to estimate the genotype×environment interaction and stability parameters using Eberhart and Russell model. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design at three different environments viz., Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (E1), U.P Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahanpur (E2) and, PAU Regional Station, Kapurthala (E3). At each environment observations were recorded for fifteen yield and yield contributing traits viz., germination percent, tillers/ha, brix percent at 10 months, purity percent at 10 months, sucrose percent at 10 months, number of millable cane/ha, single cane weight (kg), cane diameter (cm), cane height (m), cane yield (t/ha), CCS yield (t/ha), brix percent at 12 months, sucrose percent at 12 months, purity percent at 12 months and CCS percent at 12 months. Analysis of variance at each environment revealed that genotypes exhibited highly significant differences for all characters under study. Further, the pooled analysis of variance over three environments also exhibited significant differences among genotypes for all the fifteen traits. The estimates of the environmental index showed that E1 was the most favourable environment for nine traits followed by E2 for seven traits and E3 for five traits. Based on the mean performance, CoPant 97222 was registered as the best check for nine traits followed by CoS 767 for six traits. Likewise, among the entries, Co17018 was found superior to best checks for seven traits, followed by CoH 17262 for six traits and CoS 17234 and CoPb 17214 for five traits. The G X E interaction was found significant for all characters except for two traits namely, purity % at 10 months and purity % at 12 months. Based on the estimates of stability parameters as per Eberhart and Russell model, CoPb 17214 was observed as stable genotype for all traits except tillers/ha. Similarly, CoS 17236 and CoH17261 were found stable for fourteen traits except cane yield t/ha. Likewise, among the checks, Co 05011 was found stable for all traits except for cane yield, here this genotype was responsive in favourable environment. Check, CoS 767 was found stable for all traits except for germination percent. Based on the study the clone Co17018 was identified stable for cane yield and sucrose percent at 12 months, along with superiority over all the three checks. Hence, this genotype can be recommended for cultivation over different environments. While, two clones viz., CoS 17234 and Co 05011 were found responsive for cane yield in favourable environment, hence these can be recommended for cultivation under resource rich environment.
Open Access
Comparative study on nutritional composition of raw and germinated quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) flour and development of ready-to-eat (RTE) snack
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-09) M. Anuhya; Dobhal, Neetu
Quinoa (Chenopodium Willd.) is a gluten-free nutrient-dense pseudocereal. In the present study, quinoa was germinated to observe its effect on physical and functional properties, nutritional and antinutritional content and total antioxidant activity. The results showed that germinated quinoa possessed good functional properties like water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsion capacity and stability, foaming capacity and foam stability, which are beneficial in product development. Proximate analysis revealed that the crude protein and crude fiber content of germinated quinoa flour (13.6 and 7.16%) was higher than raw quinoa flour (13.4 and 4.01%). Moisture, total ash, crude fat and carbohydrate content of raw quinoa flour (11.01, 2.22, 5.2, and 64.15%) was higher than germinated quinoa flour (9.03, 1.55, 4.3 and 64.34%). Data on mineral composition revealed that germination of quinoa led to significant increase of 49, 33.87, 18.38 and 13% in iron, calcium, potassium and phosphorus, respectively. Dietary fiber and in-vitro protein digestibility of germinated quinoa flour was significantly higher than raw quinoa flour. The findings showed that all antinutritional factors decreased significantly on germination while antioxidant activity increased. Among the different combinations of whole wheat flour and quinoa flour for developing waffles, the waffles developed with 100% raw quinoa flour and 60% germinated quinoa flour were found most acceptable on the basis of sensory evaluation. One serving of 100% raw quinoa flour waffles and 60% germinated quinoa flour waffles provided around 9-13 % of RDA of energy and 17-26 % of RDA of protein for children of age 7-12 years. Therefore, it can be concluded that this nutrient-dense snack can be considered a healthy alternative in the fast changing world, where lifestyle disorders, especially in the children are becoming a major problem
Open Access
Eco-friendly management of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella l.in Apis mellifera l. colonies
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Rawat, Rivanshi; Mall, Pramod
The experiments on “ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella L.) IN Apis mellifera L. COLONIES” were conducted during 2021-22 at Department of Entomology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar India. The greater wax moth (G. mellonella, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most serious pests of honey bee colonies. Females of the moth laid their eggs in cluster usually in the cracks or between wooden parts of the hives. The larvae mainly feed and destroy beeswax combs. The larvae of these moths form a silken feeding tunnel, which enlarge along the mid-rib of the comb or make borings through the thin wax caps of honey cells causing honey to leak out. Management studies of wax moth revealed that after 14 days of feeding, lowest weight gain by the larvae was 0.030 g in T2 (NSKE). The second lowest weight gain was 0.034 g in T3 (Bt kurstaki). In treatment T2 (NSKE) the larval mortality recorded 57.39% and lowest adult emergence was 33.33%. The minimum reduction of comb weight was recorded 2.85 g in treatment with T2 (NSKE). Treatment with different concentration of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae revealed that with increase in dose of B. bassiana, mortality of wax moth increased. At highest dose of 1×108 conidia/ml 81.6% mortality of larvae of greater wax moth was observed which was greater than 60.23% mortality caused by M. anisopliae at the same dose and same period of time. Treatment with UV radiations for different time period revealed that the hatchability of eggs and adult emergence was decreased and the mortality of adults was increased. Exposure to UV radiations for 15 min of time period resulted 76.66% of hatchability of eggs, 50% of adult emergence and 33.33% of adult mortality. For management of wax moth in order to reduce losses in storage conditions, it can be recommended that the combs can be treated with NSKE and Bt kurstaki. These treatments are effective in controlling the larvae of greater wax moth in stored condition. It was also concluded that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae at concentration of 1×108 conidia/ml are effective entomopathogens which can be used for the management of wax moth in stored combs. It was also concluded that exposure to UV radiations can also used for control the greater wax moth.
Open Access
Comparative study on phosphate solubilization potential of bacteria in wheat under agroforestry vs open cultivation systems
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Hedi, Anjali; Sahgal, Manvika
To fulfill the rising need for food, chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been used excessively, which has surely resulted in pollution and significant harm to soil fertility. The use of bio fertilizers, an environmentally benign agricultural input that is also more affordable than chemical fertilizers, significantly increases soil fertility over time. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria associated with plant increase the plant available phosphorus in soil thereby promoting the plant growth as well as yield. The current study examined the plant growth promoting potential of two PSB Pseudomonas strains on wheat through a field trial in open cultivation system and agroforestry system. Both the strains were previously isolated from the Dalbergia sissoo forest in the North-western Himalayan region of India and tested for their ability to serve as bio fertilizer using an integrative approach that included field trial with recommended dose of NPK. They were identified as Pseudomonas paralactis L3 (NCBI Gen Bank Accession number MG966341), Culture Accession number NAIMCC-B-03170 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa P2 (NCBI Gen Bank Accession number MG966347), Culture Accession number NAIMCC-B-03171). The field trial was conducted in two experimental setup i.e. open cultivar with Randomized Block Design (RBD) having three replicates per treatment and in all three treatments,P2, L3 individual and in consortium, CNS (L3+P2). At 60DPI and 120DPI in open field cultivation, CNS showed the best result in all agronomic parameters, GY, BY, HI and 1000 grain weight, photosynthetic pigments, microbial count and soil enzymatic activities and were significantly higher than untreated control at p<0.05. Whereas in agroforestry system P2 showed the best result. At 120DPI the highest GY (14.37qha-1), BY(16.27qha-1), HI (88.29) and1000grain yield (36g) was observed in P2 strain in agroforestry system. Whereas in open cultivation system GY (13.27qha-1), BY(15.06qha-1), HI (88.1) and 1000grain yield (33.33g) was shown by CNS. The highest NPKcontent in soil during open field cultivation was observed in CNS (37.30%,0.44% and 1.63%) and in agroforestry system the maximum response was observed in P2 (38.09%, 0.482% and 1.69%) as compared to uninoculated control. In open system the highest protein and carbohydrates content were found in CNS10.82% and 2.603% whereas in agroforestry system P2 showed the highest response 12.52% and 2.93%. To assess the impact of PSB on wheat seed germination the in vivo seed germination assay was performed in which P2 treated seeds showed significantly higher seed shoot length (SL) crawling as compared to untreated wheat seedling. Overall while comparing both the systems the best results were obtained in agroforestry system as compared to open field cultivation.
Open Access
Postharvest disease management of Guava caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. And Sacc.
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-09) Singh, Himanshi; Singh, Himanshi; Singh, K.P.; Singh, K.P.
Guava anthracnose caused by {Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc.) is one of the most destructive post harvest disease in India causing huge economic losses during transit and storage at market level. In Uttarakhand, the disease showed an increasing trend in all the fruit markets from 2021 to 2022.The disease severity of anthracnose in different locations in Uttarakhand market varied from 5.20 to 26.50percent. The highest mean disease incidence ranged from 15 to 50 percent was observed in both of the year. The disease was more severe in Dehradun and least in Lalkuan (Nainital) district. Biochemical changes in guava like total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid, sugars, total flavonoids content, phenolic content, antioxidants were recorded under each treatment overa storage period of 12 days. Chitosan (1.5%), calcium chloride (1.50% and 2.50%) and Aloe veral: l gel treatment was most effective in maintaining shelf life, enhancing biochemical quality and in reducing postharvest losses in guava fruits. Among the post harvest dip treatment of fungicides, Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin at 0.15 per cent concentration was found most effective in respect of checking the anthracnose severity development in treated fruits of guava cv. L- 49.Antagonistsevaluations revealed that the Trichoderma +Pseudomonas fiuorescens at 15 g/1 concentration was found promising against the pathogen in reducing severity (79.70%) in guava. In addition the activity of inorganic salts, Calcium chloride at 2.50percentwas found highly effective in reducing disease severity (72.24%) over check. Among the plant extracts Aloe vera (1:3) was found to be the best in checking the severity of anthracnose providing (56.13%) reduction over check. Zinc oxide (0.50%) was found to be more effective among all the nano particles in reducing the disease severity. Hot water treatment at 57°C was found effective than UV irradiation showing least disease severity. Among the elicitors Salicylic acid at 2mM concentration was found to be most effective in reducing disease severity in cv. L-49 during storage. Our results suggested that susceptibility of guava cv. L-49 to anthracnose during storage is dependent on the high temperature which favours the attack of fungal pathogens causing post harvest anthracnose. Further our results indicate that effective management strategy helps in reduction of anthracnose disease as well as maintains quality of fruit.
Open Access
Impact of foliar nutrition on wheat quality and agronomic traits in tarai region of Uttarakhand
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Suraj Kumar; Kesarwani, Amit
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre in Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to evaluate the effect of foliar nutrient application on wheat quality and yield in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. The soil of the experiment site was sandy loam in texture having medium organic carbon content (0.79%), low available nitrogen (166.8 kg/ha), medium available phosphorus (14.9 kg/ha) and low available potassium (167.3 kg/ha). The experiment consisted six foliar nutrition treatments viz. 2% elemental sulphur, 2% urea, 0.5% Zn EDTA, 1% KCl, a combination of S + N + Zn + K and without foliar spray treatment. The four wheat varieties used in the experiments were HD 3226, HI 1544, DBW 187 and PBW 1 Zn. The foliar application was done at stem elongation and milking stage. The experiment was laid in strip plot design with three replications. The sowing was done on 21st of November at 20 cm row spacing with recommended practices of wheat cultivation and seed rate of 100 kg/ha. The result indicated that 2% urea spray led to a significant increase in plant height, tiller count and dry matter accumulation, SPAD values and chlorophyll content compared to other treatments. Morever higher grain, straw and biological yield with good economic return was recorded with 0.5% EDTA compared to rest of the treatments which can be attributed to better crop response to zinc at milking stage. However, 2% urea achieved higher BC ratio compared to 0.5% EDTA due to low cost incurred in urea treatment. Among varieties, DBW 187 recorded significantly higher tiller count, dry matter accumulation, number of spikes/ m², grain yield, net return and BC ratio because of its higher yield potential and better response to foliar nutrition. PBW 1 Zn recorded higher SPAD values and chlorophyll due to more plant nitrogen content. Nitrogen and phosphorus content in grain and straw were higher in 2% urea treatment followed by 0.5% Zn EDTA treatment but K content and S content were significantly higher in 0.5% KCl and 2% elemental S treatment respectively. Zn content was significantly higher in 0.5% Zn EDTA treatment followed by 2% urea. Foliar application of nutrients particularly urea and zinc increased nutrient content in wheat crop. The amount of N, P, K and S content in grain and straw in varieties followed similar trend however, PBW 1 Zn being a zinc fortified variety reported highest Zn content in grain. Grain protein content was highest in 2% urea treatment and variety PBW 1 Zn as a result of higher grain nitrogen content. Sedimentation value and hectolitre weight was statistically similar for all treatments except no foliar spray. HD 3226 had higher sedimentation value and hectolitre weight indicating strong wheat flour with good gluten content, higher flour yield and starch content. It can thus be concluded that application of 2% urea and 0.5% Zn EDTA led to statistically greater growth, grain yield, grain quality, nutrient content, net return and benefit-cost ratio at stem elongation and milking stage compared to other treatments. DBW 187 recorded significantly higher grain yield, net return and BC ratio. Grain quality was higher in HD 3226 followed by PBW 1 Zn and DBW 187.
Open Access
(n, d) reaction cross-section for materials of interest in fusion technology
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-08) Sati, Tanmay; Pandey, Bhawna
Neutron induced cross-sections in the energy range up to 20 MeV play a very important role for the design and functional operation of the fission, fusion and accelerator driven reactor. Neutrons of average energy 14.1 MeV is emitted in the D-T fusion reaction and these neutrons can react with the reactors structural material and thus there is a need to study the neutron induced reactions. The neutron interaction cross-section data in the energy range below 20 MeV is of importance for shielding design, structural materials damage studies, reactor safety, designing of next generation D-T reactors and in the management of nuclear waste. The candidate structural material for the critical components of the fusion reactor is stainless steel with Ni, Fe and Cr as the main constituents. The present study consists of the calculation of cross-section, differential crosssection. (DX) and double differential cross-section (DDX) for the isotopes of Nickel (58,60Ni); Iron (54,56Fe) and Chromium (50,52Cr) below 20 MeV using TALYS-1.9. The obtained cross-sections data are then compared with the data from nuclear data libraries (EXFOR, ENDF, JEFF, JENDL and TENDL). The contributions of direct, stripping, pre-equilibrium and compound reactions mechanism to the total cross-section for the (n, d) reaction is studied.
Open Access
Assessment and characterization of microplastics in Gaula river
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-08) Sheikh Shifa; Saraswat, Shweta
Plastic pollution is presently a serious environmental threat and microplastics are plastic fragments that are less than 5 mm in size which created bigger environmental threat because of their small size. This research work highlighted the assessment and characterization of microplastics in Gaula River. A few methods suitable for sampling them are sieving, filtration, visual sorting, digesting, and density separation. The FTIR characterized different type of microplastics in both the upstream and downstream samples such as polyethene (PE), Poly vinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene(PP), polystyrene(PS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyamide (PA). According to SEM images, majority of microplastics in both upstream and downstream were fibers followed by fragments, films and pellets and the size of the microplastics were found to be in the range of 30-100 μm (0.03-0.1 mm). Fiber was the dominant shape. EDS for microplastics in upstream and downstream represented additional peaks for carbon and oxygen along with the peaks of other elements. The elements C is significant component of polymers and the occurrence of its peaks confirms the presence of microplastic. While SEM-EDS and FTIR were the identifying techniques applied in this research work, there is still a need and space for the development of more practical and accessible methods. The assessment and characterization of microplastics was done in Gaula River and the presence of microplastics was confirmed in both upstream and downstream sites and the number of microplastic particles was found to be higher in downstream site than upstream site.
Open Access
Postharvest disease management of guava caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) penz. and sacc.
(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-09) Singh, Himanshi; Singh, K.P.
Guava anthracnose caused by (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc.) is one of the most destructive post harvest disease in India causing huge economic losses during transit and storage at market level. In Uttarakhand, the disease showed an increasing trend in all the fruit markets from 2021 to 2022.The disease severity of anthracnose in different locations in Uttarakhand market varied from 5.20 to 26.50percent. The highest mean disease incidence ranged from 15 to 50 percent was observed in both of the year. The disease was more severe in Dehradun and least in Lalkuan (Nainital) district. Biochemical changes in guava like total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid, sugars, total flavonoids content, phenolic content, antioxidants were recorded under each treatment overa storage period of 12 days. Chitosan (1.5%), calcium chloride (1.50% and 2.50%) and Aloe vera1:1 gel treatment was most effective in maintaining shelf life, enhancing biochemical quality and in reducing postharvest losses in guava fruits. Among the post harvest dip treatment of fungicides, Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin at 0.15 per cent concentration was found most effective in respect of checking the anthracnose severity development in treated fruits of guava cv. L- 49.Antagonistsevaluations revealed that the Trichoderma +Pseudomonas fluorescens at 15 g/l concentration was found promising against the pathogen in reducing severity (79.70%) in guava. In addition the activity of inorganic salts, Calcium chloride at 2.50percentwas found highly effective in reducing disease severity (72.24%) over check. Among the plant extracts Aloe vera (1:3) was found to be the best in checking the severity of anthracnose providing (56.13%) reduction over check. Zinc oxide (0.50%) was found to be more effective among all the nano particles in reducing the disease severity. Hot water treatment at 57ºC was found effective than UV irradiation showing least disease severity. Among the elicitors Salicylic acid at 2mM concentration was found to be most effective in reducing disease severity in cv. L-49 during storage. Our results suggested that susceptibility of guava cv. L-49 to anthracnose during storage is dependent on the high temperature which favours the attack of fungal pathogens causing post harvest anthracnose. Further our results indicate that effective management strategy helps in reduction of anthracnose disease as well as maintains quality of fruit.

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Rating Count

Search Results