Comparative study on nutritional composition of raw and germinated quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) flour and development of ready-to-eat (RTE) snack
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Date
2022-09
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G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium Willd.) is a gluten-free nutrient-dense pseudocereal. In the present study, quinoa was germinated to observe its effect on physical and functional properties, nutritional and antinutritional content and total antioxidant activity. The results showed that germinated quinoa possessed good functional properties like water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsion capacity and stability, foaming capacity and foam stability, which are beneficial in product development. Proximate analysis revealed that the crude protein and crude fiber content of germinated quinoa flour (13.6 and 7.16%) was higher than raw quinoa flour (13.4 and 4.01%). Moisture, total ash, crude fat and carbohydrate content of raw quinoa flour (11.01, 2.22, 5.2, and 64.15%) was higher than germinated quinoa flour (9.03, 1.55, 4.3 and 64.34%). Data on mineral composition revealed that germination of quinoa led to significant increase of 49, 33.87, 18.38 and 13% in iron, calcium, potassium and phosphorus, respectively. Dietary fiber and in-vitro protein digestibility of germinated quinoa flour was significantly higher than raw quinoa flour. The findings showed that all antinutritional factors decreased significantly on germination while antioxidant activity increased. Among the different combinations of whole wheat flour and quinoa flour for developing waffles, the waffles developed with 100% raw quinoa flour and 60% germinated quinoa flour were found most acceptable on the basis of sensory evaluation. One serving of 100% raw quinoa flour waffles and 60% germinated quinoa flour waffles provided around 9-13 % of RDA of energy and 17-26 % of RDA of protein for children of age 7-12 years. Therefore, it can be concluded that this nutrient-dense snack can be considered a healthy alternative in the fast changing world, where lifestyle disorders, especially in the children are becoming a major problem