Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 721

Open Access
Effect of manual and chemical methods of weed management on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-06) Lavlesh; Manoj Raghav
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the “Effect of manual and chemical methods of weed management on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)” at Vegetable Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during rabi season of 2014-2015. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design consisting of seven treatments replicated thrice. During the study, observations on per cent emergence, plant height, number of haulms per hill, fresh and dry weight of weeds, number of monocot, dicot and total number of weeds at 30, 45, 60 days after planting (DAP) and at de-haulming stage, fresh and dry weight of plants at de-haulming stage were recorded. In addition, grade wise number and weight of tubers per plot and per hectare, total number of tubers and total tuber yield per hectare, marketable yield per hectare, harvest index, dry matter content, protein content and specific gravity of tubers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash uptake by haulm, tuber, plant and weeds were also recorded. Besides this, to assess the profitability of treatments, cost of cultivation, net profit and benefit: cost ratio were also worked out. The findings of present investigation revealed that performance of potato crop was significantly influenced by different weed control treatments. Among all treatments, herbicide metribuzin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha pre emergence (T6) was found best with respect to overall plant growth, yield and quality parameters with a total yield (305.43 q/ha), net return (`147497.36) and benefit: cost ratio (1.93). Based on overall performance, it could be concluded that under prevalent climatic conditions of Uttarakhand tarai region, herbicide metribuzin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha pre emergence is the best in terms of higher and economic yield of potato. Hence, recommended for commercial cultivation, provided all other scientific management practices are followed.
Open Access
Standardization of floral preservatives for storage and vase life enhancement of Gladiolus grandiflorus var. Nova Lux
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-06) Belwal, Sheeba; Bhuj, B.D.
Present investigation was carried out during 2018-19 at Model Floriculture Centre and Department of Horticulture at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar Uttarakhand. The objective of the investigation was to study the effects of various floral preservatives on storage as well as vase life of Gladiolus grandiflorus var. Nova Lux which followed a completely randomized design in laboratory conditions. The experiment had thirteen treatment combinations of sucrose, 8 Hydroxy quinoline citrate (8-HQC) and AgNO3. Three replications were given per treatment which intrinsically followed 3 further replications. The influence of floral preservatives showed statistically significant results for various floral characters such as floret diameter, longevity, spike length, preservative uptake, floret opening percentage, blooming period etc. over the control. For storage life, the optimum treatment combination recorded as per the data analyzed is found to be of T2 (sucrose 3%) of 15.44 days over the control showing 10.29 days. For vase life, the optimum treatment combination recorded as per the data analyzed is found to be of T8 (8-HQC 300 ppm, sucrose 6%) of 11.11 days over the control T1 showing vase life duration of 8.46 days.
Open Access
Identification of superior parents and crosses using combining ability analysis for improvement of yellow sarson (B. rapa var. yellow sarson)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Chaturvedi, Sameer; Pant, Usha
The present investigation entitled was conducted with the objective to estimate selection and variability parameters, to estimate the combining ability variances and their effects and toestimation of level of heterosis for different quantitative traits. The present study was conducted at NEB, CRC during rabi season 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experimental materials for the present investigation consisted of 40 F1’s, 10 lines as female and 4 testers as males. Data were subjected to appropriate statistical methods. Awide range of usable variability was present in the experimental material with respect to various characters. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficients of variability (PCV) was observed greater than genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) and environmental coefficient of variability (ECV) for all the characters under studied. High estimates of heritability were observed in most of trait. Highest heritability was observed in seed/siliqua (94.30%), followed by seed yield per plant (90.61%) and number of primary branches/plant (84.59%). The traits having high heritability with high genetic advance were observed in seed yield/plant (32.34%), seed/siliqua (29.12%) and number of primary branches/plant (21.70%). The ANOVA showed that mean sum of squares due to treatments were highly significant.Parents as well as crosses were highly variable for all the traits. However, variance due to parents vs crosses for all the characters barring length main raceme and 1000-seed weight. Partitioning of variances due to crosses into lines, testers and line × tester revealed that variances due to lines were significant for all the characters except number of primary branches per plant and oil content while variances due to testers were significant for siliqua length, seeds per siliqua and test weight. Variances due to interaction were significant for all the characters.Combining ability analysis illustrated that the estimate of 𝜎2 sca was higher than 𝜎2 gcafor all the traits studied. The average degree of dominance was also in the range of over dominance for all the traits except siliqua length. Heritability in narrow sense (h2 n) was low for all the traits which further substantiated the prevalence of non-additive gene action in the expression of traits.Based on estimates of desirable GCA effects, B-9 was identified as good general combiner for days to maturity. For Plant height and siliqua density, Jhumka was the best parent to contribute in desirable direction. NDYS116, NDYS-128, NDYS-2018 and NDYS-132 were the best parent for length of main raceme, siliquae on main raceme and siliqua length respectively. For number of seeds per siliqua and seed yield per plant YS-166 was emerged as best parent with desirable significant effect. Jhumka × NDYS-113 (-3.63*) for days to maturity, NDYS-115 × Pusa Gold (- 15.79**) for plant height, NDYS-107×PPS-1 (7.32**) for length of main raceme, B-9×Pusa Gold (6.10**) for silquae on main raceme, NDYS-107 × PPS-1 (1.84**) for primary branches plant, NRCYS-05-02 × Pusa Gold (0.44*) for siliqua length, NRCYS-05-02 × Pusa Gold (4.98**) for seeds per siliqua, NDYS-128 × PPS-1 (2.02**) for seed yield per plant, NDYS-107 × NRCYS-05-01 (0.42**) for test weight and YS-166 × NDYS-113 (2.12**) for oil content expressed highest SCA effects in desirable direction.The superior crosses identified based on their SCA effects for yield as well as oil content were having G × G, G × P, G×A, A×P or P × P GCA parents. These results indicate the operation of additive × additive, additive × dominance, dominance× dominance gene interactions for expression of these traits.The contribution of interaction was higher as compare to lines and testers for all the traits excluding days to maturity, length of main raceme, siliquae on main raceme, siliqua length, seeds per siliqua and 1000-seed weight.Regarding heterosis for days to maturity, NDYS-2018×NDYS-113 (12.21**) showed maximum better parent heterosis. Highest relative heterosis was noticed in NDYS-2018 × Pusa Gold (-11.62**) whereas, B-9 × PPS-1(- 8.65**) expressed maximum economic heterosis. NDYS-115 × Pusa Gold (-15.69**, -15.85**) possessed highest estimates of heterobeltiosis and mid parent heterosis while NDYS-2018×NRCYS-05-01 (-9.65**) was the best cross in respect of economic heterosis for plant height. For seed yield cross Jhumka × NDYS-113 (52.36**, 65.34**) showed maximum heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis while maximum economic heterosis was registered in NDYS-128 × PPS-1 (41.54**). In test weight maximum heterosis over better parent was found in NDYS-128 × NDYS-113 (24.47**) and highest estimates of relative and economic heterosis was possessed by NDYS-132 × NDYS-113 (25.18**, 22.29**) respectively. A single cross YS-166 × NDYS-113 (7.57**, 7.74**, 8.40**) showed maximum heterobeltiosis, relative heterosis and economic heterosis for oil content. From the present investigation involvement of non-additive genetic variance for most of the characters was reflected, so maintenance of heterozygosity or restoring it at the end of the breeding programme is suggested. Potential parents and crosses have been identified based on relevant multiple parameters. By utilizing these parents and cross combinations maximum gain can be achieved in yellow sarson by adopting most appropriate breeding strategies.
Open Access
Comparative expression analysis of defense-related genes in both wild and transgenic Brassica juncea (var.) Varuna harboring mapk3 gene in response to infection by Albugo candida
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-05) Modak, Annayasa; Gohar Taj
Mustard and Rapeseed are the third leading source of vegetable oil in the world after soybean and oil palm. According to Department of Agriculture & Farmers welfare 2017-2018 annual production of Rapeseed and mustard is 75.40 Lakh tones. Production in India is still not enough to meet the domestic requirement. The potential yield of Brassica is very high but there is a wide gap between the potential and realized yield of Brassica and it is largely because of biotic & abiotic stresses. White rust is one of the most important disease of Brassica and it is caused by pathogen Albugo candida.Even 60% reduction in yield of Brassica juncea is due to its high susceptibility to white rust. Plants defend themselves against most potent pathogens through various defense mechanisms. Activation of MAPK signalling cascade is one of major defense pathways by which extracellular stimuli are transduced into intracellular responses in all the eukaryotes. MAPK cascade also play key role in regulation of various defense related genes in response to pathogens. Therefore our investigation was to analyse expression level of potential MAPK cascade and defense related genes in wild and transgenic Brassica juncea (var.) Varuna harboring overexpressed MAPK3 gene to access tolerance against Albugo candida. Lower disease index in transgenic Brassica suggests its tolerance to Albugo candida. Higher expression level of MAPK6 than MAPK3 in the transgenic Brassica suggests that MAPK6 mimics a portion of MAPK3 signalling pathway and work in a direct cascade for production of defense related proteins. Overexpression of MAPK3 gene was observed in downregulating the expression of MAPK4 in transgenic Brassica juncea . The expression of WRKY33 and WRKY29 was also analysed in the present study. Expression levels of both WRKY33 and WRKY29 were found to be higher in transgenic plant overexpressing MAPK3. Expression of 3 Defense related genes (OASTL-B, ACD2, and CSD2) were found higher in transgenic plants horboring overexpressed MAPK3 gene & expression level of CYP20-3 was found higher in wild Brassica plant. The defense related genes (OASTL-B, ACD2, CSD2, and CYP20-3) were also subjected to In-silico study. Insilico study showed the Secondary structure, tertiary structure and putative phosphorylation sites of these 4 defense related genes & also derived protein-protein interaction of potential MAPKs cascade and WRKY (29, 33) with OASTL-B, ACD2, CSD2 & CYP20-3.
Open Access
Effect of long term application of fertilizer and crop residues on soil properties and crop yield under rice–wheat system in a mollisol
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-04) Negi, Jyoti; Singh, Ajeet Pratap
The present experiment “Effect of long term application of fertilizer and crop residues on soil properties and crop yield under rice-wheat system in a Mollisol” was carried out during kharif – rabi season of 2015-16 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment was laid in RBD and replicated four times with twelve treatments. The soil pH and EC ranged from 7.25 to 7.63, 0.27 to 0.33 dSm-1, respectively. Experimental findings indicated that application of chemical fertilizer with organic residues non-significantly influenced soil pH and EC. The content of organic carbon, available N, P, K, S and available micronutrient cations Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu improved significantly over the control. The content of organic carbon, N, P, K, S, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe ranged from 0.56 to 1.14%, 221.37 to 327.61 Kg ha-1, 14.04 to 26.46 Kg ha-1, 112.63 to 133.72 Kg ha-1, 16.88 to 30.42 mg kg-1, 0.57 to 2.95 mg kg-1, 1.97 to 5.41 mg kg-1, 4.64 to 7.75 mg kg-1 and 20.56 to 34.83 mg kg-1, respectively. The partial replacement of N through FYM, wheat straw and mung straw caused significant improvement in soil properties and crop yield. The grain yield of rice and wheat in the year 2015-2016 ranged from 2552.7 to 5700.7, 1850.0 to 4315.7 Kg ha-1, respectively. The partial replacement of N through FYM, wheat straw and mung straw caused significant improvement in soil properties and crop yield. The treatment where 50 per cent N was applied through FYM, 25 per cent through FYM, where 50 per cent N was applied through mung straw and 50 per cent through wheat straw were found best among all the treatments and improves soil properties, nutrient content as well as yield. The Farmyard manure and green gram straw were observed to be the best organic sources of N for substitution of chemical N, with respect to soil fertility and grain yield. It is concluded from this study that continuous use of crop residues in partial replacement of fertilizer significantly improved the soil properties, nutrient status of the soil and crop yield.
Open Access
Comparison of yield and yield attributes of wheat and barley under poplar based agroforestry system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-05) Soman, Divya; Tewari, Salil K.
The field experiment was carried out in Agroforestry Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand during the rabi season for 2016-17 to study the yield and yield attributes of wheat and barley under poplar based agroforestry system. Eight different treatments in poplar (poplars of different planting stocks) were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Wheat and barley crops were sown under poplar plantation and in open field. Growth parameters and yield attributes of wheat and barley significantly reduced in treatments of agroforestry system except T1 and T2 than the open system. Poplars of normal ETP origin and 2 years ETP origin outperformed the other treatments. Among different treatments of agroforestry biological yield was found highest in T1 plot (9101.67 kg/ha for wheat and 11907 kg/ha for barley), grain yield was found highest in T1 plot (3715 kg/ha for wheat and 3711.67 kg/ha for barley), straw yield was found highest in T1 plot (5386.67 kg/ha for wheat and 8196 kg/ha for barley). The average tree growth parameters viz., tree height, diameter at breast height and volume showed an increased trend during the period of study. Among different planting stocks T1 (1 year old ETP), T2 (2 years old ETP) and T7 (Cutting from ETP) were found at par with each other and significantly higher growth for height. Diameter and volume growth showed non-significant differences among the different planting stocks. Different soil parameters such as soil EC, organic carbon, available soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was higher under poplar based agroforestry system as compared to open farming system. Soil pH did not show significant difference among two farming systems. Thus, the study indicated that poplars of normal ETP and 2 years ETP origin should be incorporated in agroforestry system to improve the productivity and growth of crops under agroforestry.
Open Access
Phytochemical analysis and biological activity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-06) Singh, Anmol; Om Prakash
Zanthoxylum armatum was collected from Aadi Kailash region (Bhimtal), Nainital, Uttarakhand in the month of July, 2017. The essential oils were isolated from fresh bark and leaves by hydrodistillation using Clevenger’s apparatus. Extracts of bark and leaves obtained in organic solvents of different polarity were prepared. Essential oils and all extracts were analyzed by GC-MS for their phytochemical composition. The antioxidant assay was done by different methods viz; DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power activity and chelating activity of Fe+2. The anti-inflammatory activity was done by egg-albumin denaturation while, antibacterial activity was performed by well- diffusion method. The quantative analysis of extracts viz; total phenols, orthodihydric phenols and flavonoids were performed. The GC and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of α- pinene (33.9%), germacrene D (8.9%), E-caryophyllene (7.9%), α-cadinol (4.4%) as major compounds in bark essential oil while, in leaves essential oil 2-undecanone (61.2%), E-caryophyllene (6.9%), vinyl decanoate (4.2%), phytol (3.8%) could be identified as major compounds . However, fargsin; (+)-eudesmin; (+)- sesamin; linolenic acid; palmitic acid, trimethylsilyl; cis- 5,8,11- eicosatrienoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester; propylene glycol, TMS derivative; doxepin; (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxynonadecadiene and thujaplicatin, tri-o-methyl were found as major compounds in different extracts. The essential oil of Z. armatum leaves possessed maximum DPPH activity (IC50=14.94±0.11 μL); Z. armatum leaves essential oil showed maximum reducing power activity (RP50= 16.39±0.31 μL ); maximum chelating activity was shown by Z. armatum bark essential oil (IC50= 18.78±0.09 μL); Z. armatum leaves essential oil possessed maximum anti-inflammatory activity (IB50= 27.64±0.03 μL). Among the extracts, Z. armatum leaves methanolic extract showed maximum DPPH activity (IC50= 50.87±0.14 μg); Z. armatum leaves methanolic extract possessed maximum reducing power activity (RP50= 28.93±0.46 μg); Z. armatum leaves methanolic extract showed maximum chelating power activity (IC50= 19.42±0.07 μg) and Z. armatum leaves methanolic extract possessed maximum anti-inflammatory activity (IC50= 28.53±0.06 μg). Quantative analysis of total phenols, orthodihydric phenols and flavonoids ranged from (17.74±0.02 to 31.23±0.03 mg/g GAE), (3.34±0.01 to 26.69±0.05 mg/g CLE) and (47.63±0.14 to 77.18±0.06 mg/g CNE) in different extracts respectively. The essential oils and all extracts were found active against two pathogenic bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the above results it can be concluded that Zanthoxylum aramtum can be a good source of natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial after proper trials besides its academic importance.
Open Access
Periodic release of micronutrients and other ions from different organic amendments
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-05) Dey, Ahana; Srivastava, P.C.
A laboratory incubation study was conducted both in quartz sand and soil at Department of Soil Science, G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar to study the periodic release pattern of micronutrients and other ions from different organic amendments. Treatments consisted of Farmyard manure (FYM), Mushroom compost, Poultry manure, Vermicompost, Biogas slurry and Biochar each applied @ 15 t/ha along with control, in a two factorial completely randomized design with two replications. The experiment was carried out at room temp for 120 days. The present investigation revealed that application of organic amendments in soil did not show any significant effect on pH over control after the incubation period except vermicompost, which slightly increased soil pH. Irrespective of the type, all organic amendments increased electrical conductivity due to release of nutrient ions during their mineralization. Organic C level of soil improved due to addition of organic amendments. More or less periodic release of all the micronutrients and other ions in quartz sand was initially low till one month but increased afterwards. The release pattern from organic amendments mainly depended on their initial reaction and also on the ease of their decomposition. The release of all ions except- Ca, Mg and Cu mainly depended on their total content in organic amendments. The per cent release of nutrients from different organic amendments applied to quartz sand revealed that biochar could be a good source of Zn, Fe and Mn while, the poultry manure would be a good source of Cu, B, Mg and S. For P and K, FYM might serve as a promising source. For soil application, poultry manure was proved as a good source of Zn, Cu, Mn, B, P and K nutrients while, mushroom compost released more Ca and Mg. The farmyard manure and vermicompost were a plentiful source of S and Fe, respectively but in case of Fe none of the amendments in soil registered higher release over control.
Open Access
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2,3- diphenylquinoxaline, benzimidazole and 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Malik, Faisal; Kasana, Virendra
2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline, benzimidazole and 2,4,5-triaryl imidazole derivatives have been synthesized using new catalysts by mechanochemical method and under solvent free condition. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for seed germination inhibition activity. 2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of 1,2-diamine compounds and 1,2-diketones catalysed by two different catalysts sulfamic acid and lemon juice under solvent free condition .The compounds synthesized are 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline and 6-nitro-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline. Benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized by machanochemical method by the reaction of 1,2-diamine and benzaldehyde derivatives using sulfamic acid as a catalyst under solvent free condition . The compounds synthesized are 2-aryl benzimidazole, 2-(4-nitrophenyl) benzimidazole, 2-(2-nitrophenyl) benzimidazole, 2-(2-chlorophenyl) benzimidazole, 2-(3-methoxyphenyl) benzimidazole, 2-aryl-6-nitro benzimidazole and 2-(3-chlorophenyl) benzimidazole. 2,4,5-Trisubstituted imidazole derivatives were synthesized by reacting a mixture of benzaldehyde derivatives, benzil and ammonium acetate in the presence of calcium chloride dihydrate as a catalyst at 60 ˚C under solvent free condition . The synthesized compounds are 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H- imidazole, 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole and 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole. All the compounds were tested for seed germination inhibition activity against Radish Sativus L . At 50 ppm concentration, most of the compounds were found to exhibit insignificant activity In comparison to standard pendimethiline. At 200 ppm concentration, 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline, 2-aryl benzimidazole and 2,4,5-triphenyl imidazole were found to exhibit activity at par with standard pendimethiline. So these compounds may be explored for development of potential herbicides.

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results