Phytochemical analysis and biological activity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
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Date
2018-06
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum was collected from Aadi Kailash region (Bhimtal), Nainital, Uttarakhand in the month of July, 2017. The essential oils were isolated from fresh bark and leaves by hydrodistillation using Clevenger’s apparatus. Extracts of bark and leaves obtained in organic solvents of different polarity were prepared. Essential oils and all extracts were analyzed by GC-MS for their phytochemical composition. The antioxidant assay was done by different methods viz; DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power activity and chelating activity of Fe+2. The anti-inflammatory activity was done by egg-albumin denaturation while, antibacterial activity was performed by well- diffusion method. The quantative analysis of extracts viz; total phenols, orthodihydric phenols and flavonoids were performed. The GC and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of α- pinene (33.9%), germacrene D (8.9%), E-caryophyllene (7.9%), α-cadinol (4.4%) as major compounds in bark essential oil while, in leaves essential oil 2-undecanone (61.2%), E-caryophyllene (6.9%), vinyl decanoate (4.2%), phytol (3.8%) could be identified as major compounds . However, fargsin; (+)-eudesmin; (+)- sesamin; linolenic acid; palmitic acid, trimethylsilyl; cis- 5,8,11- eicosatrienoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester; propylene glycol, TMS derivative; doxepin; (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxynonadecadiene and thujaplicatin, tri-o-methyl were found as major compounds in different extracts. The essential oil of Z. armatum leaves possessed maximum DPPH activity (IC50=14.94±0.11 μL); Z. armatum leaves essential oil showed maximum reducing power activity (RP50= 16.39±0.31 μL ); maximum chelating activity was shown by Z. armatum bark essential oil (IC50= 18.78±0.09 μL); Z. armatum leaves essential oil possessed maximum anti-inflammatory activity (IB50= 27.64±0.03 μL). Among the extracts, Z. armatum leaves methanolic extract showed maximum DPPH activity (IC50= 50.87±0.14 μg); Z. armatum leaves methanolic extract possessed maximum reducing power activity (RP50= 28.93±0.46 μg); Z. armatum leaves methanolic extract showed maximum chelating power activity (IC50= 19.42±0.07 μg) and Z. armatum leaves methanolic extract possessed maximum anti-inflammatory activity (IC50= 28.53±0.06 μg). Quantative analysis of total phenols, orthodihydric phenols and flavonoids ranged from (17.74±0.02 to 31.23±0.03 mg/g GAE), (3.34±0.01 to 26.69±0.05 mg/g CLE) and (47.63±0.14 to 77.18±0.06 mg/g CNE) in different extracts respectively. The essential oils and all extracts were found active against two pathogenic bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the above results it can be concluded that Zanthoxylum aramtum can be a good source of natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial after proper trials besides its academic importance.
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