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2015 - 201754
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End date: 2017 × Start date: 2015 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative study on production performance of comb and crown ecotypes of uttara fowl
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Ansari, Vasim Akram; Anil Kumar
    A study was conducted to evaluate the production performance of 275 chicks of two ecotype viz., comb and crown which were obtained in six hatches at Instructional Poultry Farm of G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar. Body weight was recorded at four week interval from day old to 24th weeks of age. Among comb and crown ecotypes of Uttara fowl, comb male ecotypes showed maximum body weight gain (1780.18±34.69 g), followed by crown male (1699.43±33.49 g), while it was (1484.22±19.22 g) in crown female and minimum in comb female ecotypes (1389.12±18.85 g) among two ecotypes of Uttara fowl. The crown ecotype under study obtained early age at first egg (161.5±3.05 days), with body weight (1422.50±31.21g), whereas comb ecotypes attained age at first egg at later (171.05±2.18 days) with body weight (1350.40±35.35 g). The average egg production up to 72nd week of age in crown ecotypes of Uttara fowl (177.35±6.34 eggs) was found higher than the comb ecotypes of Uttara fowl (153.54±5.64 eggs). The average egg weight were recorded at first egg, 24th, 28th, 32nd, 36th, 40th, and 44th week of age in comb ecotypes were 34.85±0.47, 39.25±0.79, 42.80±0.40, 46.80±0.73, 50.50±0.59, 52.80±0.51 and 53.40±0.21 g, respectively. While corresponding values in crown ecotypes of Uttara fowl were reported as 37.05±0.93, 41.30±1.08, 44.80±0.79, 47.80±0.63, 51.40±0.68, 53.20±0.92 and 54.40±0.84 g, respectively. The mean values of egg weight (g), shell weight (g), shape index, haugh unit, albumen index, yolk index, yolk weight (g), shell thickness (mm), at 32nd weeks of age in comb and crown ecotypes of Uttarafowl were 46.80±0.73, 5.88±0.067, 73.64±0.19, 74.48±0.42, 0.080±0.002, 0.42±0.008, 13.20±0.32 and 0.38±0.028, respectively and 47.80±0.63, 6.16±0.10, 74.31±0.41, 75.20±0.55, 0.082±0.003, 0.44±0.01, 14.80±0.32 and 0.43±0.032, respectively. Thus on the basis of findings reported under study, it may be concluded that Uttara fowl has great scope in rural backyard poultry in Uttarakhand. Uttara fowl has potential to develop as dual purpose bird which can be achieved through intensive selection and breeding program.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological investigation and therapeutic evaluation of azadirachta indica in bovine subclinical mastitis
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Tripathi, Srijit; Arora, Niddhi
    During present study crossbred cows maintained at I.D.F., G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, were screened using California Mastitis Test. The prevalence was recorded cow wise, quarter wise, age wise, parity wise, lactation stage wise, lactation yield wise and quarter infection rate wise. In vitro antimicrobials susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates was determined and therapeutic efficacy of methanolic and hydromethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves were evaluated against bovine subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was recorded as cow (56.25%) and quarter (33.17%) wise with higher involvement of right hindquarters. The prevalence was highest (19.04%) in third parity and early stage (41.26%) of lactation. Microbiological examination revealed maximum involvement of Staphylococcus spp. (66.90%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (23.23%), E.coli. (02.81%) and mixed infection (07.04%) in SCM cows. During the study, antibiogram pattern revealed that in comparison to other antibiotics, enrofloxacin and cefotaxime were highly sensitive against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and E.coli. The cows of group III, IV and V showed significant decrease of CMT point score, pH value, TBC and SCC on day 15 and 30 in comparison to day 0. Milk fat, protein and lactose did not revealed any significant alteration on day 30 as compared to day 0 while milk SNF and total solids increased significantly on day 30 in comparison to day 0 in both the extract treated groups (IV and V). The CMT score, pH value, SCC, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage in groups IV and V were significantly higher on day 3 post treatment in comparison to group III which were comparable on day 7 and were normal by day 30 post treatment. The highest recovery 83.33% was recorded in SCM affected cows in group III followed by 66.66% in group IV and 50.00% in group IV. No adverse reaction and milk losses were observed in A. indica extracts treated groups during the period of treatment. On the basis of results of present investigation, the use of methanolic extract of A. indica may be recommended as an alternative to the antibiotic treatment for management of subclinical mastitis in cows.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative efficacy of madar (Calotropis procera) and Amprolium on coccidiosis in commercial broilers
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-05) Chauhan, Sakshi; Singh, Vidya Sagar
    Coccidiosis is one of the major harmful disease of universal importance in poultry. Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the comparative anticoccidial efficacy of madar leaf powder and amprolium supplementation against mixed Eimeria sp. infection. For the purpose, 168, day old broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups, with 2 replicates of 12 chicks each. Broilers of group I and II were provided unsupplemented diet. Broilers of group III and IV were provided 0.0125% amprolium supplemented diet, whereas broilers of group V and VI were provided diet supplemented with 0.2% madar leaf powder and broilers of group VII were provided 0.4% madar leaf powder supplemented diet. On 15th day of experiment, broilers of group II, IV, VI and VII were infected with 50,000 mixed Eimeria sp. sporulated oocysts. Experimenrt was conducted for 30 days period. Growth performance for pre-infection period indicated significant effect of 0.4% madar leaf powder on growth performance followed by 0.2% madar leaf powder. During post infection period coccidiosis caused significant reduction in growth performance in infected groups. Growth performance restoration was maximum in amprolium supplemented group, followed by 0.4% madar leaf powder and 0.2% madar leaf powder supplemented groups. Overall growth performance was non significantly different between infected amprolium supplemented and 0.4% madar leaf powder supplemented group, however 0.2% madar leaf powder supplemented group showed significant difference to amprolium supplemented group. Haematological parameters on 0 DPI and 15 DPI were non significant among all groups. On 5 and 10 DPI, Hb, PCV, TEC, MCH, MCHC, heterophils % and monocytes % were decreased, whereas MCV, TLC, lymphocytes % and eosinophils % were increased in infected groups than respective uninfected groups. Haematological variation due to coccidiosis was maximum in control infected group. Maximum restoration of normal parameters was observed in amprolium supplemented group followed by 0.4% and 0.2% madar leaf powder supplemented group. Parasitological parameters in terms of percent faecal score, percent survival, percent weight gain, performance index, average oocyst production, percent reduction in oocyst production, average oocyst index, average lesion score, percent protection against lesion, global index and percent global index clearly indicated maximum anticoccidial effect of amprolium, however anticoccidial effect of 0.4% as well as 0.2% madar leaf powder was also comparable to amprolium. All supplementations showed very good efficacy against coccidiosis as indicated by percent global index. Carcass traits as dressed yield % and organ weight % were significantly higher in 0.4% as well as 0.2% madar leaf powder supplemented groups followed by amprolium supplemented and non supplemented groups. Difference in the dressed yield % among respective infected and uninfected groups was restored on 10 and 15 DPI, but organ weights % were significantly higher in broilers of respective infected groups than uninfected groups on 5, 10 and 15 DPI. Histopathological changes revealed maximum degenerative changes and presence of maximum parasitic stages as second generation schizonts, macrogametocyte and oocysts on 5, 10 and 15 DPI in caeca of control infected group whereas minimum deviation in caecal architecture was noticed in amprolium supplemented group and parasitic stages were absent on 10 and 15 DPI. 0.4% as well as 0.2% madar leaf powder supplemented group also had significantly lower architectural changes than control infected group and parasitic stages were absent on 15 DPI. From the results of present study it can be concluded that madar (Calotropis procera) leaf powder supplementation had anticoccidial efficacy comparable to amprolium supplementation and further research is needed to evaluate the coccidiosis curative property of madar leaf powder.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of feeding dried neem (Azadirachta indica) and kadipatta (Murraya koenigii) leaf powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits and haemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chicken
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Khulbey, Ravi; Ashoka Kumar
    A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation of neem and kadipatta leaf powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits and haemato- biochemical parameters in commercial broilers. A total of 120, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 6 treatment groups with 2 replicates each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet whereas in treatment group T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, basal diet was supplemented with leaf powder as 0.2% neem, 0.2% kadipatta, 0.1% kadipatta plus 0.3% neem, 0.3% kadipatta plus 0.1% neem and 0.2% kadipatta plus 0.2% neem, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 22-42 days (finisher phase). Feed intake and body weight changes in broiler chicks were recorded at weakly intervals and a metabolism trial of 4 days collection period was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial. Meat quality analysis viz, cut up parts, dressing percentage, organ weight, processing losses and chemical composition was determined at 6th week of feeding trials. Blood haemato-biochemical analysis as well as shear force values were performed at the end of experiment. During the starter phase, the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment group T6 (708.64 g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment groups T1 (690.27 g), T2 (694.99 g) T3 (684.28 g), T4 (665.29 g) and T5 (670.15). During 22- 42 days (finisher phase), the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment group T6 (1500.46 g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment groups T1 (1286.63 g), T2 (1439.11 g) T3 (1335.53 g), T4 (1316.81 g) and T5 (1418.05 g). FCR and Performance index were improved in broiler chicks of treatment groups T6. During whole experimental period (0-42 days), supplementation of 0.2% kadipatta plus 0.2% neem leaf powder improved broiler performance in terms of feed intake, body weight gain, FCR and performance index. Final body weight was recorded highest in T6 (2209.10 g) followed by T2 (2134.10 g), T5 (2088.20 g), T3 (2019.61), T4 (1982.10) and lowest in T1 (1976.90 g). Nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber was significantly (P<0.05) improved in broilers fed diet supplemented with 0.2% kadipatta plus 0.2% neem leaf powder (T6). Composition of breast and thigh muscles showed significant (P<0.05) difference in supplemented group as compared to control. Significant (P<0.05) difference were observed in Hb, PCV and TEC in broilers of supplemented groups. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol and glucose were recorded in broilers of treatment groups, whereas, there was no significant difference in albumin, globulin. Significant (P<0.05) increase in serum total protein were recorded in broilers of treatment groups. Serum enzymes activity viz.,SGPT and SGOT showed significant difference (P<0.05) among the broilers of different treatments as compared to control. It is concluded that 0.2 % kadipatta plus 0.2% neem leaf powder in the diet of broilers improved growth performance, nutrient utilization, increase Hb, PCV, TEC or total serum protein and reduced serum cholesterol, serum glucose or serum enzymes which in turn is beneficial and can be recommended for improving performance of broiler chicken.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of nucleotides supplementation on production, hematological and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicken
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Fonia, Navneet; Singh, C.B.
    In the present investigation, experimental trial was conducted on 120, day old broiler chicks (cobb strain) for a period of 6 weeks, to study the effect of nucleotides supplementation on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat composition, hematological, certain serum biochemical and health status related parameters. In the investigation, experimental broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4), each group having three replications consisting of ten broiler chicks each. The different groups were supplemented with nucleotides @ 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 per cent in the experiment. Growth parameters were studied at weekly intervals as well as for starter (I-III week), finisher (IV -VI week) and overall periods (I-VI week). At the end of experiment on 42nd day, two broiler chickens from each replicate (six broiler chickens/treatment) were randomly slaughtered for carcass yield, yield of cut up parts, organ weights, processing losses, and carcass composition. Representative blood samples were also collected for study of hemato-biochemical parameters. The results of the experiment indicated that dietary inclusion of nucleotides in broiler chickens increased body weight gain, reduced feed intake, improved feed conversion ratio and performance index significantly (P<0.05), with best performance during all the periods was noted in group supplemented with 0.03 per cent of nucleotides. The dressed yield with and without giblet were not affected by nucleotide supplementation. Thigh, breast, drumstick, neck and wing muscles weight were significantly higher due to supplementation of nucleotides. Weight of back muscles were significantly (P<0.05) increased in 0.03 per cent nucleotide supplemented group. Nucleotides supplementation significantly improved the liver and gizzard weight. Heart weight and processing losses were not affected by nucleotides supplementation. Fat content of the thigh and breast muscles were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by nucleotides supplementation. However, moisture, crude protein and total ash content of thigh and breast muscles were not affected. Hematological parameters such as TEC, TLC, PCV, Hb, MCH and MCHC values showed significant impact of nucleotides supplementation. Decreased concentration of serum glucose, serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides whereas increased concentration of HDL cholesterol were noticed in nucleotides supplemented groups. Protein profile showed significant improvement in total protein, albumin and globulin with nucleotides supplementation. SGOT and SGPT contents showed non-significant impact of nucleotides supplementation in broiler chickens. From the results of present study it can be concluded that, dietary nucleotides supplementation at 0.03 per cent level may be advised to improve growth performance, serum protein profile, weight of different cut up parts, liver and gizzard weights, decrease in serum total cholesterol and lean meat production of broiler chickens.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Estimation of breeding values based on first lactation and herd life traits using different animal models in crossbred cattle
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-05) Lodhi, Geeta; Singh, C.V.
    The present investigation was carried on crossbred cattle maintained at Instructional Dairy farm of G.B. Pant university of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar .The data pertaining to 1003 crossbred cattle, progeny of 68 sires which was distributed over a period of 48 years from 1966 to 2010 cows with abnormal and incomplete records were excluded from the study. The following traits were considered for the present study i.e AFC, FLMY, FLP, FDP, FCI, FSP, LTMY, and LTLL. The Least Squares Mean of the traits under study were estimated as 1171.63 ± 21.94 days, 2642.45 ± 89.13 kg., 316.03 ± 5.38 days, 102.83 ± 6.32 days, 418.89 ± 7.23 days, 161.81 ± 9.04 days, 11648 .94 ± 737.87 kg and 1131.91 ± 62.21 days, respectively. The effect due to season of calving was observed to be non- significance on all the first lactation and lifetime traits .The effects due to period of calving were found to have significant influence on first service period ,while highly significant influence on AFC, LTMY and LTLL. However, non-significant influence were observed on FLMY, FLP, FDP and FCI, in contrast different genetic groups were found to have significant effect on AFC, FLMY, FLP and highly significant effect on LTMY, FSP and LTLL, while non- significant effects on FDP and FCI, respectively. Sire effects was highly significant on AFC, LTMY and significant on FLMY, FLP and FCI while non- significant effect on FDP. The heritability estimates for AFC, FLMY, FLP, FDP, FCI, FSP, LTMY and LTLL were observed as 0.24 ± 0.12, 0.34± 0.12, 0.188 ± 0.92.0.448 ± 0.13, 0.607± 0.13, and 0.756± 0.13 respectively. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between first lactation and lifetime traits were ranged from low to high. The estimated breeding values of sires estimated for age at first calving, first lactation milk yield and lifetime lactation length by LSM showed small genetic variance in compare to D, BLUP, REML and DFREML methods. While for FLP, FDP, FCI, FSP and LTMY, BLUP showed small genetic variance in compare to D, LSM, REML methods, therefore LSM and BLUP was considered as the most efficient methods out of all four methods of sire evaluation used in the present study. The product moment correlations ranged from 0.522 (BLUP with LSM) to 0.960 (BLUP with REML) and rank correlations ranged from 0.566 (LSM with BLUP) to 0.956 (BLUP with REML) respectively. The rank of sires for different sire evaluation methods revealed that 4-5% of top sires almost had similar rank for all the methods. These results suggested that for improvement of lifetime productivity of animals, sires should be selected on the basis of their Daughter’s first lactation milk yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Incidence, etiology, treatment and recovery of dystocia in bovines
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Rana, Devendra Singh; Gupta, H.P.
    The present study was designed to study the incidence of dystocia in various reproductive disorders present in bovines in Tarai region of Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital districts of Uttarakhand. , which indicated 14.62 % incidence of the dystocia in the study area. Also to study the physiological, hematological and biochemical changes occurred in dystocia cases of cows and buffaloes immediately before and after the correction through various methods like caesarean operation, traction, fetotomy, rolling plus traction, rolling plus hormonal and hormonal. In cattle, the maximum of incidence of dystocia was recorded in winter season followed by summer and rainy season. However, in buffaloes, the maximum incidence of dystocia was recorded during rainy season followed by summer and winter season. In present study, total 37 cases of dystocia were recorded. Out of these, 7 cases were corrected through caesarean section, 5 cases corrected through fetotomy, 5 cases corrected through traction, 10 cases corrected through rolling plus traction, 5 cases corrected through rolling plus hormonal and 5 cases corrected through hormonal method. By applying these techniques in dystocia affected animals, 25(67.57%) males and 12 females (32.43%) calves were delivered. Out of which, 13(35.13%) live and 24 (64.86%) dead calves were found. In dystocia, physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters variations were recorded before and after the correction of dystocia in animals. The physiological status of the animal assessed through rectal temperature, heart rate, pulse rate and respiration rate. The hematological and biochemical parameters analyzed in our study were TEC, TLC, Hemoglobin, PCV, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil total protein, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol, cortisol, BUN, ALT, AST, and creatinine. The cortisol was significantly higher during before and after the correction in all the groups. Glucose was significantly higher during before and after the correction of dystocia with rolling plus traction, rolling plus hormonal and hormonal methods. ALT and AST was significantly higher in traction and rolling plus hormonal methods of correction. The value of creatinine significantly lower before the correction of dystocia.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome powder as feed additive on performance of commercial broiler chickens
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Bhadruriya, Mohit Kumar Singh; Ashoka Kumar
    A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation of ground fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) seeds and turmeric (Curcuma longa)rhizome powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, haemato-biochemical parameters, carcass traits and sensory evaluation in commercial broilers. A total of 100, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups with 2 replicates each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet without any supplementation, whereas in treatment group T2, T3, T4 and T5,basal diet was supplemented with 1.0% fenugreek seed, 0.5% turmeric rhizome, 1.0% fenugreek plus 0.5% turmeric and 0.5% fenugreek plus 0.25% turmeric,respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 2242 days (finisher phase). Feed intake and body weight changes in broiler chicks were recorded at weekly intervals and a metabolism trial of 3 days collection period was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters. Results of trail indicate that during the starter phase (0-21 days), the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment group T4 (673.70 g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment groups T1 (626.40g), T2 (647.30g)and T3 (646.10g). There was no significant difference in body weight gain between T4and T5. During 22- 42 days (finisher phase), the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment group T4 (1300.30g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment groups T1 (1089.80g), T2 (1170.90g) and T3 (1213.00g). There was no significant difference in body weight gain between T4 and T5.FCR and performance index were improved in broiler chicks of treatment groups T4and T5. During whole experimental period (0-42 days),supplementation of fenugreek seed plus turmeric rhizome powder improved broiler performance in terms of feed intake, body weight gain, FCR and performance index. The average cumulative body weight was 1759.00, 1861.14, 1902.00, 2052.20 and 2006.80g in broiler chicks of treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively and differed significantly (P<0.05) among different groups. Nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, crude protein andcrude fatwas significantly (P<0.05) improved in broilers fed diet supplemented with fenugreek seed and turmeric rhizome powderas compared to control. There was significant (P<0.05) improvement in protein content and reduction in fat content of breast and thigh muscles. Significant (P<0.05) difference were observed in haemoglobinand packed cell volume in broilers of supplemented groups. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and glucose level were recorded in broilers of treatment groups. Whereas, there was non-significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, globulin level.Serum enzymes activity viz., ALP, SGPT and SGOT showed non-significant difference among the broilers of treatmentgroups. It is concluded that incorporation of 0.5% fenugreek plus 0.25% turmeric rhizome powder in basal diet of broilers improved growth performance, nutrient utilization, increase haemoglobin,packed cell volumeand reduced serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum glucose level,along with increased amount of protein and decreased fat content in thigh muscle. which in turn is beneficial in producing the designer meat in broiler chickens.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on evaluation of some phytoacaricides against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Vijay Kumar; Vatsya, Stuti
    A study was under taken with objective of detecting synthetic pyrethroid resistance (deltamethrin concentrations- 0.0003125%, 0.000625%, 0.00125%, 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.01% and 0.02%-each tested in triplicate) in R. microplus using two in vitro laboratory bioassays namely Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and Larval Packet Test (LPT) collected from different parts of Uttarakhand state {Nainital (Bindu Khatta, Patwadangar, Halduchor), Udham Singh Nagar (Saanp Katani Khatta, Pantnagar Dairy, Nehru Colony, Sitarganj), Pithoragarh (Bin) and Uttarkashi} to generate a baseline data and Azadirachta and Eucalyptus plants were screened for acaricidal activity. The susceptible tick population collected from Bindu Khatta, Nainital displayed an LC50 of 0.00075% Active Ingredient (A.I.) [Confidence Interval (C.I.) 95% 0.0006-0.0009] and LC99 of 0.00533% (C.I. 95% 0.0034-0.0112) in AIT bioassay. The R. microplus population from Nehru colony exhibited the highest LC50 of 0.03192%, (CI 95% 0.0188-0.1026%) followed by Pithoragarh (0.00526%, CI 95% 0.0036-0.0083%), Pantnagar dairy (0.00514%, CI 95% 0.0036-0.0080%), Sitarganj (0.00376%, CI 95% 0.0025-0.0061%), Halduchor (0.00337% CI 95% 0.0025-0.0047%), Saanp Katani Khatta (0.00189% CI 95% 0.0013-0.0026%), Nainital (Patwadangar) (0.00177% CI 95% 0.0012-0.0025%) and Uttarkashi (0.00088%, CI 95% 0.0007-0.0011). The R2 values of 0.994, 0.991, 0.978, 0.974, 0.973, 0.964, 0.962, 0.952 and 0.877 were detected in Bindu Khatta, Uttarkashi, Pithoragarh, Pantnagar Dairy, Nehru colony, Nainital, Halduchor, Sitarganj, and Saanp Katani Khatta populations, respectively. The Nehru colony population of ticks had the highest resistance factor (RF) of 42.55, whereas the Pithoragarh and Pantnagar dairy populations had RF values of 7.01 and 6.85, respectively; Sitarganj, Halduchor, Saanp Katani Khatta and Nainital tick populations were 5.01, 4.49, 2.52, and 2.36 times resistant, respectively. Level IV resistance was found in Nehru colony tick population; level II in Pithoragarh, Pantnagar Dairy, Sitarganj and level I in Halduchor, Saanp Katani Khatta and Nainital R. microplus populations. The population of ticks collected from Uttarkashi and Bindu Khatta were found susceptible to deltamethrin. In LPT bioassay, an LC50 of 0.00074% A. I. (C.I. 95% 0.0005-0.0010) was observed for the Susceptible R. microplus population. The LC50 values were observed to be (0.03524%, CI 95% 0.0248- 0.0607%), (0.00508%, CI 95% 0.0037-0.0073%), (0.00439%, CI 95% 0.0030-0.0067), (0.00393%, CI 95% 0.0021-0.0089%), (0.00365%, CI 95% 0.0025- 0.0054%), (0.00196%, CI 95% 0.0013-0.0029%), (0.00165% CI 95% 0.0012-0.0022%) and (0.00097% CI 95% 0.0006-0.0015) for Nehru colony, Pantnagar Dairy, Sitarganj, Pithoragarh, Halduchor, Saanp Katani Khatta, Nainital and Uttarkashi, respectively. Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus citriodora were selected to know their acaricidal potential against R. microplus ticks. The % yield obtained with, aqueous, methanolic and aqueous-methanolic extract was, 16, 7.48 and 17.56 for A. indica and 13.28, 18.96 and 19.28 for Eucalyptus. The results of AIT using the aqueous, methanolic and aqueous-methanolic extract of both plants revealed a dose dependent decrease in reproductive index (RI) and percent inhibition of oviposition (IO%) generally from concentration 2.5 to 20%. A decrease in egg production was significant (p<0.05) for 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentration of the extract. Tick mortality percent of 40 and 70% was observed at 10 and 20 % concentration of methanolic extract solution of A. indica. The results of AIT with E. citriodora revealed that RI and IO% decreased from concentration 1.25 to 20%. The results of AIT using the Neem oil showed that there was dose dependent decrease in RI and IO% in concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 20%. A decrease of 5, 30, 40, 50 and 60% hatching of eggs was observed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentration of oil, respectively. With Eucalyptus oil, also a dose dependent decrease in RI and IO% for 1.25% concentration was noted. A decrease of 50% hatching of eggs was also observed at 1.25% concentration of oil. Ticks failed to oviposit at 2.5% to 20% concentration. 100% mortality was observed at 2.5% to 20% concentration of oil. In LPT bioassay, an LC50 of 9.333% A. I. (C.I. 95% 6.132-16.983) was observed for the Azadirachta aqueous extract solution against resistant R. microplus population. With E. citriodora aqueous methanolic solution, LC50 of 9.620% A. I. (C.I. 95% 4.491-17.148), methanolic LC50 of 14.492% A. I. (C.I. 95% 13.210-16.060) and aqueous LC50 of 17.556% A. I. (C.I. 95% 2.916.210-18.817)}. E. citriodora oil exhibited LC50 of 11.634% and neem oil an LC50 of 22.818% against larvae of R. microplus population. In LIT, no mortality of R. microplus larvae was recorded at any concentration of A. indica and E. citriodora extracts except at 20% concentration of neem aqueous solution (85%). Several phytoconstituents were revealed on phytochemical analysis of A. indica [alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, sterols, tannins and triterpenes] and E. citriodora [alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, saponins, tannins and triterpenes]. Based on results of laboratory bioassays, it is possible to conclude that the oils of A. indica and E. citriodora caused a negative effect on reproduction and hatchability against deltamethrin resistant R. microplus while Eucalyptus oil even resulted in mortality of ticks. The use of these oils shows great potential for the future as an alternative biocontrol method for R. microplus. These can be incorporated as part of an integrated control programme for ticks.