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ThesisItem Open Access Apoptic effects of vincristine sulphate and cisplatin scaffolds on HeLa cell line and their clinical efficacy on canine transmissible venereal tumors(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-06) Arun Kumar; Jadon, N.S.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of vincristine sulphate, cisplatin and their scaffolds on canine transmissible venereal tumour in twenty four sexually mature adult dogs affected with naturally occurring canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n=6) and subjected to administration of different oncolytic drugs and drugs scaffolds. The animals of group A were administered vincristine sulphate @ 0.025 mg/kg intravenously once in a week for four consecutive weeks and animals of group B were administered cisplatin @ 2.14 mg/kg intravenously and repeated after 21 days. The animals of group C and D were subjected to the administration of scaffolds of vincristine sulphate @ 0.025 mg/kg intravenously once in a week for four consecutive weeks and scaffolds of cisplatin @ 2.14mg/kg intravenously and repeated after 21 days respectively. Preparation and characterization of hydrogel scaffolds were consisting of FTIR measurements, ultrastructure studies and electrochemical analysis. The oncolytic potential of the different chemotherapeutic agent (vincristine sulphate, cisplatin and their scaffolds) was evaluated on the basis of physical and cytological parameters, histopathological studies, haemato-biochemical parameters(Hb, PCV, TLC, DLC and platelets, total protein, glucose, BUN, creatinine, ALT, ASTand GGT) and apoptotic effect on HeLa cell line. Genomic DNA from HeLa cells was isolated and subjected to electrophoresis in agarose gel (1.8%) and 1kb DNA ladder. DNA fragments were visualized under a UV trans-illuminator and compared with a standard marker. Lane C showed no fragmented DNA, however, 20 μg/ml vincristine and 20 μg/ml cisplatin showed fragmented DNA in the form of ladder 1 and 3 after 24 h. Vincristine scaffolds and cisplatin scaffolds showed mild DNA fragment in lane 2 and 4. On the basis of parameter observed in this study, it is concluded that the early and best regression of the CTVT was observed in the animals treated with vincristine scaffolds. Cisplatin regressed the CTVT masses upto some extent; however, cisplatin scaffolds are moderately effective when it is used in appropriate dose. Vincristine alone is effective drug for the treatment of CTVT even in metastatic conditions, however the vincristine scaffolds are more effective as it has early regression of tumour as compare to vincristine alone. This may be due to decreasing the side effects caused in healthy cells. These vincristine scaffolds may be used safely by field veterinarian for the treatment of TVT in canines.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic and physiological characterization and validation of linked SSR markers for drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-09) Arun Kumar; Prasad, RajendraWheat is one of the important food crops cultivated in different environmental conditions in India. The present investigation was conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to assess the 160 wheat genotypes for drought tolerance at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of GBPUAT, Pantnagar with objective to find out drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Five morphological traits namely; leaf morphology, leaf angle, leaf rolling, waxiness on leaf, spike fertility; seventeen genetic traits namely; days to heading, days to anthesis, Days to maturity, Grain filling duration, No. of tillers per plant, Flag leaf length, Flag leaf width, Flag leaf area, Plant height, Peduncle length, Peduncle weight, Spike length, No. of spikelets per spike, No. of grains per spike, Grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, Grain yield per plant and five physiological traits namely; Canopy temperature depression, Normalized difference vegetation index, Flag leaf chlorophyll content, Relative water content percent, Flag leaf senescence percent. Analysis of variance for genetic traits under rainfed condition showed that the mean square of the replications had highly significantly differences for all the traits in both years and pooled data, except No. of tillers per plants, spike length were significant only. Mean square of the treatments had highly significantly differences for all the traits in both years and pooled data, except flag leaf width, flag leaf area were significant only. The estimates of correlation coefficients analysis under rainfed condition showed that the grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant positive correlation with 1000-grains weight, grain weight per spike, No. of grains per spike, plant height, grain filling duration, No. of tillers of per plant, peduncle length. The direct and indirect effects of different genetic traits on grain yield per plant under rainfed condition showed that highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was exerted by days to maturity followed by flag leaf area, No. of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, No. of tillers per plants, plant height. Grain weight per spike, peduncle weight, No. of grains per spike, peduncle length exerted substantial positive indirect effects on grain yield per plant via 1000-grains weight. The clustering pattern for genetic traits under rainfed condition grouped into thirteen clusters, the highest number of genotypes appeared in cluster III followed by cluster IV, cluster II, cluster I and cluster XIII. Cluster V, cluster VI, cluster VII, cluster VIII, cluster IX, cluster X, cluster XI and cluster XII with single genotype. Based on markers scores and grain yield per plant, twenty one tolerant genotypes namely; DBW 39, FLW 13, FLW 7, HD 2833, HD 3093, HI 1500, HI 617, HW 2004, HW 2005, HW 2066, HW 4002, HW 4008, HW 4029, HW 4215, Lok-1, Lok-65, MACS 2496, RAJ 4037, SOKOLL, SSRT 14, VJ 99 were selected and eleven susceptible genotypes using same criteria namely; DBW 14, DBW 28, DBW 88, HD 2824, HD 2877, NW 1014, PBW 343, PBW 373, RAJ 4083, UP 2828, MACS 6272 were identified. Identified tolerant and susceptible genotypes can be used for development of mapping population. Identified tolerant genotypes can be recommended for cultivation in rainfed areas.ThesisItem Open Access Design and development of winged subsoiler with leading tines and maize crop response to subsoiling(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2003) Arun Kumar; Thakur, T.C.