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2020 - 20213
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on ameliorative efficacy of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Zanthoxylum armatum in gentamicin induced acute renal toxicity rat model
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Thakur, Neeraj; Shukla, S.K.
    Acute kidney injury is a wide-ranging term that refers to a variety of conditions. In this study, experimental rat model was used to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacies of hydroethanolic extracts of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Zanthoxylum armatum. The present study was carried out for 8 days, and was divided into 6 groups viz. group I: healthy control, group II: disease control (Gentamicin (GM) @ 100 mg/Kg BW Intraperitoneally (IP)), group III: standard treatment (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + Cystone syrup @ 5 mL/Kg BW PO), group IV: O. tenuiflorum extract EC50 (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + O. tenuiflorum extract @ 400 mg/Kg BW PO), group V: Z. armatum extract EC50 (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + Z. armatum extract @ 400 mg/Kg BW PO) and group VI: vitamin D (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + vitamin D @ 0.4 μg/kg/day SC). On day 4 and 8, urine volume, urine creatinine, urine urea nitrogen and potassium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II than healthy control, whereas in group III, IV, V and VI, these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than group II. In group II, urine total protein, albumin and sodium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than group I, while group III, IV, V and VI were having significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels than group II. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and potassium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group II, III, IV, V and VI as compared to group I, while in group III, IV, V and VI these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than group II. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II as compared to group I. GSH, SOD and CAT levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and LPO levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group III, IV, V and VI as compared to group II. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and interleukin 10 (IL 10) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II, while in treatment groups, TNF α levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, and IL 10 levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher as compared to group II. Cystatin C, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM 1) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group II as compared to group I, whereas in group III, IV, V and VI, these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower as compared to group II. Gross and histopathological examination of kidney and other vital organs also revealed reduction in severity of damage in groups treated with O. tenuiflorum and Z. armatum plant extracts. Urinary cystatin C, KIM 1 and GGT as well as serum cystatin C and KIM 1 can be employed for detection of early kidney injury. The present study findings revealed the nephroprotective efficacy of O. Tenuiflorum and Z. armatum plant extracts, but further detailed studies are warranted to find the constituents responsible for such activity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico hematobiochemical studies and comparative therapeutic evaluation of Ageratum conyzoides and Andrographis paniculata in poultry Coccidiosis with special reference to economic impact assessment
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Singh, Anand Kumar; Bhatt, Prakash
    The present investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence of coccidiosis in commercial broiler and layer farms of Uttarakhand, India from July 2019 to December 2020 along with the economic losses assessment due to coccidiosis. Anticoccidial activity of some herbal extracts along with the economic assessment was evaluated at commercial poultry farm where coccidiosis was observed on the basis of faecal examination and clinical signs. The identification of the coccidian parasite was confirmed by gross lesion site, oocyst morphology and sporulation time of oocyst. Clinical signs included bloody droppings, ruffled feather, anemia, intestinal hemorrhages. The efficacy of herbal drugs was compared with amprolium. The economic loss was assessed with help of various parameters viz., chemoprophylaxis cost, chemotherapeutic cost, mortality loss, reduced body weight gain, increased FCR, etc. The prevalence of disease was recorded to be 22.50% and in above 03 week age group (100%). The physiochemical and phytochemical analysis of crude Ageratum conyzoides, crude Andrographis paniulata and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniulata revealed that these plants were rich in crude protein, crude fiber, NFE, organic matter, minerals, alkaloids, sterols, glycosides, phenols, protein, tannins, flavanoid, terpenoids, etc. The HPLC analysis of crude and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata showed presence of several biological active compounds. In vivo anticoccidial activity of crude and ethanolic extracts of these plants was assessed either alone or in combination and compared the activity with the standard anticoccidial drugs amprolium. 100 broiler chicks were taken and randomly divided in 5 groups of 20 birds each. The efficacy of these extracts was evaluated on the basis of parasitological, haematological, and biochemical studies. It was concluded from the study that ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata, herb complex (1:1) and crude Andrographis paniculata revealed better anticoccidial activity against mixed Eimeria infection in broiler which was comparable with amprolium. Total economic losses were Rs. 1407.12, 1146.26, 992.45 and 2406.99 in herbal treated groups treated with crude extract of Ageratum conyzoides, Andrographis paniculata, combination of Ageratum conyzoides and Andrographis paniculata and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata as compared to amprolium treated group in which the loss was Rs. 1597.44.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico-pathological and metabolic profile studies on Uttarakhand goats along with assessment of chemoprophylactic and immunomodulatory efficacy of ammonium chloride and Withania somnifera during peripartum period
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-06) Singh, Alok; Singh, J.L.
    In the present investigation a total of 967 goats had been registered for the study of prevalence rate along with dissemination pattern of common metabolic diseases among the goats of Hilly and Tarai regions of uttarakhand. The findings of this retrospective study revealed that during pre-parturient stage in hilly and Tarai goat’s maximum percentage was capped by hypoglycemic case while during post-parturient stage in hilly and Tarai goat’s maximum percentage was capped by hypocalcemic and hypoglycemic cases. Moreover study also revealed that as the age and parity of the goats increases, the chances of the dissemination of metabolic diseases also increases. In the continuation of this we had made separately 4 groups and each group contains 09 apparently healthy periparturient goats out of which group 1 goats were supplemented with ammonium chloride @ 0.2 g/kg BW/day/doe, OD group 2 goats were supplemented with Ashwagandha root powder @ 200 mg/kg BW/day/doe, OD and group 3 goats were supplemented with (ammonium chloride @ 0.2 g/kg BW/day/doe, OD + Ashwagandha root powder @200 mg/kg BW/day/doe, OD) for the entire periparturient period, however group 4 goats were assumed as healthy control group. Hemoglobin concentration clearly indicated that there was gradually decline in the concentration with advancement of gestational stage and the mean hemoglobin concentration was somewhat higher among group 2 goats. The serum calcium level was significantly higher in group 1 goats while lowest was reported among group 2 & 4 goats. Beside this the serum concentration of copper revealed increasing trend during pre and post kidding stages and the serum iron concentration exhibited lower values among the periparturient goats that were approaching towards the kidding. The concentration of the total serum protein was found elevated among group 2 goats and low serum cholesterol values were also recorded among group 2 goats in comparison to rest of the groups studied. The result of intra as well as inter group comparisons of goats revealed lower serum triglyceride concentration during terminal days of pregnancy as well as during lactogenesis phase. Quantification of antioxidative status was performed by evaluating MDA, GSH, SOD and OSF. Concentration of APPs namely Hp and SAA were increased significantly around the parturition/kidding period. Moreover the result of circulatory cytokine IFN-γ revealed high concentration in group 2 goats which in turn signified minimal snip in immune status among the said group of goats and also the level of cytokine IL-10 revealed significant low concentration in group 2 goats. The result of energy biomarkers revealed that among group 2 and 3 goats lower value of BHBA concentration was recorded, however group 4 goats revealed significantly higher concentration of NEFA value, moreover NEFA concentration exhibited increasing trend among the goats that’s were approaching towards the kidding. Thus we conclude that prepartum supplementation with immuno modulator and ammonium chloride could be one of the best strategies to suppress periparturient induced corporal alterations and production ailments in goats.