Studies on ameliorative efficacy of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Zanthoxylum armatum in gentamicin induced acute renal toxicity rat model
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Date
2021-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a wide-ranging term that refers to a variety of conditions. In this study, experimental rat model was used to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacies of hydroethanolic extracts of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Zanthoxylum armatum. The present study was carried out for 8 days, and was divided into 6 groups viz. group I: healthy control, group II: disease control (Gentamicin (GM) @ 100 mg/Kg BW Intraperitoneally (IP)), group III: standard treatment (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + Cystone syrup @ 5 mL/Kg BW PO), group IV: O. tenuiflorum extract EC50 (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + O. tenuiflorum extract @ 400 mg/Kg BW PO), group V: Z. armatum extract EC50 (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + Z. armatum extract @ 400 mg/Kg BW PO) and group VI: vitamin D (GM @ 100 mg/Kg BW IP + vitamin D @ 0.4 μg/kg/day SC). On day 4 and 8, urine volume, urine creatinine, urine urea nitrogen and potassium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II than healthy control, whereas in group III, IV, V and VI, these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than group II. In group II, urine total protein, albumin and sodium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than group I, while group III, IV, V and VI were having significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels than group II. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and potassium levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group II, III, IV, V and VI as compared to group I, while in group III, IV, V and VI these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than group II. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II as compared to group I. GSH, SOD and CAT levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and LPO levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group III, IV, V and VI as compared to group II. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and interleukin 10 (IL 10) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in group II, while in treatment groups, TNF α levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, and IL 10 levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher as compared to group II. Cystatin C, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM 1) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group II as compared to group I, whereas in group III, IV, V and VI, these levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower as compared to group II. Gross and histopathological examination of kidney and other vital organs also revealed reduction in severity of damage in groups treated with O. tenuiflorum and Z. armatum plant extracts. Urinary cystatin C, KIM 1 and GGT as well as serum cystatin C and KIM 1 can be employed for detection of early kidney injury. The present study findings revealed the nephroprotective efficacy of O. Tenuiflorum and Z. armatum plant extracts, but further detailed studies are warranted to find the constituents responsible for such activity.