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2017 - 201922020 - 20211
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: Singh, Anand Kumar ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico hematobiochemical studies and comparative therapeutic evaluation of Ageratum conyzoides and Andrographis paniculata in poultry Coccidiosis with special reference to economic impact assessment
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Singh, Anand Kumar; Bhatt, Prakash
    The present investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence of coccidiosis in commercial broiler and layer farms of Uttarakhand, India from July 2019 to December 2020 along with the economic losses assessment due to coccidiosis. Anticoccidial activity of some herbal extracts along with the economic assessment was evaluated at commercial poultry farm where coccidiosis was observed on the basis of faecal examination and clinical signs. The identification of the coccidian parasite was confirmed by gross lesion site, oocyst morphology and sporulation time of oocyst. Clinical signs included bloody droppings, ruffled feather, anemia, intestinal hemorrhages. The efficacy of herbal drugs was compared with amprolium. The economic loss was assessed with help of various parameters viz., chemoprophylaxis cost, chemotherapeutic cost, mortality loss, reduced body weight gain, increased FCR, etc. The prevalence of disease was recorded to be 22.50% and in above 03 week age group (100%). The physiochemical and phytochemical analysis of crude Ageratum conyzoides, crude Andrographis paniulata and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniulata revealed that these plants were rich in crude protein, crude fiber, NFE, organic matter, minerals, alkaloids, sterols, glycosides, phenols, protein, tannins, flavanoid, terpenoids, etc. The HPLC analysis of crude and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata showed presence of several biological active compounds. In vivo anticoccidial activity of crude and ethanolic extracts of these plants was assessed either alone or in combination and compared the activity with the standard anticoccidial drugs amprolium. 100 broiler chicks were taken and randomly divided in 5 groups of 20 birds each. The efficacy of these extracts was evaluated on the basis of parasitological, haematological, and biochemical studies. It was concluded from the study that ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata, herb complex (1:1) and crude Andrographis paniculata revealed better anticoccidial activity against mixed Eimeria infection in broiler which was comparable with amprolium. Total economic losses were Rs. 1407.12, 1146.26, 992.45 and 2406.99 in herbal treated groups treated with crude extract of Ageratum conyzoides, Andrographis paniculata, combination of Ageratum conyzoides and Andrographis paniculata and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata as compared to amprolium treated group in which the loss was Rs. 1597.44.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological and clinico-therapeutic studies on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Singh, Anand Kumar; Bhatt, Prakash
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs and their clinicotherapeutic evaluation. Out of total 1503 dogs registered during the study period from Pantnagar and adjoining area, 961dogs were presented with gastro intestinal disorders. For the epidemiological study, 386 dogs irrespective of age, sex and breed, history of anorexia, vomition, weakness, abdominal pain, diarrhea and dehydration were examined. The dogs were preliminary declared positive for EPI on the basis of faecal trypsin test and presence of starch and neutral fat in faeces. The positive animals were further grouped for clinicotherapeutic study. A total of four groups were made with five dogs in each group. The group I dogs, received no treatment and served as healthy control. The group II dogs received pancreatin 200 mg and simethicone 40mg combination for 45 days. The group III animals received 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity for 45 days. The group IV dogs received 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the ratio of approximately six to one for 45 days. The EPI affected dogs were also administered symptomatic and supportive treatment. Haematological parameters viz. Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC, serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) were estimated at regular interval i.e. on 0th, 15th, 30th and 45th day of the study. The overall prevalence of EPI was found to be 0.99% on faecal analysis basis. However on serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase activity it was found to be 0.46 and 0.40%, respectively. The clinical prevalence on faecal analysis was recorded to be 3.88% and on serum lipase and cPL basis was 1.82 and 1.56%, respectively. The maximum prevalence was observed in dogs aged 5 years and above and maximum prevalence was recorded in German shepherd dogs. All the infected group dogs exhibited significantly high level of Hb and PCV due to haemoconcentration. The leukocytic indices also showed a significant increase in leukocyte and neutrophils count as compared to healthy control. No significant change in cells of erythrocyte and leukocyte indices was recorded within groups at different intervals except neutrophil, leukocyte and lymphocyte count in treated groups. The serum lipase and cPL levels were also significantly increased in all infected groups as compared to healthy control. However, no significant difference in the number of serum lipase and cPL positive cases were observed. It can be concluded from present study that EPI has moderate clinical prevalence in and around Pantnagar region of Uttarakhand. Dogs receiving 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity showed better results followed by 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological and clinico-therapeutic studies on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Singh, Anand Kumar; Bhatt, Prakash
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs and their clinicotherapeutic evaluation. Out of total 1503 dogs registered during the study period from Pantnagar and adjoining area, 961dogs were presented with gastro intestinal disorders. For the epidemiological study, 386 dogs irrespective of age, sex and breed, history of anorexia, vomition, weakness, abdominal pain, diarrhea and dehydration were examined. The dogs were preliminary declared positive for EPI on the basis of faecal trypsin test and presence of starch and neutral fat in faeces. The positive animals were further grouped for clinicotherapeutic study. A total of four groups were made with five dogs in each group. The group I dogs, received no treatment and served as healthy control. The group II dogs received pancreatin 200 mg and simethicone 40mg combination for 45 days. The group III animals received 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity for 45 days. The group IV dogs received 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the ratio of approximately six to one for 45 days. The EPI affected dogs were also administered symptomatic and supportive treatment. Haematological parameters viz. Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC, serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) were estimated at regular interval i.e. on 0th, 15th, 30th and 45th day of the study. The overall prevalence of EPI was found to be 0.99% on faecal analysis basis. However on serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase activity it was found to be 0.46 and 0.40%, respectively. The clinical prevalence on faecal analysis was recorded to be 3.88% and on serum lipase and cPL basis was 1.82 and 1.56%, respectively. The maximum prevalence was observed in dogs aged 5 years and above and maximum prevalence was recorded in German shepherd dogs. All the infected group dogs exhibited significantly high level of Hb and PCV due to haemoconcentration. The leukocytic indices also showed a significant increase in leukocyte and neutrophils count as compared to healthy control. No significant change in cells of erythrocyte and leukocyte indices was recorded within groups at different intervals except neutrophil, leukocyte and lymphocyte count in treated groups. The serum lipase and cPL levels were also significantly increased in all infected groups as compared to healthy control. However, no significant difference in the number of serum lipase and cPL positive cases were observed. It can be concluded from present study that EPI has moderate clinical prevalence in and around Pantnagar region of Uttarakhand. Dogs receiving 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity showed better results followed by 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity.