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Open Access
Response of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes to mulching
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Suresh Kumar; Singh, Dhirendra Kumar
The investigation entitled “Response of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes to mulching” was carried out to study the response of genotype and mulch on growth and yield attributes of French bean. The field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Center, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India during autumn-winter season of 2011-12. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized block Design with three replication consisting of twelve treatments. The observations of growth character were recorded at various stages (30 and 60 DAS) of crop growth while yield attribute were recoded at harvest stage of the crop. The data were analyzed for standard error of mean and critical differences at 5% level of significance. The response of French to various treatments were measured in terms of plant growth attributes i.e., germination per cent, days taken to first germination, days to 50% germination, days taken to first flowering, days taken to 50% flowering, plant height at 30 DAS, plant height at 60 DAS, number of primary branches per plant, numbers of leaves, pod length, pod thickness and maturity and yield attributes like no. of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod weight, pod yield per plant, pod yield/ plot, pod yield q/ha and total soluble solids. On the basis of the present investigation of the experiment result, it can be concluded that treatment combination V1M3 produced maximum yield as well as more suitable for other growth character than other treatment combination.
Open Access
Genetic diversity and screening of brinjal germplasm against shoot and fruit borer
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Khan, Rashid; Singh, Y.V.
The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) during kharif season 2011. In present study 192 genotypes of brinjal were assessed to know the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and genetic divergence for fruit yield and its contributing characters. All genotypes were screened out against shoot and fruit borer to identify resistance genotypes. These genotypes were evaluated in augmented block design and observations were recorded for 15 quantitative characters. The variance was recorded highest for total yield per hectare (448.00) and minimum for number of primary branches per plant (7.56). Coefficient of variability was recorded highest for number of fruits infested by shoot and fruit borer per plant (10.78) and minimum for days to 50% flowering (1.40). Based on genetic divergence population was grouped into five clusters. The cluster III had maximum number of genotypes (57) followed by cluster number II (53), I (43), IV (38), and V (1). The maximum inter cluster distance (18.031) was found in between clusters II and V, whereas minimum distance (2.869) was found between clusters between I and III. Total yield exhibited highest significant and positive correlation with total fruit weight per plant (1.00) followed by weight of fresh fruit per plant (0.780), total number of fruits per plant (0.560), average fruit weight (0.459), plant height (0.318) and fruit diameter (0.186) while significant and negative correlation was recorded with days to 50% flowering (0.231) and days to first fruit harvest (0.208). To initiate the resistance breeding programme all 192 genotypes were evaluated to observe their resistance level against brinjal shoot and fruit borer in field condition. Among 192 genotypes two genotypes viz. EC305163 and IC090132 were found immune to shoot and fruit borer, three genotype namely IC545256, IC433625 and IC264470 found resistance, 21 fairly resistance, 38 tolerant, 52 susceptible and rest 76 genotypes were found highly susceptible to brinjal shoot and fruit borer. The genotypes showing immune, resistance and fairly resistance reaction would be utilized for developing shoot and fruit borer resistant varieties of brinjal.
Open Access
Effect of soil moisture regimes and mulches on growth, yield and economics of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) under rainfed mid-hill condition of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-08) Thapliyal, Pramod; Bhatt, Lalit
The present study was undertaken to study the effect of soil moisture regime and mulch materials on plant growth, yield and economics of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) under rainfed mid-hill condition of Uttarakhand at Vegetable Science Research Block of Hill Campus, Ranichauri, (G. B. Pant University of Agriculture &Technology), Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand during, spring – summer season 2012. The trial was laid out in two Factorial Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice, of the two factors the first one was mulch materials (black polyethylene, organic mulch and unmulched control) while, the second one was soil moisture regimes i.e. 20-25, 15-20 and 10-15 per cent of soil moisture range. During the study, observations for plant height, plant spread, leaf area, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of harvestings, number of fruits per plant, total yield etc. were recorded. In addition, to assess the profitability of treatments, cost of cultivation, net profit and benefit- cost ratio was also worked out. The experimental findings revealed that summer squash performance was significantly influenced by different soil moisture regimes and mulch materials. Among three soil moisture regimes, 20 to 25 per cent soil moisture levels was found to be best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (73.37 t ha-1), net return (Rs. 5,68,705.33 ha-1) and benefit – cost ratio (4.48). Similarly, out of two mulches, black polyethylene mulch was found to be the best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (72.13 t ha-1), net return (Rs.5,51,513.67 ha-1) and benefit – cost ratio (4.23). So far interaction between soil moisture regime and mulching material are concerned out of 9 treatment combinations, S1M1 (under black polyethylene mulch) had recorded maximum yield of 83.80 t ha-1 along with highest net profit of Rs. 6,61,439.00 ha-1 and benefit – cost ratio of 4.74. Based on overall performance, it could be concluded that under the prevalent climatic condition of rainfed mid – hill of Uttarakhand, treatment combination S1M1 (20 to 25 per cent soil moisture under black polyethylene) is the best and most economical treatment, hence, recommended for commercial cultivation at farmers’ fields, provided all other scientific management practices are followed.
Open Access
Effect of photoperiod on growth and quality traits in f1c4 generation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Saxena, Pragati; Singh, Dhirendra
The present investigation was undertaken at Vegetable Research Centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during rabi season of 2011-13. The experiment material consisted of 14 genotypes, 4 checks and two photoperiod (P1 Normal photoperiod and P2 Extended photoperiod) grown in Randomized Block Design to determine the best genotypes, suitable photoperiod and their interaction for higher production. Out of two photoperiods, P2 was better for plant height, number of shoots per plant, tuber weight per plant, tuber yield per m2, TSS, specific gravity, dry matter, protein and ascorbic acid. Whereas, P1 performed better for number of tuber per plant. Among genotypes viz., TPSK-05-06-85 (G8) produced significantly more number of tuber per plant and Kufri Pukhraj (G18) performed better for tuber weight per plant. Genotypes TPSK-05-06-44 (G12) followed by Kufri Pukhraj (G18) and Kufri Chipsona-2 (G17) produced higher tuber yield per m2. Out of all the 36 interaction, G8P1 (TPSK-05-06-85, Normal Photoperiod) was found better for number of tuber per plant whereas, G12 P2 (TPSK-05-06-44, Extended Photoperiod) produce higher tuber yield per m2. Correlation studies indicated that tuber yield showed highly significant and positive correlation with number of tuber per plant (0.517) in P1 while in P2, tuber weight per plant (0.377) and significant for specific gravity (0.492) in P1 and TSS (0.275) in P2. Tuber yield also showed negative and significant correlation with ascorbic acid (0.438) in P2 and number of shoots per plant (0.263) in P1. In normal photoperiod, Path Coefficient Analysis revealed that number of tuber per plant exerted high order of positive direct effect (0.613) towards yield followed by germination percentage at 30days after planting (DAP) (0.579), plant height (0.460),TSS % (0.428),tuber weight per plant (0.366) and number of shoots per plant (0.283). However, specific gravity (-0.420), ascorbic acid (-0.228), dry matter (-0.188) and protein (-0.125) exerted negative direct effect towards tuber yield, whereas under extended photoperiod, path coefficient analysis revealed that tuber weight per plant exerted high order of positive direct effect (0.415) towards yield followed by TSS % (0.386), number of tuber per plant (0.299), dry matter (0.148), protein (0.105) and specific gravity (0.030). However, germination percentage at 30 days after planting (DAP) (-0.651), ascorbic acid (-0.485), plant height (-0.110) and number of shoots per plant (-0.035) exerted negative direct effect towards tuber yield.
Open Access
Evaluation of f1 hybrids of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for early fruit yield in polyhouse under tarai condition of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Rawat, Monisha; Maurya, S.K.
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., 2n=2x=14), an economically important member of the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. A number of varieties/hybrids have been recently developed in the country in this crop but little effort has been made so far to evaluate them for their suitability of growing under green house conditions. In this context, present study was planned with the objectives to evaluate promising parthenocarpic and monoecious F1 hybrid varieties of cucumber in a naturally ventilated polyhouse for flowering, maturity, plant architecture, yield and yield attributes during the rabi as well as summer season. The experiment involving 10 genotypes includes five parthenocarpic varieties namely Hilton, Kian, Isatis, PPC-2 and PPC-3 and five monoecious F1 hybrids namely Malini, Kamini, Sheetal, Alamgir CT-180 and NS-404, collected from different sources. The experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2012-13 and summer season of 2013 at the Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC) of the G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) using four replications. Each genotype had one row 3 m long with a plant spacing of 60 × 60cm. Appreciable performances were recorded for twelve horticultural traits. The ten genotypes had a wide range of variation for most of the characters under investigation. For fruit yield per hectare in rabi season, the genotypes Kian (200.15 q), Isatis (188.78 q), and Hilton (144.30 q) were the top performers and superior over the check variety PPC-3 (122.22 q), however, Sheetal was the least yielder genotype with 82.13 q/ha fruit yield and in summer season, the genotypes Malini (590.76 q), Hilton (572.80 q), and NS-404 (523.77 q) were the top performers and superior than the check variety PPC-3 (449.02 q)however, Sheetal was the least yielder genotype with 318.19 q/ha fruit yield. The high fruit yield recorded in the genotypes has been directly attributed to increased number of fruits per plant. The economic analysis of cucumber was carried out for three months and the B:C ratio obtained was 0.94 in Kian during the rabi season and 1.92 in Malini during the summer season. Therefore, it is recommended that such genotypes can be grown for commercial cultivation in the farmer’s field under protected cultivation under Tarai condition of Uttarakhand.
Open Access
Genetic diversity revealed by morphological, biochemical and PCR based molecular markers in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) germplasm
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Rana, Renu; Singh, Dhirendra
The present investigation was carried out at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India, during kharif, 2011 and 2012 with 82 genotypes (including Glycine soja and PS-1347) of soybean in randomized complete block design with two replications for thirteen quantitative and five morphological characters with the objective to study genetic divergence, variability, character association for seed yield and its component and molecular marker diversity analysis using ten different SSR primers. The Analysis of variance was found significant for all the characters studied. Result on genetic variability study showed that, relatively large differences were observed between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients. Higher estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PVC) was found for seed yield per plant followed by number of pods per plant, dry matter weight per plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index. However, all these characters showed moderate to low estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) indicating marked influence of environment and direct selection for these characters will not be effective. The higher estimates of broad sense heritability was observed for oil content, hundred seed weight followed by protein content and indicating more influence of genetic factors in the expression of these characters. Days to maturity and dry matter weight per plant exhibited fairly high estimate of heritability with high genetic advance indicating additive genetic advance. Based on D2 statistic, the 82 genotypes were grouped into 10 clusters. The maximum numbers of genotypes (18) were grouped in cluster III and IV and lowest (1) in cluster VII and X. Cluster X had shown highest cluster mean value for days to 50% flowering (64.19 days), harvest index (47.15%), seed yield per plant (27.05 g) 100 seed weight (10.25 g), dry matter per plant (57.35 g) and number of seeds per plant (2.85). Cluster number VII had shown highest mean for plant height (104.15 cm) number of nodes per plant (23.85), number of primary branches per plant (10.80) and protein content (42.25%) and Cluster II having thirteen genotype had shown highest mean value for days to maturity (117.13 days). The assessing of SSR diversity of same twenty two soybean genotypes revealed that the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient varied from 0.00 [Glycine soja and PS-1347 to 0.777 [GSDL-16 and GSDL-30]. Total of 32 alleles were detected across the 15 polymorphic loci with an average 1.85 alleles per locus. The UPGMA based dendogram constructed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of SSR primer data divided twenty two lines into five clusters. Cluster strength varied from minimum of one member to maximum of ten members in different clusters. Clustering patterns in general revealed that lines are diverse from each other and did not occupy the same cluster, respectively.
Open Access
Genetic analysis and molecular characterization for powdery mildew resistance in peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-10) Buckseth, Tanuja; Singh, Y.V.
The present investigation on “Genetic analysis and molecular characterization for powdery mildew resistance in Peas (Pisumsativum L.)” was carried out at Vegetable Research Centre,GovindBallabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The materials for the present study comprised of 102 genotypes of Pea (PisumsativumL.) collected from different sources including Pantnagar Centre for Plant Genetic Resources (PCPGR), Pantnagar. All these genotypes were evaluated under field conditions for disease severity against powdery mildew and rust. Further,based on screening10 genetically diverse lines for powdery mildew (5 susceptible and 5 resistance genotypes) viz, Arkel, PMR-62, ArkaAjit, PMR-53, Azad Pea -3, PSM-5, E-6, PSM-3, PSM-4 and PM-69 were selected. None of the genotype was found to be resistant against rust. On the basis of gcaestimates, the best combiners were E-6, Arkel and PSM-3 for earliness (days to first flowering), first flowering node and days to first pod picking PSM-5 and PSM-3 for pod length, ArkaAjit, PMR-62 and PSM-3 for the number of seeds per pod, PSM-4 for green pods/plant,E-6 and PSM-3 for green pod weight PSM-5 and PSM-3 for green pod yield/plant as well as for shelling percentage, PSM-3 and Azad P-3 for powdery mildew severity. These lines can be used as parents in the hybridization programme to get desirable recombinants in segregating generations. Good combiners can be crossed to elite genetic resources to broaden their genetic base. In the present study, the best specific crosses were ArkaAjit × PMR-53, PMR-53× E-6 and ArkaAjit × PM-69 for earliness, PSM-3 × PM-69 and E-6 × PM-69 for pod length, ArkaAjit × PM-69, Arkel × E-6 and PMR-62 × Azad P-3 for number of seeds per pod, Azad P-3 × E-6 and PMR-62 × PMR-53 for number of primary branches per plant, E-6 × PM-69 and PSM-5× E-6 for green pod weight and pod yield/plant, Azad P-3 × PSM-4 for shelling percentage and Azad P-3 × PSM-5 for powdery mildew severity respectively. These crosses could be advanced to recover desirable segregants for the improvement of yield and yield attributing characters. The crossesArkaAjit × PSM-3,PSM-3 × PSM-4PSM-5 × PSM-3, ArkaAjit× Azad P-3 and PSM- 5 × E-6 could be exploited as commercial hybrids as they demonstrated significant heterosis for the characters under present studies.Seed protein profiles did not sort resistant genotypes into one cluster; they were intermingled with others. The proximity of genotypes had no close relationship with Erysiphepisisensitivity.Polymorphism survey of the resistant and susceptible parents was done by amplifying their DNA using 30 decamer random primers. Of these, 5 decamer primers produced amplification and only one of this produced polymorphism between the parents and bulks.The specific primer OPW-04 can be useful in identifying homozygous resistant individuals in F2 and subsequent segregating generations in crosses ArkaAjit ×PSM-3 and can form a strong base for designing ideal genotypes with higher levels of powdery mildew resistance in pea.
Open Access
Line x tester analysis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Shetty, Anoop A.; Singh, J.P.
The present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Centre (VRC), G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during Spring- summer season of 2012 and 2013. The major objectives of the study were to know the extent of heterosis, combining ability and various genetic parameters in tomato. Thirty crosses were evolved in a line x tester mating design with 10 genotypes as female parents (lines) and 3 genotypes as male parents (testers). The hybrids, PT-2007-09 x Pant Bahar and PT-2009-08 x Arka Vikas were most promising for earliness exhibiting highest negative heterosis. With respect to plant height, hybrids, PT-7 x PT-3 and PT-2009-08 x PT-3 were most promising for tallness and dwarfness, respectively. Hybrid combination, S-108 x PT-3 exhibited most promising results with respect to heterosis for fruit yield per plant and total soluble solids. Most promising hybrid for number of locules was PT-42 x Arka Vikas which exhibited negative heterosis. The best hybrids with respect to heterosis were S-108 x Arka Vikas for average fruit weight, PT-18 x PT-3 for fruit yield per hectare, PT-18 x Arka Vikas for number of fruits per plant, PT-8 x PT-3 for number of seeds per gram, PT-8 x Arka Vikas for pericarp thickness, PT-42 x Arka Vikas for number of locules, PT-18 x Arka Vikas for fruit length and fruit width, and PT-8 x Arka Vikas for fruit shape index. The most promising general combiners were S-108 for plant height (negative gca), fruit yield per hectare, fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight, TSS at red ripe stage and number of seeds per gram, PT-18 for plant height (positive gca) and number of fruits per plant, PT-8 for days to last harvest and pericarp thickness, PT-12 for number of seeds per gram and fruit length, PT-2009-08 for TSS at immature stage and turning stage, PT-7 for number of branches per plant, PT-2009-10 for number of locules, S-03-05 for fruit width, and PT-42 and PT-2009-08 for fruit shape index. Most promising hybrids exhibiting significant sca effects were, PT-2007-09 x Arka Vikas for fruit yield per hectare and average fruit weight, S-03-05 x PT-3 for dwarfness and TSS, PT-2007-09 x Pant Bahar for tallness, PT-7 x Arka Vikas for earliness and reduced number of seeds per gram, S-108 x Pant Bahar for number of fruits per plant, PT-18 x Arka Vikas for number of locules and PT-2009-08 x Arka Vikas for pericarp thickness. The combining ability analysis indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action for different growth, yield and fruit quality characters.

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