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2013 - 201914
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Subject: Livestock Production and Management × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of ardu (Ailanthus excelsa) leaf powder feeding on the performance of Pantja goats
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Mishra, Vaidehi; Palod, Jyoti
    A study was conducted on 16, 6-8 months old Pantja kids for a period of 90 days to study the effect of feeding ardu (Ailanthus excelsa) leaf powder on growth performance, haemato-biochemical parameters and faecal egg counts in Pantja goats. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three treatments and one control group each with four goats having approximately same body weight. The goats of control group (T0) were offered 100 per cent concentrate with grazing while those of T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed ardu leaf powder replacing 25, 50 and 75 per cent concentrate respectively. With this diet schedule, grazing and ad libitum water was provided to all the experimental goats during the entire experimental period. Growth performance i.e. body weight was observed fortnightly. Blood samples were collected on 0, 30th, 60th and 90th day of experiment from all the animals for haemato-biochemical studies. Faecal samples were also collected on 0, 30th, 60th and 90th day. The results of the experiment indicated that ardu leaf powder supplementation showed significantly increased body weight, haemoglobin concentration, TEC, PCV, MCH, MCV, lymphocytes, serum HDL cholesterol, serum protein profile and serum calcium whereas significantly decreased serum glucose, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, AST and ALT levels as well as faecal eggs count with best results found in goats fed 75% ardu leaf powder in place of concentrate. There was non- significant effect of ardu leaf powder feeding on serum urea and creatinine levels. All the treatment groups fed with ardu leaf powder showed reduction in feed cost with minimum feed cost noted in treatment group fed with 75% ardu leaf powder. From the results of present study it can be concluded that feeding ardu leaf powder replacing 75 per cent concentrate in the diet of goats may be advised to improve growth performance, haemato- biochemical parameters and faecal egg counts in Pantja goats. Further research should focus on use of ardu leaves/powder taking into consideration meat as well as milk production in goats.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on economic traits and replacement rate in crossbred cattle
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Panwar, Vijay Amrit Raj; Sharma, R.K.
    The present study was undertaken on 2204 calvings of 390 crossbred cattle produced by 54 sires and maintained at Instructional Dairy Farm, Nagla of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). The data had a spread of over of period of 36 years (1981-2016).The least-squares analysis of variance for the first lactation traits revealed that the effects due to sires were significant for age at first calving (AFC), first lactation 305 days milk yield (FLMY-305), first lactation milk yield (FLMY), first lactation length (FLL) and first service period (FSP), and non-significant for first dry period(FDP) and first calving interval (FCI). The effects due to the period of calving were found significant for FLL, FSP, whereas they were non-significant for all other traits. The effect due to the season of calving was found to be significant on FLMY-305 whereas nonsignificant effects were found for all other remaining traits. The effect due to the AFC was found highly significant (P 0.01) for FLMY whereas non-significant effects were found for all other remaining traits. The overall least-squares means for first lactation traits viz. age at first calving, first lactation 305 days milk yield, first lactation milk yield, first lactation length, first service period, first dry period and first calving interval were found as 1277.75 ± 101.56 days, 2673.48± 81.29 kg, 2746.23± 85.51 kg, 346.02 ± 7.44 days, 245.91± 5.39 days, 139.15± 7.53 days and 489.01± 9.79 days respectively. The heritability estimates for first lactation traits viz. age at first calving, first lactation 305 days milk yield, first lactation milk yield, first lactation length, first service period, first dry period and first calving interval were observed as 0.31 ± 0.14, 0.37 ± 0.12, 0.27 ± 0.07, 0.17 ± 0.08, 0.17 ± 0.08, 0.17 ± 0.11, 0.24 ± 0.13 and 0.21 ± 0.09 respectively.The period effect on replacement rate and its components viz., mortality, culling and replacement rate were found to be significant. The season of birth had significant effects on abnormal birth and replacement rate whereas they were nonsignificant for female mortality and culling rate in female calves.The average values of abnormal births, mortality and culling of female calves upto AFC were found to be 9.12, 15.70 and 30.15 percent respectively. The replacement rates on female calf basis and total pregnancies basis were estimated as 54.18 and 25.27 percent, respectively. About half (45.18percent) of total female calves were lost from the herd till they attain AFC due to mortality and culling. Only one fourth (25.27 percent) of the total pregnancies turned into replacement heifers. It may be concluded that performance of crossbred herd under study is comparable to other herds. Low to moderate heritability estimates obtained indicates presence of adequate genetic variation within the herd and hence improvement in traits under study is possible by genetic selection along with managemental interventions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on efficient utilization of different livestock wastes
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Budhalakoti, Mohit; Anil Kumar
    India has the largest livestock populations in the world (13% of total global livestock population). In India, millions of tones of livestock excreta are produced. Vermicomposting and vermiwash are commonly adopted potent technique for the utilization of different livestock wastes for their economic utilization. However, there is very less data regarding vermicomposting of combination of different livestock wastes. So, present study explores the potential of an epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida to compost different livestock excreta and their different combinations (cattle, buffalo, goat and poultry) into value added products (vermicompost and vermiwash) at the laboratory scale. For the present study, pits were made of 8ft, 2ft, 2ft, length, width, height respectively. Total 16 treatments were made, in which 15 treatments consist of livestocks dung and poultry manures and their combinations of different proportions and one treatment is of bio gas slurry were tested. Sample was taken from each treatment at the period of 0, 20 and 90 day and was analyzed for physico-chemical properties, growth of worms and economic viability of vermicompost and vermiwash production from livestock waste management point of view. Vermicomposting result in lowering of pH ranges from 6.26 – 7.09 at final compost with lowest pH in goat dung and highest in poultry manure. As the decomposition of substrate were in process, dry matter and total organic carbon (TOC) content getreduced due to utilization of organic matter by microbes for feed and release of CO2. NPK content was higher in vermicompost than the fresh manure, with highest NPK value seen in poultry manure. C: N ratio is used as an index for maturity of organic wastes. C: N ratio was higher in fresh manure as compare to final vermicompost and minimum ratio was seen in poultry manure due to high N content in poultry manure in final cast. Production of vermicompost, recovery per cent of vermicompost and increase in vermiculture were higher in cattle and buffalo dung as compare poultry manure. There were high monetary return and B: C ratio in buffalo and cattle dung treatment as compare to other treatments. In vermiwash production, B: C ratio was very high because of production of vermiwash liquid along with vermiculture and vermicompost. It can be concluded that economically vermicompost of cattle and buffalo dung was better but nutritionally vermicompost obtained from poultry manure was better than rest all other treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Pantja goat milk for gross composition and selected minerals
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-05) Chauhan, Surya Pratap Singh; Sanjay Kumar
    Present work was carried out on Pantja goats, reared at goat unit of Department of Livestock Production Management (LPM), College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), during Nov 2018 to April 2019. The main objectives of the investigation were to study the physico-chemical properties of Pantja goat milk and to study the effect of lactation order and stage of lactation on physic-chemical properties of Pantja goat milk. The salient findings emerged from the present investigation are summarized as follows. During the entire study the fresh goat milk samples of Pantja goats according to lactation order and also during their 1st (up to 30 days), 2nd (31 to 60 days) and 3rd (above 61 days) stage of lactation were analyzed for physic-chemical properties such as color, specific gravity, boiling point, water, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, SNF, total ash, titratable acidity and pH of Pantja goat milk. The average specific gravity, the boiling point of milk was 1.036 and 100.12, respectively and color of milk was perfectly white. The overall mean chemical composition of milk was 85.27 percent water, 14.67 percent total solids, 10.06 percent SNF, 5.09 percent carbohydrate, 0.78 percent total ash, 0.130 percent titratable acidity and 6.44 pH. The values of milk composition were significantly affected by lactation order and stage of lactation. The mean values of specific gravity, boiling point, fat, protein, total solids, SNF, ash, titratable acidity content of Pantja goat milk significantly increased from 1st to 3rd stage of lactation. While water, carbohydrates and pH content of milk significantly decreased during 1st to 3rd lactation order as well as the stage of lactation. The overall average minerals (mg/L) content of Pantja goat milk i.e. Calcium 893.06; Magnesium 114.78; Phosphorus 1122.26; Potassium 1168.49; Sodium 635.35; Zinc 2.36; Manganese 0.137; Selenium 0.013 and Iron 0.50, respectively. The mineral concentration of condensed milk was higher than fluid milk. In condensed milk minerals content were Calcium 1964.73 mg/L; Magnesium 241.03 mg/L; Phosphorus 1795.61 mg/L; Potassium 1869.58 mg/L; Sodium 762.42; Zinc 6.57 mg/L; Manganese 0.60 mg/L; Selenium 0.020; Iron 3.37 mg/L, respectively. In another part of this research work manufacturing toffee using Pantja goat milk and select the best product on the basis of sensory evaluation of toffee. The microbiological and sensory characteristics of toffee were studied on different storage intervals at refrigeration temperature, room temperature and 37°C to assess the storage life. The microbiological study revealed significant increase in total plate count and yeast and mold count with the advancement in storage period. The rate of increase in the microbial count was higher for higher temperatures. However, none of the samples showed the presence of coliform bacteria. Sensory quality (color and appearance, flavor, body and texture and overall acceptability) decreased significantly with increased temperature and duration of storage. The samples remain acceptable for 12-14 days at refrigeration temperature, 9-10 days of room temperature and 6-8 days at 37°C.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Potentiating effect of dietary incorporation of cow urine on the performance of growing Badri cattle
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Joshi, Deepikesh; Singh, D.V.
    Present work was conducted on 31 growing Badri cattle to study the effect of feeding them concentrate feed potentiated with the urine of Badri cows (@200 ml urine/ kg of concentrate feed) on their morphometric, hematological, urine/ faecal analysis, well-being parameters and feed intake/ left over during a period from January, 2018 to March, 2018 at Beni unit of IDF Nagla. All the animals were divided into two age groups (6-12 and 12-18 months) and further into control and treatment groups, making a total of 4 sub-groups. Overall least-squares means of morphometric traits were 82.15±0.61 cm (BL), 81.40±0.55 cm (HAW), 95.96±0.51 cm (CG), 118.33±1.00 cm (PG) and 74.85±1.05 kg (EBW). Significant (P<0.05) difference was seen in BL and EBW due to treatment. Overall least squares means for Hb, ESR, TEC, TLC, PCV and CT were 12.39 ± 0.19 gm%, 0.24 ± 0.03 mm/ hr, 4.97 ± 0.21 millions/ μL, 7.07 ± 0.31 thousands/ μL, 35.98 ± 0.72 % and 155.08 ± 1.43 seconds, respectively. Values were significantly (P<0.05) lower for ESR and PCV for older group and higher for Hb, TEC and PCV in urine treated group, indicating the incremental effect of urine on these traits. Overall least-squares means for neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte count were 73.00 ± 0.20, 18.80 ± 0.17, 5.33 ± 0.16, respectively. Significant increase due to age (for neutrophils and lymphocytes in older and younger group animals), as well as due to treatment (for neutrophils and lymphocytes in control group; and monocytes in urine treated group) as well as in Hb, TEC and PCV in urine treated group was observed, indicating favourable hematological response. However, other parameters (ESR,TLC and CT) remained unaffected due to treatment. Majority of animals for control and treatment group as well as younger and older animals had straw-coloured and transparent urine with ammonical odour and urine in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. However, there was phenomenal improvement in the transparency of urine over time from 62.5 to 100.0%. Overall least-squares means for pH, specific gravity, urea and creatinine concentrations in urine were 7.74 ± 0.02, 1.03 ± 0.00, 258.12 ± 0.32 g/dL and 27.13 ± 0.07 g/dL, and remained unaffected due to effects under study. At the end of the experiment faeces continued to have Amphistome eggs but was clear of Fasciola sp. eggs. Majority of animals of control and treatment group animals had pink CMM and found ‘standing plus ruminating’ in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Overall least-squares means for BCS, Ig level and TFT were 3.70 ± 0.07, 1.04±0.11 g/ dL and 7.11±0.22 mm. The values for Ig and TFT were significantly higher in younger and older animals, respectively. There was an overall improvement in the total feed (fodder and concentrate) intake from 12.73 to 13.01 kg/animal/ day and reduction in left-over from 0.56 to 0.41 kg/ animal/ day. The experimental feed could thus be concluded as palatable to growing Badri cattle.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on various performance traits of Badri cattle, reared under farm conditions
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Gangwar, Anuj; Sanjay Kumar
    Present study was conducted from 1st Sept. 2017 to 30 April 2018 on Brown, Black and Grey Badri cattle. A study on various performance traits of Badri cattle, reared under farm conditions was done to know the body morphometric, production, reproduction traits, physiological, blood parameters and urine examination, basis on the three colour Brown, Black and Grey at Instructional Dairy Farm, Beni, Pantnagar and Nariyal village farm, Champawat. Overall rectal temperature during study period were as 101.51±0.18, 101.60±0.04 and 101.33±0.03°F for Brown, Black and Grey Badri cattle, respectively. Rectal temperature of Nariyal farm cattle was comparatively less than Beni farm, cattle. Overall pulse rate during study period were recorded as 59.72±0.30, 59.90±0.80 and 60.00±0.57 beats/minute for Grey, Black and Brown Badri cattle, respectively. Overall respiration rate during study period were measured as 28.30±2.40, 28.80±0.60 and 27.60±0.94 breaths/minute for Brown, Black and Grey Badri cattle, respectively. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were highest in Black followed by Brown and Grey Badri cattle. Lactation lengths of Brown, Black and Grey cows were recorded as 254.65±1.05, 233.60±7.50 and 252.60±17.17 days, respectively. Lactation length and lactation milk yield were highest in Brown followed by Grey and Black Badri cattle. Service period, lactation length, lactation milk yield, daily milk yield, inter calving period, dry period, PCV and oestrus cycle duration showed a significant (P≤0.05) difference among all three group of cattle. Daily milk yield of Brown, Black and Grey cows were recorded as 1.83±0.03, 1.83±0.09 and 1.43±0.40 kg, respectively. Daily milk yield was high in Brown and Black cattle as compare to Grey Badri cattle. Inter calving period was highest in Brown followed by Black and Grey Badri cattle. Age at first oestrous recorded as 33.50±0.20, 34.20±1.10 and 33.30±3.05 months for Brown, Black and Grey Badri cows, respectively. Ages at first mating were recorded as 36.10±0.60, 37.00±1.00 and 36.40±1.98 month for Brown, Black and Grey Badri cows, respectively. Overall hemoglobin mean among Brown, Black and Grey cattle were 12.39±0.11, 12.29±0.01 and 12±0.76 g/dl, respectively. Overall PCV mean among Brown, Black and Grey Badri cattle were 36.75±4.75, 39.40±3.20 and 39.17±4.77%, respectively. Overall total erythrocyte count mean among Brown, Black and Grey cattle were 6.12±0.79, 6.55±0.74 and 6.52±0.79x106 cell/μl, respectively. Overall total leukocyte count mean among Brown, Black and Grey cattle were 9.49±0.59, 9.65±0.38 and 8.72±1.55x103 cell/μl, respectively. Total urine volume was 12 liter in 24-hour period. Color of urine was light yellow (straw color) among Brown, Black and Grey cattle. There was a non significant (P≥0.05) difference between morphometric traits, specific gravity, pH, hemoglobin among all three groups of cattle. Badri cattle are important germplasm of the country, traditionally suiting to Indian climatic conditions especially in hilly area. Therefore, suitable selection and breeding programme need to be undertaken for their further conservation and improvement. Urine of Badri cattle may be useful for ayurvedic therapeutic preparation in comparison to crossbred cows. Brown and Grey Badri cattle have comparatively good performance in comparison with Black cattle.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on certain physico-biochemical attributes of local Pantja Buck semen
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-05) Shail Nidhi; Palod, Jyoti
    Pantja is the local breed of goat found in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. In present investigation 6 local Pantja bucks B6, B5, B4, B3, B2 and B1 of age 11, 14, 15, 18, 20 and 34 months with body weights 16, 17, 21, 26, 28 and 40 kg respectively, maintained at Goat unit, LPM Department, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, were selected to study certain physic-microscopic tests, complementary biochemical tests, biochemical attributes and elemental attributes of semen and morphology of sperm. Semen collection was done at about 9.009.30 a.m. by artificial vagina method twice weekly per buck. Immediately after collection, physical examination of fresh semen was done first and then microscopic examination of undiluted and diluted semen was performed. After that complementary biochemical tests were performed on fresh semen. For tests performed in seminal plasma, semen was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and was stored at -18 ºC except for the tests performed in fresh seminal plasma. Sperm dimensions and abnormalities were also measured by microscopy. The results of the experiment indicated that maximum samples 58.33 and 33.66 per cent were creamy in color and creamy consistency and minimum 9.1 and 4.5 per cent were yellow in color and watery in consistency respectively. It was found that maximum samples obtained from older bucks were creamy in color and consistency. The volume of the semen increased with age of the bucks with an overall value of 0.54 ± 0.02 ml (range 0.38 ± 0.03 to 0.78 ± 0.04 ml). Mass motility, individual motility and sperm concentration of semen was increased with age of the animal and found maximum for buck B1. Mean sperm dimensions viz. sperm head length, head width, flagellum length and sperm total length by light microscope (100X) were found as 8.03 ± 0.02, 3.98 ± 0.02, 51.92 ± 0.11 and 60.05 ± 0.10 µm respectively. Average mean values of sperm head length, head width, head base width, head thickness, acrosome thickness, mid piece length, principal piece length, end piece length, mid piece thickness, principal piece thickness and total sperm length by SEM was recorded as 8.46 ± 0.03, 4.05 ± 0.02, 2.17 ± 0.01, 0.45 ± 0.00, 0.57 ± 0.00, 10.72 ± 0.61, 37.47 ± 0.07, 3.52 ± 0.66, 0.76 ± 0.02, 0.52 ± 0.00 and 60.17 ± 0.02 µm respectively. These parameters were independent of buck age. Average mean values of primary and secondary sperm abnormalities were found as 1.77 and 2.44 per cent respectively with overall total sperm abnormalities 4.22 per cent. Overall mean value of pH was found (6.61 ± 0.02) independent of buck age. Resazurin and Methylene blue reduction time were noted higher for younger bucks and minimum for older bucks with overall value 3.15 ± 0.25 and 6.04±0.36 min. respectively. Mean values of HOST and Millovanov’s resistance test were recorded as 36.10 ± 1.17 per cent and 5216.70 ± 1.94 respectively. The mean values of mass motility, individual motility and livability of sperms were found as 1.60 ± 0.09, 36.76 ± 0.69 per cent, 16.76 ± 0.86 per cent at 0°C, 1.93 ± 0.12, 47.36 ± 0.94 per cent, 27.30 ± 0.80 per cent at 10°C and 3.46 ± 0.37, 74.03 ± 0.82 per cent, 71.03±0.867 per cent at 37°C respectively. Overall mean values of glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, creatinine, urea, uric acid, fructose and cholesterol were found as 38.86 ± 0.78, 4.61 ± 0.11, 2.22 ± 0.05, 2.32 ± 0.06, 1.09 ± 0.04, 1.99 ± 0.03, 42.26 ± 0.99, 7.16 ± 0.14, 605.84 ± 14.26 and 152.10 ± 3.14 respectively. Concentrations of elements Mg, P, Cl, Zn, Cu, Fe and Ca in seminal plasma of Pantja bucks were 2.84 ± 0.05, 8.09 ± 0.24, 86.00 ± 4.94, 0.29 ± 0.06, 0.04 ± 0.00, 0.16 ± 0.03 and 10.50 ± 0.33 respectively. Concentration of most of biochemical and elemental constituents were found higher in mature animals as compared to yearlings. Results of present study reveal that Pantja buck produce good quality semen, having semen characteristics similar to other goat breeds of the country. They are therefore well suited for breeding purpose and can be used for natural services as well as production of semen for artificial insemination.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Application of indigenous rural know- how (use of Chedu and Mattha) on well- being of Murrah buffalo calves
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-06) Ramesh Kumar; Sanjay Kumar
    An investigation was carried out to study the effect of Chedu (brown color residue obtained during ghee preparation) and Mattha (traditionally made by removing butter from curd by dilution) on ectoparasites, endoparasites, hematology and growth performance of Murrah buffalo calves. Twenty Murrah buffalo calves were randomly allotted into four groups nearness to their body weight (5 calves/group) for 90 days i.e., Control (T0) and Treatments (T1: application of Chedu on body coat @150gm/animal mixed with equal amount of water, T2: administration of Mattha @ 2% of body weight mixed with salt 0.5 % of Mattha, T3: use of both Chedu and mattha). The overall body weight gain (kg) was statistically significant (P<0.05) in T1 (36.6), T2 (43.6), and T3 (44.8) as compared to T0 (31kg). The overall change in body length (cm) was statistically significant (P<0.05) in T3 (11.4 cm) as compared to T0 (7.2cm). The gain in Heart girth (cm) observed statistically significant difference in treatment groups (7.8, 12, and 13 cm in T1, T2 and T3 respectively) as compared to control group (7 cm). The gain in paunch girth (cm) was observed statistically significant difference in treatment groups (8, 10.6, and 11.6 cm in T1, T2 and T3 respectively) as compared to T0 group (6.2 cm). Height at withers (cm) of calves were observed statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in treatment groups (10.20 and 11.8 cm in T2, and T3 respectively) as compare to control group (5.40 cm). Hemoglobin (gm/dl) showed statistically significant difference in treatment groups (10.02 ± 0.19 and 10.20±019, in T2 and T3 respectively) as compare to control group (7.48±0.06). In packed cell volume (%), statistically significant difference were observed (30.36 ± 0.21 and 30±0.18 in T2 and T3 group respectively) as compared with control group (28.72±0.49). The results of Erythrocytic sedimentation rate were observed significantly differ (P<0.05) in T3 (38.40± 0.75) as compared to T0 (69.00±1.00). Total Erythrocytic count value showed significant result (P<0.05) 7.16±0.18 in T3 as compare to T0 (8.72±0.13). However non significant result was observed in total leucocytic count, whereas in Neutrophills statistically significant results (P<0.05) were observed 31±0.71 and 29.40 ±0.68 in T2 and T3 respectively as compare to T0 (19.40±0.51). Eosinophills showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in T3 (4.0±0.32) as compare to T0 (9.0±0.45). In Lymphocyte significant difference (P<0.05) was observed 62.80±0.58 in T3 as compare to 69.80±0.49 in T0. Monocytes showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) 3.20 ±0.37 in T2 and T3 as compare to 1.80±0.37 in T0. The endoparasites (Egg per gram in feces) were observed statistically significant (less) in T2 and T3 (20±12.25 and 20±12.25) as compare to T0 and T1 (270±20 and 230±20) due to the effect of Mattha. Effect of Chedu was seen in T1 and T3 as preventive measure for ectoparasites as compare to T0 and T2. The investigation revealed that use of indigenous by-products (Chedu and Mattha) is beneficial for proper growth and act as a preventive technology tool for control of ecto and endo parasites in Murrah buffalo calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Awareness and adoption of scientific dairy husbandary practices: An analysis of dairy farmers in tarai region of Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Tewari, Himani; Sanjay Kumar
    Present study was carried on five centres involving 160 farmers from 87 villages in U.S. Nagar district of Uttarakhand from August 1, 2012 to March 10, 2013 with the objective of studying socio-economic profile, awareness level, degree of adoption and the constraints faced by the farmers in the adoption of scientific dairy husbandry practices. About (66.25 %) of respondents were middle aged, (43.75 %) farmers had agriculture as main occupation, (40.00 %) respondents were educated up to graduation level, about (33.75 %) farmers were small farmers, (30.62 %) maintained large herd and (80.00 %) farmers had nuclear family. Most of the farmers (94.38 %) had access to various animal health services, (89.38 %) farmers were dependant on government hospitals for veterinary aid. The overall mean value for AP,AFS,AFCON,AFC,NSRC,LP,DP and MY in indigenous, crossbred and buffaloes were 780.85±5.44days,518±4.96 days,773.28±1.98 days,780.92±2.16days, 635.32±2.19days, 872.13±2.34 days,786.48±2.08 days, 647.08±2.35 days,876.66±2.37 days,1072.03 ±2.18 days, 932.53±2.35 days and 1184.47±2.45 days,3.88 ±0.19 times, 3.89±0.13 times, 3.43±0.12 times ,226.70±1.90 days, 288.77±0.75 days 293.33±0.76 days, 138.29±1.90 days, 76.32±0.73 days, 71.66±0.76 days, 3.60±0.24 liters, 16.23±0.36 liters and 15.07±0.21 liters, respectively. Out of all the diseases Fever, Mastitis, Surra, H.S and F.M.D in order of occurrence were found (96.25 %), (88.75 %), (85.00 %), (60.00 %) and (64.38%) respectively. All the farmers were aware about the importance of drainage, regular cleaning of shed, protecting animals against weather extremes, grazing, concentrate feeding during lean period, basis of concentrate feeding as per their milk yield and fat percentage, supplement of additional concentrate feeding to pregnant animals and heifers, adding salt in animal ration and the chaffing of fodder. About (96.25 %) were aware about the cutting of navel cord, navel cord disinfection and cleaning of teats and udder before nursing of calf. About (85.00 %) respondents were aware of ideal identification method used for calves. About (80.63 %) and (51.25 %) respondents were unaware of accurate time and repetition of de worming. All the farmers (100.00 %) of five centres were aware about the facilities like electricity, water, feeding mangers, assistance and frequency of offering water to pregnant animals, milking interval, practice of washing hands with antiseptic solution, clean clothes of milker’s, milker’s test for T.B and removal of mucous membrane immediately after birth. About (87.50 %) farmers considered body weight as the main criteria for first time mating. Majority of farmers (98.12 %) preferred A.I over natural service. Most of the farmers (88.13 %) preferred mating in their animals 8 to 12 hours after showing heat symptoms. All the farmers adopted the practice of maintenance of breeding records, followed the practice of washing of external genitalia and hind quarter of animal, offer ad-libitum feeding of water to pregnant animals. Majority of the farmers (65.62 %) practiced twice milking, about (53.75 %) farmers followed knuckling, and (60.00 %) farmers checked their animals for mastitis only when it was required. About (42.50 %),(52.50%),(31.25 %) and (56.25 %) farmers faced problems of lower socio-economic status, poor education, small farm size and less farm experience and lack of co-operation and co-ordination, respectively in adoption of scientific dairy husbandry practices. Most of the farmers (91.87 %) faced the problem of unavailability of high genetic merit bulls for semen donation and natural service, while none of the farmers faced the problem of poor conception rates through A.I. About (60.62 %), (53.75 %) and (65.62 %) of farmers were facing the problem of delayed heat occurrence, insemination at improper time and repeat breeding, respectively at various centres. None of the farmers faced the problem of unavailability of quality cattle feed and poor availability of concentrate and mineral mixture in the area. Most of the farmers (66.87 %) faced the problem of over-crowding in the animals while all the farmers faced the problem of short lactation length in animals. About (42.50 %) respondents reported the problem of delay in milk payment, whereas (38.12 %) respondents faced the problem of low price of milk offered. About (41.25 %) and (95.00 %) of the respondents were facing the problem of lack of knowledge about vaccination and de worming schedule in animals at all the five centers of study.