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Open Access
Potentiating effect of dietary incorporation of cow urine on the performance of growing Badri cattle
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Joshi, Deepikesh; Singh, D.V.
Present work was conducted on 31 growing Badri cattle to study the effect of feeding them concentrate feed potentiated with the urine of Badri cows (@200 ml urine/ kg of concentrate feed) on their morphometric, hematological, urine/ faecal analysis, well-being parameters and feed intake/ left over during a period from January, 2018 to March, 2018 at Beni unit of IDF Nagla. All the animals were divided into two age groups (6-12 and 12-18 months) and further into control and treatment groups, making a total of 4 sub-groups. Overall least-squares means of morphometric traits were 82.15±0.61 cm (BL), 81.40±0.55 cm (HAW), 95.96±0.51 cm (CG), 118.33±1.00 cm (PG) and 74.85±1.05 kg (EBW). Significant (P<0.05) difference was seen in BL and EBW due to treatment. Overall least squares means for Hb, ESR, TEC, TLC, PCV and CT were 12.39 ± 0.19 gm%, 0.24 ± 0.03 mm/ hr, 4.97 ± 0.21 millions/ μL, 7.07 ± 0.31 thousands/ μL, 35.98 ± 0.72 % and 155.08 ± 1.43 seconds, respectively. Values were significantly (P<0.05) lower for ESR and PCV for older group and higher for Hb, TEC and PCV in urine treated group, indicating the incremental effect of urine on these traits. Overall least-squares means for neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte count were 73.00 ± 0.20, 18.80 ± 0.17, 5.33 ± 0.16, respectively. Significant increase due to age (for neutrophils and lymphocytes in older and younger group animals), as well as due to treatment (for neutrophils and lymphocytes in control group; and monocytes in urine treated group) as well as in Hb, TEC and PCV in urine treated group was observed, indicating favourable hematological response. However, other parameters (ESR,TLC and CT) remained unaffected due to treatment. Majority of animals for control and treatment group as well as younger and older animals had straw-coloured and transparent urine with ammonical odour and urine in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. However, there was phenomenal improvement in the transparency of urine over time from 62.5 to 100.0%. Overall least-squares means for pH, specific gravity, urea and creatinine concentrations in urine were 7.74 ± 0.02, 1.03 ± 0.00, 258.12 ± 0.32 g/dL and 27.13 ± 0.07 g/dL, and remained unaffected due to effects under study. At the end of the experiment faeces continued to have Amphistome eggs but was clear of Fasciola sp. eggs. Majority of animals of control and treatment group animals had pink CMM and found ‘standing plus ruminating’ in the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Overall least-squares means for BCS, Ig level and TFT were 3.70 ± 0.07, 1.04±0.11 g/ dL and 7.11±0.22 mm. The values for Ig and TFT were significantly higher in younger and older animals, respectively. There was an overall improvement in the total feed (fodder and concentrate) intake from 12.73 to 13.01 kg/animal/ day and reduction in left-over from 0.56 to 0.41 kg/ animal/ day. The experimental feed could thus be concluded as palatable to growing Badri cattle.
Open Access
A study on various performance traits of Badri cattle, reared under farm conditions
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Gangwar, Anuj; Sanjay Kumar
Present study was conducted from 1st Sept. 2017 to 30 April 2018 on Brown, Black and Grey Badri cattle. A study on various performance traits of Badri cattle, reared under farm conditions was done to know the body morphometric, production, reproduction traits, physiological, blood parameters and urine examination, basis on the three colour Brown, Black and Grey at Instructional Dairy Farm, Beni, Pantnagar and Nariyal village farm, Champawat. Overall rectal temperature during study period were as 101.51±0.18, 101.60±0.04 and 101.33±0.03°F for Brown, Black and Grey Badri cattle, respectively. Rectal temperature of Nariyal farm cattle was comparatively less than Beni farm, cattle. Overall pulse rate during study period were recorded as 59.72±0.30, 59.90±0.80 and 60.00±0.57 beats/minute for Grey, Black and Brown Badri cattle, respectively. Overall respiration rate during study period were measured as 28.30±2.40, 28.80±0.60 and 27.60±0.94 breaths/minute for Brown, Black and Grey Badri cattle, respectively. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were highest in Black followed by Brown and Grey Badri cattle. Lactation lengths of Brown, Black and Grey cows were recorded as 254.65±1.05, 233.60±7.50 and 252.60±17.17 days, respectively. Lactation length and lactation milk yield were highest in Brown followed by Grey and Black Badri cattle. Service period, lactation length, lactation milk yield, daily milk yield, inter calving period, dry period, PCV and oestrus cycle duration showed a significant (P≤0.05) difference among all three group of cattle. Daily milk yield of Brown, Black and Grey cows were recorded as 1.83±0.03, 1.83±0.09 and 1.43±0.40 kg, respectively. Daily milk yield was high in Brown and Black cattle as compare to Grey Badri cattle. Inter calving period was highest in Brown followed by Black and Grey Badri cattle. Age at first oestrous recorded as 33.50±0.20, 34.20±1.10 and 33.30±3.05 months for Brown, Black and Grey Badri cows, respectively. Ages at first mating were recorded as 36.10±0.60, 37.00±1.00 and 36.40±1.98 month for Brown, Black and Grey Badri cows, respectively. Overall hemoglobin mean among Brown, Black and Grey cattle were 12.39±0.11, 12.29±0.01 and 12±0.76 g/dl, respectively. Overall PCV mean among Brown, Black and Grey Badri cattle were 36.75±4.75, 39.40±3.20 and 39.17±4.77%, respectively. Overall total erythrocyte count mean among Brown, Black and Grey cattle were 6.12±0.79, 6.55±0.74 and 6.52±0.79x106 cell/μl, respectively. Overall total leukocyte count mean among Brown, Black and Grey cattle were 9.49±0.59, 9.65±0.38 and 8.72±1.55x103 cell/μl, respectively. Total urine volume was 12 liter in 24-hour period. Color of urine was light yellow (straw color) among Brown, Black and Grey cattle. There was a non significant (P≥0.05) difference between morphometric traits, specific gravity, pH, hemoglobin among all three groups of cattle. Badri cattle are important germplasm of the country, traditionally suiting to Indian climatic conditions especially in hilly area. Therefore, suitable selection and breeding programme need to be undertaken for their further conservation and improvement. Urine of Badri cattle may be useful for ayurvedic therapeutic preparation in comparison to crossbred cows. Brown and Grey Badri cattle have comparatively good performance in comparison with Black cattle.
Open Access
Study on existing dairy animal husbandry practices in U.S. Nagar district of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-01) Yadav, Shikha; Anil Kumar
Present study was carried on five different clusters involving 180 farmers from different five clusters, 36 farmers of each cluster were selected in U .S. Nagar district of Uttarakhand from January 2017 to June 2017 with the objective of studying socioeconomic profile, management practices, constraints etc. Maximum numbers of farmers of selected area were found socio-economically sound as land holdings were ranges from medium to large with them. The average number of cattle in the study area was 3.51±0.11 (ranges from 2.91±0.17 to 4.55±0.28) whereas the buffalo were 2.28±0.13 (ranges from 1.44±0.44 to 3.38±0.45) with average number of 5.79±0.24 total per household. Majority of the farmers had pucca house (73.89 percent), good sanitation (86.67 percent) and ventilation (85 percent), semi intensive type (76.67 percent) type of housing. Regarding existing feeding practices, most the farmers were aware about the importance of green fodder feeding, concentrate feeding, inclusion of mineral mixture and salt in feed and colostrum feeding. Farmers of study area has adopted artificial insemination in cattle (98.33 percent ), where as in buffalo 100 percent farmers were adopted naural insemination. They were aware about the symptoms of heat detection as well as insemination (93.33 percent) at right time i.e. in between 12-18 hours after onset of heat. The overall data revealed that majority of farmers i.e. 86.67 per cent followed vaccination schedule in their animals. Deworming, debudding in calf, navel calf treatment, measures to control ecto-parasites were the routine practices adopted by the majority of the farmers in selected area. Women were participating actively in all managemental practices including feeding, insemination, milking, sale of the animal etc. than the men. There were several constraints were also reported like unavailability of pedigreed buffalo bulls for natural insemination, lack of knowledge of contagious diseases and their preventive measures etc. Based on above it can be concluded that majority of dairy farmers were found to have high level of awareness regarding housing, feeding, health care and breeding management. It was also concluded that role of women in most of the animal husbandry practices were predominant in the survey area. There were certain aspects where they followed management practices properly to certain extent but most of the feeding and breeding practices need to be improved in surveyed area. To overcome the constraints of various management practices, awareness and motivation camps should be organized.
Open Access
A study on certain physico-biochemical attributes of local Pantja Buck semen
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-05) Shail Nidhi; Palod, Jyoti
Pantja is the local breed of goat found in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. In present investigation 6 local Pantja bucks B6, B5, B4, B3, B2 and B1 of age 11, 14, 15, 18, 20 and 34 months with body weights 16, 17, 21, 26, 28 and 40 kg respectively, maintained at Goat unit, LPM Department, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, were selected to study certain physic-microscopic tests, complementary biochemical tests, biochemical attributes and elemental attributes of semen and morphology of sperm. Semen collection was done at about 9.009.30 a.m. by artificial vagina method twice weekly per buck. Immediately after collection, physical examination of fresh semen was done first and then microscopic examination of undiluted and diluted semen was performed. After that complementary biochemical tests were performed on fresh semen. For tests performed in seminal plasma, semen was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and was stored at -18 ºC except for the tests performed in fresh seminal plasma. Sperm dimensions and abnormalities were also measured by microscopy. The results of the experiment indicated that maximum samples 58.33 and 33.66 per cent were creamy in color and creamy consistency and minimum 9.1 and 4.5 per cent were yellow in color and watery in consistency respectively. It was found that maximum samples obtained from older bucks were creamy in color and consistency. The volume of the semen increased with age of the bucks with an overall value of 0.54 ± 0.02 ml (range 0.38 ± 0.03 to 0.78 ± 0.04 ml). Mass motility, individual motility and sperm concentration of semen was increased with age of the animal and found maximum for buck B1. Mean sperm dimensions viz. sperm head length, head width, flagellum length and sperm total length by light microscope (100X) were found as 8.03 ± 0.02, 3.98 ± 0.02, 51.92 ± 0.11 and 60.05 ± 0.10 µm respectively. Average mean values of sperm head length, head width, head base width, head thickness, acrosome thickness, mid piece length, principal piece length, end piece length, mid piece thickness, principal piece thickness and total sperm length by SEM was recorded as 8.46 ± 0.03, 4.05 ± 0.02, 2.17 ± 0.01, 0.45 ± 0.00, 0.57 ± 0.00, 10.72 ± 0.61, 37.47 ± 0.07, 3.52 ± 0.66, 0.76 ± 0.02, 0.52 ± 0.00 and 60.17 ± 0.02 µm respectively. These parameters were independent of buck age. Average mean values of primary and secondary sperm abnormalities were found as 1.77 and 2.44 per cent respectively with overall total sperm abnormalities 4.22 per cent. Overall mean value of pH was found (6.61 ± 0.02) independent of buck age. Resazurin and Methylene blue reduction time were noted higher for younger bucks and minimum for older bucks with overall value 3.15 ± 0.25 and 6.04±0.36 min. respectively. Mean values of HOST and Millovanov’s resistance test were recorded as 36.10 ± 1.17 per cent and 5216.70 ± 1.94 respectively. The mean values of mass motility, individual motility and livability of sperms were found as 1.60 ± 0.09, 36.76 ± 0.69 per cent, 16.76 ± 0.86 per cent at 0°C, 1.93 ± 0.12, 47.36 ± 0.94 per cent, 27.30 ± 0.80 per cent at 10°C and 3.46 ± 0.37, 74.03 ± 0.82 per cent, 71.03±0.867 per cent at 37°C respectively. Overall mean values of glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, creatinine, urea, uric acid, fructose and cholesterol were found as 38.86 ± 0.78, 4.61 ± 0.11, 2.22 ± 0.05, 2.32 ± 0.06, 1.09 ± 0.04, 1.99 ± 0.03, 42.26 ± 0.99, 7.16 ± 0.14, 605.84 ± 14.26 and 152.10 ± 3.14 respectively. Concentrations of elements Mg, P, Cl, Zn, Cu, Fe and Ca in seminal plasma of Pantja bucks were 2.84 ± 0.05, 8.09 ± 0.24, 86.00 ± 4.94, 0.29 ± 0.06, 0.04 ± 0.00, 0.16 ± 0.03 and 10.50 ± 0.33 respectively. Concentration of most of biochemical and elemental constituents were found higher in mature animals as compared to yearlings. Results of present study reveal that Pantja buck produce good quality semen, having semen characteristics similar to other goat breeds of the country. They are therefore well suited for breeding purpose and can be used for natural services as well as production of semen for artificial insemination.
Open Access
Application of indigenous rural know- how (use of Chedu and Mattha) on well- being of Murrah buffalo calves
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-06) Ramesh Kumar; Sanjay Kumar
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of Chedu (brown color residue obtained during ghee preparation) and Mattha (traditionally made by removing butter from curd by dilution) on ectoparasites, endoparasites, hematology and growth performance of Murrah buffalo calves. Twenty Murrah buffalo calves were randomly allotted into four groups nearness to their body weight (5 calves/group) for 90 days i.e., Control (T0) and Treatments (T1: application of Chedu on body coat @150gm/animal mixed with equal amount of water, T2: administration of Mattha @ 2% of body weight mixed with salt 0.5 % of Mattha, T3: use of both Chedu and mattha). The overall body weight gain (kg) was statistically significant (P<0.05) in T1 (36.6), T2 (43.6), and T3 (44.8) as compared to T0 (31kg). The overall change in body length (cm) was statistically significant (P<0.05) in T3 (11.4 cm) as compared to T0 (7.2cm). The gain in Heart girth (cm) observed statistically significant difference in treatment groups (7.8, 12, and 13 cm in T1, T2 and T3 respectively) as compared to control group (7 cm). The gain in paunch girth (cm) was observed statistically significant difference in treatment groups (8, 10.6, and 11.6 cm in T1, T2 and T3 respectively) as compared to T0 group (6.2 cm). Height at withers (cm) of calves were observed statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in treatment groups (10.20 and 11.8 cm in T2, and T3 respectively) as compare to control group (5.40 cm). Hemoglobin (gm/dl) showed statistically significant difference in treatment groups (10.02 ± 0.19 and 10.20±019, in T2 and T3 respectively) as compare to control group (7.48±0.06). In packed cell volume (%), statistically significant difference were observed (30.36 ± 0.21 and 30±0.18 in T2 and T3 group respectively) as compared with control group (28.72±0.49). The results of Erythrocytic sedimentation rate were observed significantly differ (P<0.05) in T3 (38.40± 0.75) as compared to T0 (69.00±1.00). Total Erythrocytic count value showed significant result (P<0.05) 7.16±0.18 in T3 as compare to T0 (8.72±0.13). However non significant result was observed in total leucocytic count, whereas in Neutrophills statistically significant results (P<0.05) were observed 31±0.71 and 29.40 ±0.68 in T2 and T3 respectively as compare to T0 (19.40±0.51). Eosinophills showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in T3 (4.0±0.32) as compare to T0 (9.0±0.45). In Lymphocyte significant difference (P<0.05) was observed 62.80±0.58 in T3 as compare to 69.80±0.49 in T0. Monocytes showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) 3.20 ±0.37 in T2 and T3 as compare to 1.80±0.37 in T0. The endoparasites (Egg per gram in feces) were observed statistically significant (less) in T2 and T3 (20±12.25 and 20±12.25) as compare to T0 and T1 (270±20 and 230±20) due to the effect of Mattha. Effect of Chedu was seen in T1 and T3 as preventive measure for ectoparasites as compare to T0 and T2. The investigation revealed that use of indigenous by-products (Chedu and Mattha) is beneficial for proper growth and act as a preventive technology tool for control of ecto and endo parasites in Murrah buffalo calves.
Open Access
Awareness and adoption of scientific dairy husbandary practices: An analysis of dairy farmers in tarai region of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Tewari, Himani; Sanjay Kumar
Present study was carried on five centres involving 160 farmers from 87 villages in U.S. Nagar district of Uttarakhand from August 1, 2012 to March 10, 2013 with the objective of studying socio-economic profile, awareness level, degree of adoption and the constraints faced by the farmers in the adoption of scientific dairy husbandry practices. About (66.25 %) of respondents were middle aged, (43.75 %) farmers had agriculture as main occupation, (40.00 %) respondents were educated up to graduation level, about (33.75 %) farmers were small farmers, (30.62 %) maintained large herd and (80.00 %) farmers had nuclear family. Most of the farmers (94.38 %) had access to various animal health services, (89.38 %) farmers were dependant on government hospitals for veterinary aid. The overall mean value for AP,AFS,AFCON,AFC,NSRC,LP,DP and MY in indigenous, crossbred and buffaloes were 780.85±5.44days,518±4.96 days,773.28±1.98 days,780.92±2.16days, 635.32±2.19days, 872.13±2.34 days,786.48±2.08 days, 647.08±2.35 days,876.66±2.37 days,1072.03 ±2.18 days, 932.53±2.35 days and 1184.47±2.45 days,3.88 ±0.19 times, 3.89±0.13 times, 3.43±0.12 times ,226.70±1.90 days, 288.77±0.75 days 293.33±0.76 days, 138.29±1.90 days, 76.32±0.73 days, 71.66±0.76 days, 3.60±0.24 liters, 16.23±0.36 liters and 15.07±0.21 liters, respectively. Out of all the diseases Fever, Mastitis, Surra, H.S and F.M.D in order of occurrence were found (96.25 %), (88.75 %), (85.00 %), (60.00 %) and (64.38%) respectively. All the farmers were aware about the importance of drainage, regular cleaning of shed, protecting animals against weather extremes, grazing, concentrate feeding during lean period, basis of concentrate feeding as per their milk yield and fat percentage, supplement of additional concentrate feeding to pregnant animals and heifers, adding salt in animal ration and the chaffing of fodder. About (96.25 %) were aware about the cutting of navel cord, navel cord disinfection and cleaning of teats and udder before nursing of calf. About (85.00 %) respondents were aware of ideal identification method used for calves. About (80.63 %) and (51.25 %) respondents were unaware of accurate time and repetition of de worming. All the farmers (100.00 %) of five centres were aware about the facilities like electricity, water, feeding mangers, assistance and frequency of offering water to pregnant animals, milking interval, practice of washing hands with antiseptic solution, clean clothes of milker’s, milker’s test for T.B and removal of mucous membrane immediately after birth. About (87.50 %) farmers considered body weight as the main criteria for first time mating. Majority of farmers (98.12 %) preferred A.I over natural service. Most of the farmers (88.13 %) preferred mating in their animals 8 to 12 hours after showing heat symptoms. All the farmers adopted the practice of maintenance of breeding records, followed the practice of washing of external genitalia and hind quarter of animal, offer ad-libitum feeding of water to pregnant animals. Majority of the farmers (65.62 %) practiced twice milking, about (53.75 %) farmers followed knuckling, and (60.00 %) farmers checked their animals for mastitis only when it was required. About (42.50 %),(52.50%),(31.25 %) and (56.25 %) farmers faced problems of lower socio-economic status, poor education, small farm size and less farm experience and lack of co-operation and co-ordination, respectively in adoption of scientific dairy husbandry practices. Most of the farmers (91.87 %) faced the problem of unavailability of high genetic merit bulls for semen donation and natural service, while none of the farmers faced the problem of poor conception rates through A.I. About (60.62 %), (53.75 %) and (65.62 %) of farmers were facing the problem of delayed heat occurrence, insemination at improper time and repeat breeding, respectively at various centres. None of the farmers faced the problem of unavailability of quality cattle feed and poor availability of concentrate and mineral mixture in the area. Most of the farmers (66.87 %) faced the problem of over-crowding in the animals while all the farmers faced the problem of short lactation length in animals. About (42.50 %) respondents reported the problem of delay in milk payment, whereas (38.12 %) respondents faced the problem of low price of milk offered. About (41.25 %) and (95.00 %) of the respondents were facing the problem of lack of knowledge about vaccination and de worming schedule in animals at all the five centers of study.
Open Access
Studies on comparative efficacy of herbal methionine vis-à-vis synthetic dl-methionine supplementation on the performance of commercial broiler chicks during winter and summer season
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Nanda, Subhankar; Tiwari, D.P.
Two feeding trials viz., during winter and summer seasons were conducted to discern the comparative effect of dietary supplementation of herbal methionine vis-à-vis synthetic DL-methionine on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics and serum biochemical parameters and economics (feed cost/ kg body weight gain) in commercial broiler chickens. In both the seasons 180, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 6 treatment groups with 3 replicates each that is 10 broiler chicks per replicate. The broiler chicks of treatment group T1 (control) were fed basal diet (starter and finisher diet), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3, T4 and T5 basal diets were supplemented with 0.2 % DL-methionine, 0.15 % DL-methionine + 0.05 % herbal methionine, 0.1 % DL-methionine + 0.1 % herbal methionine, 0.05% DL-methionine + 0.15 % herbal methionine and 0.2 % herbal methionine by replacing the DL-methionine at 0,25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent levels respectively. In both winter and summer seasons, the feeding trial lasted for viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). A metabolism trial was conducted during 6th week of feeding trial. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial for the study of serum biochemical parameters. At the end of feeding trial on 42nd day, 3 chicks from each replicates were sacrificed for the study of carcass characteristics. The growth performance parameters obtained during winter and summer seasons were pooled and average values were recorded. During starter phase, there was significant difference in body weight gain amongst the different treatment groups of broiler chicks. The overall average body weight gain was 618.45, 637.73, 639.60, 649.40, 641.35 and 653.88 g, respectively, in broiler chicks of T1, T2, T3, T4 T5 and T6. The highest body weight gain was in treatment T6 and lowest in treatment T1. The feed intake, performance index, protein efficiency ratio and production efficiency factor did not differ significantly among different groups. The feed conversion ratio was significantly better in treatment T6 than other treatment groups. During 21-42 days (finisher phase) the overall average pooled body weight gains in broiler chicks were 1284.90, 1325.51, 1399.52, 1326.82, 1357.50 and 1354.42 g, respectively, in the treatment groups T1,T2, T3, T4 T5 and T6 and differed significantly amongst the groups. Body weight gain was maximum in treatment T1. The feed intake was also significantly higher in treatment T3, however, feed conversion ratio, performance index, protein efficiency ratio and production efficiency factor in broiler chicks of various groups were statistically similar. During the entire feeding trial (0-42 days) the overall cumulative average pooled values showed significant difference (0.01) in weight gain and feed intake amongst the different treatment groups of broiler chicks. The average body weight gain was 1903.29, 1963.24, 2039.11, 1976.22, 1998.85 ad 2009.75 g in broiler chicks of treatment groups T1,T2, T3, T4 T5 and T6, respectively. The feed intake was highest in treatment group T3 and lowest in treatment T1, whereas feed intake was statistically similar in treatment T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6. There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio, performance index, protein efficiency ratio and production efficiency factor among the different treatment groups. There was significant difference in nutrient utilization in dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and gross energy amongst the different the treatment groups. The nutrient utilization was highest in treatment T5 and T6 and lowest in treatment T1 and T2. The various carcass traits in broilers were not affected due to either sources of methionine supplementation but dressing percentage was significantly highest in treatment T6 than treatment T1. There was significant difference in dry matter, crude protein, ether extract content in breast and thigh muscles of broiler chicks. The serum biochemical parameters showed significant reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides contents in treatments T5 and T6 as compared to other treatment groups. The serum glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin concentration were significantly higher in broiler chicks of herbal supplemented groups. The activities of SGOT, SGPT and ALP differed significantly amongst the treatment groups. The SGPT and SGOT values were significantly higher in treatment groups T1 without any methionine supplementation than the broiler chicks fed diet supplemented with herbal methionine as well as synthetic DL-methionine. The feed cost/ kg weight gain differed significantly during starter and finisher phase of feeding trial and the overall pooled values of feed cost per kg body weight gain were considerably higher in treatment groups and supplemented with herbal and synthetic DL-methionine than broiler chicks of control groups. It was concluded that supplementation of herbal methionine in the diet of starter and finisher broiler chicks improved the growth performance and nutrient utilization coupled with reduction in serum cholesterol and triglyceride without affecting the carcass traits but the feed cost per kg weight gain was increased due to supplementation of herbal as well as synthetic DL-methionine
Open Access
Study of nettle grass (Urtica diocia) powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits and haemato-biochemical parametes in broiler chicken
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Pandey, Rajesh; Anil Kumar
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nettle (Urtica dioica) plant supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics and haematobiochemical parameters in male broiler chicken. A total of 96 broilers (Cobb strain) were randomly allocated in different dietary treatments viz. 1. Control with basal diet (T1), 2. Basal diet with 0.5 percent nettle (T2), 3. Basal diet with 1 percent nettle (T3) and 4. Basal diet with 1.5 percent nettle (T4). There were 3 replications per treatment with 8 chicks in each. The dietary supplementation of the nettle did not influence (P>0.05) any of the growth performance parameter i.e. body weight gain, feed intake and FCR of the broilers during whole experimental period. On day 42, two birds per replicate were slaughtered for determination of carcass and organ weights. In carcass characteristics, percentage breast weight, liver weight and gizzard weight were significantly increased in broilers fed 1 percent, 0.5 percent and 1 percent nettle diet, respectively. Although, feeding diets containing 1 percent nettle significantly affected breast crude protein (P<0.05), nettle at 0.5 percent had no significant influence when compared to control. None of the processing loss related parameters were statistically different among all the treatments. In haematological parameters TEC, PCV, Hb, MCH and MCHC were significantly increased at 1.5 percent nettle and MCV at 0.5 percent nettle supplementation (p<0.05). PCV values had no significant difference among nettle treated groups. Cholesterol and triglyceride of nettle incorporated diet were significantly different (p<0.05) when compared to control. Furthermore, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, SGOT and SGPT were numerically improved when compared to control. Results showed that nettle supplementation at 1 percent may be advised to improve the carcass traits and growth performance in broiler chickens and further research to elucidate the mechanism for potentially enhanced growth through nettle supplementation in basal diet of broilers is required.
Open Access
Performance evaluation of Sahiwal cattle maintained at farm and field conditions
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Singh, Devesh; Singh, C.B.
The present investigation was aimed to study the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on production and reproduction traits, predicting the first lactation milk yield on the basis of first peak yield, first service period and days attain to first peak yield in different combinations. The records of 308 Sahiwal cows, sired by 38 bulls spread over a period of 32 years (1981-2012), maintained at Instructional Dairy Farm, Nagla of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) and animal maintained under AICRP on cattle Sahiwal under field conditions. The data maintained at Chak Ganjaria farm, Lucknow were also utilized for the study. The effects of non genetic factors of these traits were studied by least square analysis for nonorthogonal data, using by the technique described by Hervey (1990). The least squares means for AFC, FCI, FSP, FLL, FLMY, 305 FLMY, FDP, FPY and DAFPY were found to be 1281.89±15.57 days, 426.70±8.53 days, 140.85±8.90 days, 290.42±5.57 days, 1927.50±36.68 kg, 1965.05±27.30 kg, 136.28±8.78 days, 11.15±0.39 kg and 41.78±2.97 days respectively. The heritability estimates of corresponding traits were observed as 0.45±0.12, 0.25±0.07, 0.25±0.09, 0.25±0.11, 0.25±0.07, 0.37±0.12, 0.44±0.15, 0.16±0.03 and 0.19±0.04 respectively. The traits first peak yield and days attain to first peak yield indicated low genetic base. However, other traits of study were medium heritable traits. Highly significant effect (P<0.01) of sire was observed in all the traits, while season was found to influence the first lactation milk yield and 305 days first lactation milk yield at 5% level of significance. The period of calving significantly influenced age at first calving and first peak yield while FCI, FSP, FLL, FLMY, 305 FLMY, FDP and DAFPY were reported to show non-significant effect of period. The highly significant effect of farm was found on all traits under study at 1% level except first lactation length and days attain to first peak yield traits. Almost all the genetic and phenotypic correlations of different production and reproduction traits with other traits under the study were found in desired direction. On the basis of the regression analysis it could be concluded that the first peak yield in combination with days attain to first peak yield may be used in prediction the FLMY in Sahiwal cattle.

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