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20133
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Subject: Human Nutrition × End date: 2013 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Preliminary study to establish relationship between nutritional plane and hypothyroidism
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-12) Budhalkoti, Nidhi; Kulshrestha, Kalpana
    Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders in India. Hypothyroidism is a very common condition. The condition is more common in women than in men, and its incidence increases with age. For the present study 150 females of age between 21 to 50 years were selected by random sampling from Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar District, Uttarakhand and were interviewed using a predesigned proforma. The subjects mainly belonged to middle and upper income group. They were assessed for their dietary intake, physical activity levels, symptoms of hypothyroidism, anthropometric measurements, BMI and body composition. On the basis of symptoms, anthropometric measurements, BMI and body composition analysis, subjects suspected to have hypothyroidism (n=30) were screened out and their blood and urine samples were collected for estimation of thyroid hormone and serum albumin levels and estimation of urinary iodine levels respectively. Out of 30 only 6 (20%) were detected to be suffering from hypothyroidism with TSH levels ranging from 5.64-19.34 μIU/ ml and the results of the Urinary Iodine Excretion (UIE) levels revealed that among these subjects only 2 (33.3%) were suffering from iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism in the rest 4 (66.7%) may be attributed to autoimmune diseases. The study also included the known cases of hypothyroidism (n=24) who were receiving levothyroxine therapy. Therefore, there were total 30 subjects who were suffering from hypothyroidism out of 150 subjects and the rest 120 were normal. Based on food avoidance, food preferences and dietary habits of normal (n=120) and hypothyroid (n=30) subjects there was not much difference between them, as was also evident from dietary diversity scores. The mean dietary diversity scores of hypothyroid and normal subjects were 5.8±0.88 and 6.0±0.90 respectively. Physical activity levels of hypothyroid patients were found to be sluggish as compared to normal subjects. There was a significant difference between the weight, waist and hip circumference however no difference was observed in the waist-hip ratio of normal and hypothyroid subjects. As evident from statistical analysis a significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) of weight, waist and hip circumference and a non-significant positive correlation of waist-hip ratio were found with hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was more among obese and overweight female subjects according to BMI. There was a significant difference between the BMI of normal and hypothyroid subjects with the mean values of 24.05 and 28.23 kg/m2 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) between BMI and hypothyroidism. The body composition data showed that the fat mass per cent of hypothyroid subjects (41.3%) was significantly higher than the normal patients (32.2 per cent) whereas, the fat free mass, total body water, protein mass, mineral mass and muscle mass (per cent) of normal subjects was significantly higher than hypothyroid patients. There was significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) of fat mass per cent and a significant negative correlation (p≤0.01) of fat free mass, total body water, protein, mineral and muscle mass (per cent) with hypothyroidism.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Formulation, quality evaluation and therapeutic assessment of finger millet and foxtail millet flour incorporated buns for diabetics
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Tiwari, Neha; Srivastava, Sarita
    The present study was conducted to evaluate physical characteristics, nutritional quality and total antioxidant activity of finger millet and foxtail millet flour; formulation of finger and foxtail millet flour incorporated buns, its nutrient analysis, storage quality and evaluation of hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effect of buns on type 2 diabetics. Finger millet showed higher value for physical properties like thousand kernel weight (2.90g), thousand kernel volume (4.0 ml), bulk density (1.10 g/ml), hydration capacity (0.058 g) and per cent flour recovery (67.28 per cent) than foxtail millet. The results of proximate analysis showed significantly higher amount of total ash (2.51%), crude protein (12.23 %), crude fat (3.49 %), crude fiber (4.79%), and energy (353 kcal) in foxtail millet flour as compared to finger millet flour and refined wheat flour. The insoluble dietary fiber content was significantly higher for foxtail millet flour (11.01%). However, finger millet flour contained significantly higher amount of soluble dietary fiber (7.00%) and total dietary fiber (17.06%) than foxtail millet flour and control refined wheat flour. Foxtail millet flour contained higher amount resistant starch (15.10 %) than finger millet flour (14.85%) and refined wheat flour (1.01 %). Total antioxidant activity was also found highest in finger millet flour (71.07 %) as compared to foxtail millet flour (65.85%) and refined wheat flour (20.62%). Foxtail millet flour incorporated buns contained significantly higher amount of crude protein (10.82 per cent), crude fat (4.75 per cent), crude fibre (2.10 per cent), total ash (1.71 per cent), phosphorus (115.05mg/100g), insoluble dietary fiber (5.28 per cent), total dietary fiber (9.44 per cent) and resistant starch (22.60 per cent) than finger millet flour incorporated buns. Finger millet flour incorporated buns contained significantly higher amount of calcium, soluble dietary fiber, total antioxidant activity as compared to foxtail millet flour incorporated buns and control refined wheat flour buns. The lowest GI value was observed for buns containing foxtail millet flour and finger millet flour (32.81 and 36.57, respectively) than control refined wheat flour buns (59.54). The subjects showed a significant decrease (p≤0.01) in fasting blood glucose (from 146.60±10.15 to 126.42±11.20) and post prandial blood glucose level (from209.90±10.12 to 179.60±10.60) in E1 (finger millet flour incorporated buns supplemented group )in comparison to control group. A significant decrease was also observed in E2 (foxtail millet flour incorporated buns supplemented group in fasting blood glucose (149.00±7.44 to 123.40±7.21) and post prandial blood glucose level (215.80±9.50 to 183.10±8.21) in comparison to control group. Further, regarding the lipid profile of the subjects, 3.85, 12.53, 4.74, 7.33 per cent reduction (significant at P≤0.05) was observed in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides in E1 group. In E2 group a significant reduction was also observed in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. The control group has not shown any significant change after the supplementation. Thus it can be concluded that finger millet flour incorporated buns and foxtail millet flour incorporated buns contains good proportion of nutrients viz., crude protein, crude fibre, dietary fibre and minerals viz., calcium, iron, zinc, chromium, antioxidant activity and resistant starch. These have low glycemic index and show ameliorative characteristics towards hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cereal-vegetable based antioxidant rich food products: Formulation and evaluation for suitability in diabetic subjects
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Anand, Sonia; Awasthi, Pratima
    A field study was conducted during kharif, 2010 and 2011 to assess the effect of age of seedling (10 days and 15 days old) and weed management practices viz. 2, 3 and 4 times mechanical weeding (CW) in both direction, PE+IHW (pre-emergence herbicide application plus one hand weeding), PE+2 CW and modified SRI (transplanting of single seedling at 25x12.5cm distance +2 CW in one direction only) on productivity of rice under System of Rice Intensification at N.E. Borlogue Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (29o N latitude, 79o29’ E longitude and 283.8m above the msl), Uttarakhand. Treatments were tested in Factorial Randomized Block Design with four replications. Pant Sankar Dhan 3 was sown on 10Th June and seedling was transplanted after 10 and 15 days after sowing in both the years. The age of seedling and weed management practices had significant effect on growth, yield and yield attributes of rice. The younger seedling (10 days) produced significantly higher grain yield in both the years (4.93 t/ha in 2010 and 5.00 t/ha in 2011) as well as when data was pooled (4.97t/ha) than 15 days (4.69 t/ha in 2010 and 4.82 in 2011) and 4.76 t/ha. Consequently interaction effect was also found significant. Pooled data showed that modified SRI resulted the highest grain yield of rice (5.45 t/ha) which was statistically at par with 3 (5.06 t/ha) and 4 CW (5.35 t/ha) and PE + 2CW (5.09 t/ha). However, PE+2CW with using 10 days seedling was found economically viable as it was given highest net return (Rs.23374.00) and benefit cost ratio (1.81) than others. Young seedlings also had increased significantly growth parameters like plant height, number of shoots per m2, plant dry matter, root length, root volume, number of leaves, LAI as well as yield attributes (viz. panicle length, number of panicle per m2, total filled grain per m2, grain weight per panicle and thousand grains weight) than old seedlings. Also N and P uptake by rice and N, P and K uptake by weed were significantly higher than 15 days seedlings. Weed management practices had significant influenced on growth, yield and yield contributing characters. Modified SRI produced significantly higher grain, straw and total biological yields of rice which was statistically at par to 4 CW. Modified SRI produced 289 and 283 panicles m-2, 22.1 and 16.2 thousand filled grain m-2 in 2010 and 2011, respectively followed by 4 CW, 3CW and PE+2CW. Based on the two years studies, it can be concluded that transplanting of 10 days seedlings with modified SRI followed by 4CW are capable to produced higher yields but both these practices found to have increased the cost of cultivation, therefore, it is better to adopt PE+ 2 CW which resulted in highest net return and B: C ratio.