Preliminary study to establish relationship between nutritional plane and hypothyroidism
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Date
2013-12
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders in India. Hypothyroidism is a very common condition. The condition is more common in women than in men, and its incidence increases with age. For the present study 150 females of age between 21 to 50 years were selected by random sampling from Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar District, Uttarakhand and were interviewed using a predesigned proforma. The subjects mainly belonged to middle and upper income group. They were assessed for their dietary intake, physical activity levels, symptoms of hypothyroidism, anthropometric measurements, BMI and body composition. On the basis of symptoms, anthropometric measurements, BMI and body composition analysis, subjects suspected to have hypothyroidism (n=30) were screened out and their blood and urine samples were collected for estimation of thyroid hormone and serum albumin levels and estimation of urinary iodine levels respectively. Out of 30 only 6 (20%) were detected to be suffering from hypothyroidism with TSH levels ranging from 5.64-19.34 μIU/ ml and the results of the Urinary Iodine Excretion (UIE) levels revealed that among these subjects only 2 (33.3%) were suffering from iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism in the rest 4 (66.7%) may be attributed to autoimmune diseases. The study also included the known cases of hypothyroidism (n=24) who were receiving levothyroxine therapy. Therefore, there were total 30 subjects who were suffering from hypothyroidism out of 150 subjects and the rest 120 were normal. Based on food avoidance, food preferences and dietary habits of normal (n=120) and hypothyroid (n=30) subjects there was not much difference between them, as was also evident from dietary diversity scores. The mean dietary diversity scores of hypothyroid and normal subjects were 5.8±0.88 and 6.0±0.90 respectively. Physical activity levels of hypothyroid patients were found to be sluggish as compared to normal subjects. There was a significant difference between the weight, waist and hip circumference however no difference was observed in the waist-hip ratio of normal and hypothyroid subjects. As evident from statistical analysis a significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) of weight, waist and hip circumference and a non-significant positive correlation of waist-hip ratio were found with hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was more among obese and overweight female subjects according to BMI. There was a significant difference between the BMI of normal and hypothyroid subjects with the mean values of 24.05 and 28.23 kg/m2 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) between BMI and hypothyroidism. The body composition data showed that the fat mass per cent of hypothyroid subjects (41.3%) was significantly higher than the normal patients (32.2 per cent) whereas, the fat free mass, total body water, protein mass, mineral mass and muscle mass (per cent) of normal subjects was significantly higher than hypothyroid patients. There was significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) of fat mass per cent and a significant negative correlation (p≤0.01) of fat free mass, total body water, protein, mineral and muscle mass (per cent) with hypothyroidism.
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Thesis-PhD
Keywords
deficiency diseases, nutritional state, hypothyroidism, thyroid gland