Loading...
Theses
Browse
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Remediation of wastewater through algae and natural coagulants(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-10) Pachhai, Vandana; Srivastava, R.K.The present study was done in order to use various natural coagulants and algae culture for the removal of water pollutants from wastewater. Natural coagulants were prepared from bark of plant spp. such as Eucalyptus grandis (Eucalyptus) and Melia azedarach (Bakain or Pride of India) by drying and subsequent grinding. Initial concentrations of various parameters in the wastewater were analyzed to determine the pollutants characteristics in wastewater. The prepared natural coagulants were used to remove water pollutants that include BOD, COD, Pb and Cu present in the wastewater sample. The wastewater was found with higher BOD and COD value of about 230 mg/l and 1000 mg/l respectively. Pb and Cu content were found in wastewater of about 0.942 mg/l and 0.145 mg/l respectively. Wastewater treatment was carried out using different dosages of all the above prepared natural coagulants (1gm, 2gm and 5gm) and algae culture (1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml) separately at three different retention times (24 HRT, 48 HRT and 72 HRT). Maximum removal efficiency was recorded using natural coagulants at 5gm dosages per liter of the sample at 72hrs retention time. The maximum pollutant removal efficiency in percentage for BOD, COD, Pb and Cu was found to be 91.30, 91.00, 91.61 and 91.03 respectively. Further, it has been observed that the natural coagulants had higher removal efficiency for water pollutants as compared to the algae so it may conclude that natural coagulants may be used as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for remediation of wastewater.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of river Kalyani in context of its pollutants load(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-11) Arya, Vandana; Srivastava, R.K.The present study was done to assess the water quality of river Kalyani in context of its pollutants load. Water samples were collected from five sampling locations of the river and analysed for physico-chemical water quality parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, Sodium and Chloride. Among the five sampling locations, Jagatpura and Dhobhighat i.e. 230 mg/l, 1010 mg/l and 260 mg/l, 1012 mg/l respectively. The Sodium and Chloride concentration were also high in location Jagatpura and Dhobhighat i.e. 110 mg/l, 738 mg/l and 114 mg/l, 741 mg/l respectively. These results indicated these locations are the most polluted because of the discharge of domestic waste and untreated or partial treated industrial effluent. The WQI was calculated for all the locations and the results estimated that location Pattharchatta has moderate water quality, location River Crest has poor water quality, and location Jagatpura, Dhobhighat and Khanpur has unsuitable for drinking water quality .Rivers are remain an important source of drinking water for many towns and cities, so it is necessary to protect river system and from pollution. Hence WQI is the best tool to determine water quality status and provides data that can be simply understood by the community. Thus, it facilitates the water management system that need to be implemented to improve the water quality on the basis of its water quality status.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of poultry litter biochar on soil chemical properties and growth of baby corn (Zea mays L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-10) Pandey, Ashutosh; Saraswat, ShwetaA pot experiment was conducted at Department of Environmental science, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand with the objective to study the effects of poultry litter biochar on soil chemical characteristics and growth of Baby corn (Zea mays L.) as well as economic analysis for the application of poultry litter biochar (PLB) on plant growth during spring season 2021. The pot experiment included 4 treatment and 6 replications. The results revealed that application of 75% RDF + 132 g PLB recorded higher plant parameter viz. plant height, number of leaves, width of leaf, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, cob yield, net returns and benefit cost ratio observed significantly higher in T4 while lowest was recorded in T1 that received (100% RDF). However, significantly higher protein content (13.64g/100g) were recorded in T4 (75% RDF+132 g PLB) which was found at par with T3 (13.51g/100g). The lowest crude protein was recorded in T1 (control). The chemical analysis of PLB indicated that it was highly alkaline in nature with pH (9.5), medium in salt content with an electrical conductivity 0.15 (dSm-1), total Carbon (43.4%), nitrogen (1.56%), phosphorus (0.07%) and potassium (0.05%). The chemical properties of soil differed significantly due to the application of varied levels of poultry litter biochar. In the present investigation soil pH (7.15), EC (0.25 dSm-1), Organic carbon (0.73%), available nitrogen (173.83 kg/ha), available phosphorous (22.82 kg/ha) and available potassium (161.17 kg/ha) were significantly higher in treatment T4 (75% RDF+132 g PLB) while the lowest was recorded in treatment T1 (100 % RDF). Significantly higher value of DTPA extractable zinc (0.68 mg/kg) and DTPA extractable Iron (4.30 mg/kg) was noticed in treatment T4 (75 % RDF + 132 g PLB), however did not showed any significant variation in soil after harvest of Baby corn. Application of poultry litter biochar (PLB) in to the soil decreased the soil acidity and improved the EC, soil organic carbon and soil nutrient status (available N, available P and available K) as a result the growth (plant height, number of plant leaf, Length and width of leaves, crop growth rate and protein content), yield and nutrient uptake of Baby corn increased as compared to fertilizers. Therefore 3 kg/pot soil amendment with 75% RDF and 132 g PLB can be used to increase its fertility, plant growth and further research is needed to be done in same. PLB might be a promising organic fertilizer with high nutrient composition. This will provide long-term productivity and eco-friendly management strategy for sustainable agriculture.ThesisItem Open Access Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles employing fruits peel waste and their efficiency for degrading malachite green dye(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-09) Bahuguna, Deepak; Saraswat, ShwetaOne of the major challenges in the 21st century is to satisfy the human requirement of clean water. Discharge of several untreated chemical and biological pollutants has deteriorated the drinking water quality. To minimize the effects of toxic chemicals, biological reduction agents are being explored worldwide for nanoparticle fabrication. The present study was undertaken to assess the synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from multiple fruits peel waste and their application for degradation of Malachite green dye. The fruit peels contain active biomolecules such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids in large quantity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FT-IR), DLS, XRD analysi, FE-SEM and EDX. Precursors used in synthesis were Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and NaOH, method used was bio-reduction and the prepared nanoparticles were employed under different parameters for degradation of malachite green dye. The size range of nanoparticles obtained was within the range of 60-100nm as reported by FESEM. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The maximum malachite green degradation, about 93.08% was obtained at pH 7, ZnO NPs concentration 150ppm and dye concentration 20ppm under solar irradiation. The results revealed that the pretreated mixed fruit peel waste is a promising resource for synthesizing nanoparticles due to the phytochemicals that act as good reducing and stabilizing agent, and can be further employed for the sake of environmental pollution remediation.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis and characterization of Zno nanobioparticles derived from mixed fruit waste and their optimization for chlorpyrifos degradation(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-09) Indu; Saraswat, ShwetaThe present study was undertaken to assess the synthesis of ZnO nanobioparticles (ZnO NBPs) from multiple fruit peel waste and application of the synthesized nanobioparticles for degradation of pesticide.The fruit peels contain active biomolecules like phenolic compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins in large amount. The synthesized nanobioparticle was characterized by using various techniques including UV-Vis Spectroscopy (Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy), FTIRanalysis (Fourier Transform Infrared), DLS analysis (Dynamic Light Scattering), XRD analysis (X-Ray Powder Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). Other precursors used in synthesis were Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and NaOH, method used was bio-reduction and combustion and the prepared NBP was employed under different parameters for degradation of chlorpyrifos. In general, the maximum chlorpyrifos degradation was obtained at pH 7, photocatalyst (ZnO) concentration 150 ppm, pesticide concentration 30 ppm under regular irradiation. The results revealed that the pretreated mixed fruit peel waste is a promising resource because of its phytochemicals that act as good reducing and stabilising agents for nanoparticle synthesis which can be further employed for the sake of water and environmental pollution remediation.ThesisItem Open Access Biodegradation of Zenzo (α) Pyrene by native bacteria employing nanoparticles(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Punetha, Arjita; Rai, J.P.N.In present study, potential of microorganisms to degrade a high molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbon viz. Benzo(α)Pyrene (BaP) has been investigated. Three bacteria isolated from coal tar contaminated and fire affected soils were tested for their BaP degrading ability in minimal medium and soil slurry. Based on their morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the bacterial isolates were identified as Cellulomaons sp. 4D, Commamonas sp.1B and Streptomyces sp. 2C. All the isolates performed best at pH 7, temperature 30° C and shaking speed 100 rpm. Supplementing the minimal medium with additional carbon and nitrogen sources enhanced the rate of BaP degradation by the bacterial isolates. Comparative studies showed that BaP degradation potential of consortium is better than individual bacteria. Viability of bacterial cells has also been tested by storing them in bioformulation made of charcoal and talc and in alginate beads for 60 days. BaP degradation was also investigated using bacterial isolates immobilized in sodium alginate beads and using nanoparticles in both minimal medium and soil. Results showed that the degradation potential of bacterial isolates increased when used in immobilized form. Nanoparticles enhanced the ability of bacterial isolates to degrade BaP in soil though much difference was not observed in minimal medium. HPLC and FTIR analysis confirmed the degradation of BaP by the selected bacterial isolates. The current study clearly demonstrated that Cellulomaons sp. 4D, Commamonas sp. 1B and Streptomyces sp.2C were able to degrade BaP effectively in media and soil and therefore can be used profitably for field scale bioremediation technologyThesisItem Open Access Investigation of roadside vegetation response to vehicular pollutants around SIIDCUL Pantnagar(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Kandpal, Hema; Rai, J.P.N.This study was conducted to asses response of plants towards air pollution growing along roadside in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Seven different parameters relative water content, proline, protein, ascorbic acid, pH, chlorophyll concentration and APTI of five plants species (Ricinus communis, Cannabis sativa, Eucalyptus species, Mangifera indica and Nerium species) were assed from three different sites (Campus area of the university, NH-109 Rudrapur, Near Metropolis Rudrapur in front of SIIDCUL). Reduction in relative water, chlorophyll, proline concentration and protein concentration were reported from the site with dense traffic area. Elevation in concentration of pH and ascorbic acid was reported from traffic dense area. The species were adversely affected by air pollution caused by vehicular emission. Along with this APTI value was determined to find sensitive and tolerant species. Mangifera indica was found to most tolerant towards air pollution among all of them and Cannabis sativa and Eucalyptus species were found as sensitive species. These sensitive species can be used for biomonitoring purpose. Highest APTI values recorded from NH-109 Rudrapur and lowest from site near Metropolis Rudrapur in front of SIIDCUL. The observation show that vehicular pollution adversely affects plants community near road. This investigation can be proposed for future development and management of vegetation near roadside.ThesisItem Open Access Use of immobilized bacterial cells with integration of phytoremediation for removal of pollutants from Kalyani river(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-07) Aliye, Sultan Abdulkadir; Srivastava, R.K.The present study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of combined use of immobilized bacterial cells and plants for removal of pollutants from polluted water of Kalyani River. Water samples were collected from three sampling sites of the river and analysed for physicochemical water quality parameters. Among the three sampling sites, site KR2 recorded high concentration of COD (1010 mg/l), BOD (230 mg/l), NO3 --N (30mg/l), PO4 3--P (48.9 mg/l), Pb(1.028 mg/l) and Cu (0.217 mg/l). These results indicated that site KR2 is the most polluted site because of the discharge of untreated or partial treated industrial effluent. The polluted river water sample collected from this site was treated at lab scale level through use of immobilized bacterial cells and Epipremnum aureum in different treatment setups. Among all treatment or pollutant removal experiment setups used, the treatment with combined use of immobilized bacterial cells and Epipremnum aureum was showed high pollutant removal efficiency. The study result revealed that the high concentration of COD, BOD, NO3 - N, PO4 3-- P, Pb and Cu of polluted river water sample were reduced by 94.06 %, 91.3%, 92%, 76.07%, 93.68% and 93.56% respectively at HTR of 96 hours. Finally, the content of COD, BOD, NO3 - -N and Pb in the river water sample reduced to 60, 20, 2.4 and 0.065 mg/l respectively which are below the permissible limit of inland surface water discharge. Based on the result obtained, it may come to conclusion that use of immobilized bacterial cells with integration of phytoremediation is cost effective, eco-friendly and promising bioremediation approach for elimination of pollutants from contaminated river water.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of humic acid on Zn and Cr absorption by Allium cepa from mixed industrial waste water(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Prajapati, Nandini; Saraswat, ShwetaThe present study was conducted to assess the effect of humic acid on Zn and Cr absorption by Allium cepa from mixed industrial waste water. The plant growth parameters as root length, shoot height, and their dry weight were also investigated at varying concentration of humic acid and mixed industrial effluent after 14 days of treatment. The application of humic acid influenced the root length, shoot height and their dry wt. The maximum root length (22.34 cm), shoot height (29.03 cm), root dry wt. (0.89 g) and shoot dry wt. (1.05 g) was observed at 50 ppm humic acid exposure. However, in case of mixed industrial effluent, there was substantial decrease in plant growth as compared to control. Although, the exposure of both 50 ppm humic acid and 50% mixed industrial effluent did not adversely affected the plant growth. The maximum root length (18.73 cm), shoot height (26.43 cm), root dry wt. (0.76 g) and shoot dry wt. (0.95 g) were recorded in combination of both 50 ppm humic acid and 50% mixed industrial effluent after 14 days of treatment. In general, Zn and Cr accumulation was higher in roots than shoots at different exposure of mixed industrial effluent either individually or in combination of humic acid. Although humic acid application reduced the metal uptake into the plant parts substantially at both 50% and 100% mixed industrial effluent exposure. At 50ppm humic acid and 50% mixed industrial effluent the Zn uptake in roots (0.29 mg g-1) and shoots (0.006 mg g-1) was minimum. Likewise, the Cr uptake in roots (0.10 mg g-1) and shoots (0.005 mg g-1) was also observed minimum. The Bioconcentration factors for Zn and Cr uptake were <1 in all the treatments. Similarly, Translocation factors were also calculated < 1 indicated the low mobility of metals in aerial plant parts. Results revealed that higher doses of humic acid application decreased Zn and Cr uptake in plant parts and also promoted the growth of Allium cepa plant. The study further suggested that Allium cepa could be grown in moderately metal contaminated environments by adopting optimum humic acid conditioning which could decrease the hazardous effects of heavy metals on plant growth and their further transport to various food chains.
