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Open Access
An ANN based approach for assessment and improvement in voltage stability of power systems
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-02) Negi, Geeta; Swami, A.K.
Use of new technologies and the growth in interconnections are continuously increasing the complexity of the system. These highly complex modern power systems are operating in severely stressed conditions due to economical and environmental considerations rendering them venerable to frequent failures. Voltage stability has become a major concern as the present system is operating near its maximum capacity level. To get information regarding voltage stability margin and its improvement, various methods has been used in past. This work deals with L-index and VCPI techniques to calculate the stability margin and give information about the weak areas of the network. By using L-index the settings of control strategies can be known and by making proper changes in these values the operator of ECC can avoid the unwanted situations. ANN is an intelligent tool with parallel computational capability. It can perform nonlinear mapping in short duration. Once neural network is trained, it provides acceptable recommendations in a short time, which is suitable for online application. Here ANN is used to predict the values of L-index, VCPI, and control Quantities (generator excitation and settings of SVCs), which become helpful to the operator for handling the unfavorable conditions. These methods are applied on IEEE-9 bus and IEEE-14 bus system. An attempt is made to find best results that the voltage stability margin can be assessed and improved.
Open Access
Performance analysis of self-excited induction generator using MATLAB & its experimental verification
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Choudhary, Monika; Goel, S.K.
Self-excited induction generator offers certain advantages over a conventional synchronous generator as a source of isolated power supply. Main advantages are reduced cost, less maintenance, self protection from short-circuit or overload condition. It is used as variable speed generator for different application such as wind energy conversion, micro-hydro power generation. It can be used to generate constant voltage and frequency if the electrical load is maintained constant at its terminals. Under such operations, SEIG requires constant capacitance for excitation resulting in a fixed-point operation. In this thesis, Experimental investigation of Self-Excited Induction Generator has been done in laboratory. Three-phase SEIG model using Matlab simulink has been developed. MATLAB/Simulink software has been used to analyze the behavior of SelfExcited Induction Generator. Simulink result has been obtained using the developed model. Experimental investigation of Self-Excited Induction Generator condition under different loading conditions has been done using four channel digital oscilloscope. Experimental investigation of SEIG has been done in laboratory. The results obtained in laboratory are very much similar to the MATLAB results.
Open Access
Performance analysis of axially laminated anisotropic synchronous reluctance motor
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-07) Rawat, Harendra Singh; Banerjee, G.K.
In an effort to obtain better performance of SRM by obtaining a high ratio of direct (d) axis to quadrature (q) axis magnetizing inductances ( d q L L ) an axially laminated anisotropic (ALA) rotor was designed and fabricated. To construct an ALA rotor the axially laminated segments were constructed with multiple C.R.G.O laminations interleaved with milo paper insulation sheets. The thickness of C.R.G.O lamination and milo paper insulation sheet were of .2 and .25 mm respectively. The rotor has been designed for four poles configuration. The objective of this study was to design and fabricate axially laminated anisotropic synchronous reluctance motor for performance analysis. Parameters of SRM determined by A.C stand still test. The saturation effect was studied by synchronous running test. We analyzed the steady state and dynamic state behaviour of the SRM by developing a mathematical model. The presence of third and fifth harmonic at no-load and load condition was also determined. The results reveal that the steady state analysis performance on simulated of SRM as well as experimentally on test motor were in close agreement. The saturation effect was found negligible in motoring mode. The harmonic contents included third and fifth harmonics in very small percentage and increased slightly with loading.
Open Access
Analysis of excessive unevenness in load curve characteristics due to solar energy incorporation into grid & the possible solution
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Bohra, Vijay; Arora, Sudha
The global average temperature is rising at significant rate, so is our concern towards it. One of the major contributor to rising temperature, is the green house gases emitted from power sector due to its high dependence on conventional sources like coal and petroleum products. Various measures like incorporating renewable energy into system are being taken to reduce the share of conventional (fossil fuel based) plants in the energy sector. Among renewable sources, solar energy has the highest growth rate (24% growth) due to its universal acceptance features like availability of sun on earth surface, ease of maintenance, ease of installation, no moving parts, negligible pollution level etc. But, with high solar incorporation, a major problem which is foreseen for every country is significant dip in power requirements from conventional energy sources, resulting in dip in their load curve during day time which could decrease the efficiency of these conventional plants (mostly thermal plants) and leads to excessive curtailment of energy due to over generation. A need for such a system was felt where energy could be stored (acting load during peak hours) and released (when there is excessive ramp to reduce pressure from thermal power plants). So, the missing link was searched and energy storage system was found to be a possible solution to the above mentioned problems. Among options like pumped hydro storage, compressed air storage, and battery energy storage, battery energy storage system can be best solution because of its wide availability and applicability. Taking all these things into account, the first part of this thesis work deals with analysis of, unevenness in load curve due to solar energy incorporation. For this, load is varied in a way that resembles a typical load curve, on a SIMULINK model of grid-tied PV system, and the percentage share of load met by PV and grid are recorded and analysed. In the second part, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is designed in SIMULINK as the solution to above problem.
Open Access
Advanced directional relaying schemes for series compensated transmission lines and distribution networks
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Bisht, Dinesh Singh; Saxena, Ravi
In integrated power systems the direction of fault current is not fixed. A reliable, effective and versatile directional relaying is therefore very important. Voltage and current inversion in series compensated lines leads to mal-operation of conventional directional relays. In distribution lines where potential transformer is generally absent, conventional directional relays cannot be used. This thesis presents two modified directional relaying schemes to address these shortcomings. First scheme utilise the phase change in positive sequence current and magnitude change in positive sequence voltage at fault and pre-fault conditions. It is evaluated through MATLAB simulation for a series compensated line and its performance is compared with conventional directional relaying for different type of fault. This proposed scheme addresses the problems of voltage and current inversion faced in conventional directional relaying. The second scheme utilise only the post fault current to estimate the fault direction. Hence, it is an attractive method of directional relaying in distribution networks but equally applicable for transmission lines. Performance of this technique was assessed using simulated models of transmission and distribution lines on MATLAB for different operating conditions; like change in the power flow direction, effect of fault resistance, effect of fault location, level of compensation etc.
Open Access
Modeling and performance analysis of PV module
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Sanjay Kumar; Saxena, Ravi
Energy production from solar energy sources is accelerating due to increase in oil prices, depletion in fossil fuel reservoir and environment change concern. Solar energy is environment friendly, reliable, clean and most promising energy resource among renewable energy options. Photovoltaic module composed of the series and parallel connected solar cell to meet requisite level of voltage and current at consumer end. Photovoltaic module’s performances are mainly depends on environmental conditions such as irradiance and ambient temperature. The main emphasis of the thesis is to be placed on photovoltaic system, modeling and simulation of PV module. A PV module has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment to predict modeled PV module performance. This thesis discusses the effect of temperature, irradiance level, series resistance and shunt resistance on the performance of modeled PV module.
Open Access
Modeling, simulation and IoT based real-time monitoring of an electric vehicle
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-03) Rohit Kumar; Saxena, Ravi
Electric vehicles (EV) use electric motors and motor controllers powered by rechargeable battery packs for their propulsion. It offers several advantages over conventional petrol/diesel cars as they have sustainable and cleaner energy emissions in transportation and lower running cost. In the first phase of study, Simulation is performed in LabVIEW and the results are plotted. The torque, power, distance travelled and depth of discharge variations were used to determine the energy flow and performance of EV.SIMULINK based EV Model was to study the performance of the SRM drives for electric vehicles under abnormal conditions such as open and short circuit faults. The speed, torque, fluxes and state of charge (SOC) were usedto analyze the performance of SRM driven electric vehicle. The concept of solar hybrid e-rickshaw is an important step toward sustainable green transportation system. In this work, the E-rickshaw with solar photovoltaic panel is simulated both with single and simultaneous battery packs. Li-ion battery pack shares higher energy density and more SOC decline as compared to lead acid battery pack under dynamic conditions. The results signify the possibility of implementing simultaneous battery packs at reasonable cost price. In this thesis, an IoT based realtime monitoring system is successfully tested, validated and implemented.
Open Access
Mechanical and thermal characterization of electronic waste modified epoxy
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Sagar, Amar; Sah, P.L.
In the present thesis work experimental investigation to study mechanical and thermal properties of electronic waste modified epoxy has been done. The composite consisting of electronic waste particle reinforced in epoxy was fabricated using hand lay-up technique. Electronic waste plastic powder from television and keyboard cabinet was used as filler with epoxy matrix. The filler was transformed to micro size particles from grinder using grinding operation. Two million tons of electronic wastes are produced in India annually, thus posing an environmental challenge. Therefore, we have tried to utilize this electronic waste in the field of material science. This work reveals the systematic methodology of fabrication and evaluation of diverse properties of the epoxy based electronic waste reinforced composites. After applying the curing process, epoxy resin – electronic waste composites, with varying electronic waste weight percentages (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) were put to investigation. On the basis of mechanical testing results properties like tensile strength, Compressive strength, impact strength and hardness improved. The cured epoxy composite with 5 weight % electronic waste content was confirmed to be the best of all compositions under this scrutiny which was authenticated by the micro-structural and mechanical tests. Thermal testing showed insignificant changes in degradation temperature with 5% weight of filler being slightly stable. It is concluded that optimum results were found at a particular percentage of 5%. Thus properties have significantly improved for the developed composite as compared to pristine epoxy.
Open Access
Study of shunt active filter for the harmonic current compensation of nonlinear load using PQ theory
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Pandey, Deepak; Goel, S.K.
Due to the intensive use of power converters and other non-linear loads in industry and by consumers in general, it can be observed an increasing deterioration of the power systems voltage and current waveforms. The presence of harmonics in the power lines results in greater power losses in distribution, interference problems in communication systems and, sometimes, in operation failures of electronic equipments, which are more and more sensitive since they include microelectronic control systems, which work with very low energy levels. Because of these problems, the issue of the power quality delivered to the end consumers is, more than ever, an object of great concern. International standards concerning electrical power quality impose that electrical equipments and facilities should not produce harmonic contents greater than specified values, and also specify distortion limits to the supply voltage. Meanwhile, it is mandatory to solve the harmonic problems caused by those equipments already installed. Passive filters have been used as a solution to solve harmonic current problems, but they present several disadvantages, namely: they only filter the frequencies they were previously tuned for their operation cannot be limited to a certain load; resonances can occur because of the interaction between the passive filters and other loads, with unpredictable results. To cope with these disadvantages, recent efforts have been concentrated in the development of active filters. This thesis present the analysis of Shunt Active Filter for harmonic current compensation based on instantaneous active and reactive power theory through MATLAB/Simulink tool.

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